Demographics of Guatemala

The Demographics of Guatemala are diverse, the 16,548,168 million people (June 2016)^[1] consist primarily of mestizos, Amerindians, and people of European descent. The population is divided almost evenly between rural and urban areas.^[2] About 60% of the population speak Spanish, with nearly all the rest speaking Amerindian languages (there are 23 officially recognized Amerindian languages^[3]).

According to official 2012 national statistics, 39.8% of the population is indigenous.^[2]

Population

Guatemala's population (1950-2010).^[4]

According to the 2012 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population estimate was 14,342,000 in 2010, compared to 3,146,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 54.1% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, and 4.4% were aged 65 years or older.^[4]

Guatemala City, the largest city in Central America, is home to over 3 million inhabitants. In 1900 Guatemala had a population of 885,000.^[5] Over the twentieth century Guatemala's population grew by a factor of fourteen. No other western hemisphere country saw such rapid growth.

	Total population (x 1000)	Proportion aged 0–14 (%)	Proportion aged 15–64 (%)	Proportion aged 65+ (%)
1950	3 146	44.6	52.9	2.5
1955	3 619	45.4	52.0	2.6
1960	4 141	45.8	51.6	2.7
1965	4 736	45.2	52.0	2.8
1970	5 416	44.6	52.5	2.9
1975	6 194	44.8	52.3	2.9
1980	7 001	45.4	51.6	3.0
1985	7 920	45.7	51.2	3.1
1990	8 890	45.4	51.3	3.4
1995	9 984	44.9	51.4	3.7
2000	11 204	44.1	51.9	4.0
2005	12 679	43.2	52.6	4.3
2010	14 342	41.5	54.1	4.4

Population by departments

Rank	Department	Pop.	Rank	Department	Pop.	Department	Pop.
1	Guatemala	3,306,397	10	Totonicapán	18	Retalhuleu	325,556
2	Huehuetenango	1,234,593	11	Sololá	19	Baja Verapaz	291,903
3	Alta Verapaz	1,219,585	12	Jutiapa	20	Zacapa	291,903
4	San Marcos	1,095,997	13	Izabal	445,125
5	Quetzaltenango	844,906	14	Chiquimula	397,202
6	Escuintla	746,309	15	Santa Rosa	367,569
7	Petén	711,585	16	Jalapa	345,926
8	Chimaltenango	666,938	17	Sacatepéquez	336,606
9	Suchitepéquez	555,261	18	Total	--	15,806,675 (2014)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE).[6]

Emigration

The Guatemalan civil war from 1960 to 1996 provoked migration of Guatemalans, with a large majority of those leaving for foreign countries living in the United States. According to the International Organization for Migration, the total number of emigrants increased from 6,700 in the 1960s to 558,776 for the period 1995-2000, by 2005 the total number had reached 1.3 million.^[7] In 2013, the MPI estimated that there are around 900,000 people of Guatemalan origin in the United States.^[8]

Country	Count
United States	480,665[9] – 1,489,426[10]
Mexico	23,529[10]
Belize	14,693[10]
Canada	14,256[10] – 34,665[11]
Germany	5,989[10]
Honduras	5,172[10]
El Salvador	4,209[10]
Spain	2,491[10]

Ethnic groups

Indigenous girls in Chichicastenango

Ethnic Groups in Guatemala %^[2][3][12]

  Mestizos (41.0%)

  Amerindians (38.9%)

  Whites (18.5%)

  Blacks (1.0%)

  Asians (0.6%)

Official 2012 statistics indicate that approximately 60.2% of the population is "non-indigenous",^[2] referring to the mestizo population and the people of European origin. These people are called Ladino in Guatemala.

Approximately 39.8% of the population is indigenous^[2] and consist of 23 Maya groups and one non-Maya group. These are divided as follows: (K'iche 9.1%, 8.4% Kaqchikel, Mam 7.9%, 6.3% Q'eqchi', other Maya peoples 8.6%, 0.2% indigenous non-Maya).^[3] They live all over the country, especially in the highlands.

Other racial groups include numbers of Afro-Guatemalans, Afro-Mestizos, and Garifuna of mixed African and indigenous Caribbean origins who live in the country's eastern end. Some Garifunas live mainly in Livingston, San Vicente and Puerto Barrios. They descend mainly from the Arawaks and Belizean Creoles.^[3]

Arab Guatemalans there are thousands of Palestinians, Syrians, Jordanians, Iraqi, and other Arab descendant who reside in Guatemala City. They have there mosques and some belong to Christian Churches while others to Islamic Mosques.

There are also thousands of Jews residing in Guatemala. They are immigrants from Germany and Eastern Europe that arrived in the 19th century. Many immigrated during World War II. There are approximately 9,000 Jews living in Guatemala today. Most live in Guatemala City, Quezaltenango and San Marcos. Today, the Jewish community in Guatemala is made up of Orthodox Jews, Sephardi, Eastern European and German Jews.

In 2014, numerous members of the Hassidic communities Lev Tahor and Toiras Jesed began settling in the village of San Juan La Laguna, therefore mainstream Jewish communities felt threatened by their higher commitment to Judaism, deciding to spark tensions with residents. The mainstream Jewish community was reportedly dismayed and concerned that the arrival of communities with higher adherence to Judaism might stir up anti-Jewish sentiment. Despite the tropical heat, the members of the community continued to wear the traditional ancient Jewish clothing.^[13][14][15]

Asian Guatemalans are primarily of Korean descent and Chinese descent, whose ancestors were farm workers and railroad laborers in the early 20th century.

History

The 1893 Guatemalan Census reported that 481,945 persons, or 35.3% of the population, were Ladinos (defined as both whites and people of European and Indian descent), and 882,733 persons, or 64.7% of the population, were Indios (Natives).^[16]

European Guatemalans

Approximately, 18.5% of the populations is considered White or Caucasian, account more than 3 million of the population. Most are of German and Spanish descent, but there are a considerable number of people of Italian, Belgian, French, British, Swiss, Finnish, Russian and Hungarian descent.

The departments of Zacapa and Chiquimula are half or predominantly of Spanish descent, with castizos, the white populations make up more than 80% in these departments, where many European immigrants arrived, mainly the 19th and 20th centuries, in Guatemala City there are a significant minority of descendants of Europeans (35-40%), and some minorities more than 20% in Coban, Carlos V and Xelaju.

Mestizo Guatemalans

Guatemalan mestizos are people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry. The mestizo population in Guatemala is concentrated in urban areas of the country (the national capital and departmental capitals).^[17]

Historically, the mestizo population in the Kingdom of Guatemala at the time of Independence amounted to nearly 600,000 Indians, 300,000 castes (mostly mestizos and a lesser number of mulattos), and 45,000 criollos or Spanish, with a very small number of Spaniards.^[18]

Indigenous Guatemalans

The Amerindian populations in Guatemala include the K'iche' 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9% and Q'eqchi 6.3%. 8.6% of the population belongs to other Maya groups, 0.4% belong to non-Maya indigenous peoples. The whole indigenous community in Guatemala is about 40.5% of the population.^[19]

Languages

The official language of Guatemala is Spanish. It is spoken by more than 60% of the population and is found mainly in the departments of South region, east region, Guatemala City and Peten.^[3] Though the official language is Spanish, it is often the second language among the indigenous population.

Approximately 23 additional indigenous languages are spoken by more than 30% of the population. The most significant are Quiche, Kaqchikel, Mam, Tz’utujil, Q'eqchi' and Pocomam. A non-Mayan indigenous language, Xinca, is almost extinct, with less than 10,000 speakers remaining. About 50,000 people speak the Garifuna language. There are also significant numbers of German, Chinese, French and English language speakers.

Religion

Religion in Guatemala (1996)[20]
Religion
Catholic			54%
Evangelical			25%
Atheist, None, Agnostic			8%
Others			9%
NS/NC			4%

Religion in Guatemala (2013)[20]
Religion
Catholic			47%
Evangelical			40%
Atheist, None, Agnostic			9%
Others			3%
NS/NC			1%

Catholicism was the official religion during the colonial era. Protestantism has increased in recent decades. More than one third of Guatemalans are Protestant, chiefly Evangelicals and Pentecostals. Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy claim rapid growth, especially among indigenous Mayans.

Guatemala the Islamic community in Guatemala is growing. The Muslim population of Guatemala is approximately 1,200. Of this population, 95% are Palestinian Arab immigrants. There is a mosque in the outskirts of Guatemala City called the Islamic Da'wah Mosque of Guatemala (Spanish: Mezquita de Aldawaa Islámica) which is available for the five daily prayers and offers classes in Islamic studies.

The president of the Islamic Community of the country is Jamal Mubarak.

Another mosque is the Mezquita Baitul Awwal (1989), run by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

Traditionally a large proportion of Guatemalans have been Catholics. This has declined, from 90% of the population in 1950, 61% in 1986, 65% in 1991 (after the visit of the Pope John Paul II), 57% in 2006,^[21] and 47% in 2013.^[20] Between 1882 and 1940 2% of the population were Protestants, 17.98% were Protestant in 1978, 30% in 1986, 21% in 1991, 25.27% in 2001, 30.70% in 2006^[21] and 40% Protestant in 2014.^[20]

3% of Guatemalans follow other religions.^[20] 9% are non-religious.^[20] Guatemalans who self-identify themselves as atheists/agnostics were 3.25% of the population in 1982, 12% in 1991, and 14.2% in 2001.^[21] According to the Latinobarómetro, 8% of the population were irreligious in 1996, 15% in 2000, 16% in 2007, 11% in 2008, 13% in 2010, with 10% irreligious in 2014.^[20] The "other religions" were 9% in 1996 to 14% one year later, and 3% in 2013.^[20]

Religious Evolution in Guatemala (by national census)
Year	% Catholic	% Evangelic	% Others	% No religion
1882-1940	97%	2%	0.1%	0.4%
1978	80.1%	17.9%	0.8%	1.2%
1980	77%	19.1%	1.1%	2.8%
1982	73.4%	22.3%	1.1%	3.2%
1986	62.9%	30%	2%	6%
1991	64.6%	21%	2.4%	12%
1992	60.4%	26.4%	2.1%	11.1%
2001	58.1%	25.2%	2.5%	14.2%
2006	57.3%	30.7%	2.1%	9.9%
2010	47.6%	31.7%	2.4%	18.3%
2012	47.9%	38.2%	2.3%	11.6%

Religious identity in Guatemala (1996-2013).
Year	% Catholics	% Protestants	% atheist/non-religion	% others
1996	54%	25%	8%	13%
1997	54%	24%	6%	16%
1998	69%	19%	8%	3%
1999	60%	27%	9%	3%
2000	52%	29%	15%	4%
2001	58%	29%	7%	6%
2002	57%	29%	8%	6%
2003	59%	32%	7%	2%
2004	53%	33%	12%	2%
2005	57%	31%	10%	2%
2006	54%	34%	10%	2%
2007	48%	36%	15%	1%
2008	51%	36%	11%	2%
2009	54%	34%	9%	3%
2010	47%	39%	12%	2%
2011	55%	30%	11%	4%
2013	47%	40%	10%	3%

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. ^[4]

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*	Life expectancy total	Life expectancy males	Life expectancy females
1950-1955	170 000	75 000	95 000	50.3	22.3	28.0	7.00	141	42.5	41.8	43.3
1955-1960	183 000	78 000	104 000	47.0	20.2	26.9	6.60	134	44.5	43.7	45.4
1960-1965	204 000	80 000	124 000	46.0	18.0	28.0	6.50	127	47.1	46.2	48.1
1965-1970	227 000	80 000	146 000	44.7	15.8	28.8	6.30	116	50.1	49.0	51.3
1970-1975	255 000	79 000	177 000	44.0	13.5	30.4	6.20	102	53.9	52.4	55.4
1975-1980	287 000	80 000	206 000	43.5	12.2	31.3	6.20	91	56.2	54.4	58.2
1980-1985	315 000	81 000	234 000	42.2	10.9	31.3	6.10	79	58.3	56.1	60.8
1985-1990	333 000	79 000	254 000	39.6	9.4	30.2	5.70	67	60.9	58.3	63.8
1990-1995	367 000	76 000	291 000	38.9	8.1	30.8	5.45	55	63.5	60.5	66.9
1995-2000	396 000	73 000	322 000	37.3	6.9	30.4	5.00	46	66.3	62.9	70.0
2000-2005	427 000	72 000	355 000	35.8	6.1	29.7	4.60	39	69.0	65.5	72.5
2005-2010	449 000	77 000	373 000	33.3	5.7	27.6	4.15	30	70.3	66.7	73.8
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered annual data^[22][23]

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	TFR
1930	1 760	100 000	43 500	56 500	56.8	24.7	32.1
1931	1 810	99 000	44 000	55 000	54.7	24.3	30.4
1932	1 860	93 600	43 900	49 700	50.3	23.6	26.7
1933	1 910	90 700	52 100	38 600	47.5	27.3	20.2
1934	1 940	92 205	60 051	32 154	47.5	31.0	16.6
1935	1 980	96 031	54 789	41 242	48.5	27.7	20.8
1936	2 020	97 646	50 604	47 042	48.3	25.1	23.3
1937	2 070	96 981	51 027	45 954	46.9	24.7	22.2
1938	2 110	98 906	56 131	42 775	46.9	26.6	20.3
1939	2 150	102 908	64 117	38 791	47.9	29.8	18.0
1940	2 200	106 998	55 083	51 915	48.6	25.0	23.6
1941	2 250	103 688	56 444	47 244	46.1	25.1	21.0
1942	2 300	107 519	72 477	35 042	46.7	31.5	15.2
1943	2 340	112 407	72 837	39 570	48.0	31.1	16.9
1944	2 390	111 324	63 068	48 256	46.6	26.4	20.2
1945	2 440	118 912	59 732	59 180	48.7	24.5	24.3
1946	2 500	120 525	61 641	58 884	48.2	24.7	23.6
1947	2 570	134 066	63 316	70 750	52.2	24.6	27.5
1948	2 641	137 009	62 090	74 919	51.9	23.5	28.4
1949	2 724	140 596	59 277	81 319	51.6	21.8	29.9
1950	3 146	142 673	61 234	81 439	48.1	20.6	27.4
1951	3 238	151 416	56 550	94 866	49.6	18.5	31.1
1952	3 331	151 865	71 994	79 871	48.3	22.9	25.4
1953	3 426	156 377	70 794	85 583	48.3	21.9	26.4
1954	3 521	162 773	58 132	104 641	48.9	17.4	31.4
1955	3 619	158 856	67 088	91 768	46.3	19.6	26.7
1956	3 719	163 301	66 280	97 021	46.2	18.8	27.5
1957	3 820	170 381	70 933	99 448	46.9	19.5	27.4
1958	3 924	172 745	75 634	97 111	46.2	20.2	26.0
1959	4 031	181 740	63 010	118 730	47.2	16.4	30.8
1960	4 141	186 476	65 805	120 671	47.1	16.6	30.4
1961	4 253	193 833	63 287	130 546	47.5	15.5	32.0
1962	4 369	191 420	69 287	122 133	45.6	16.5	29.1
1963	4 488	197 671	71 449	126 222	45.8	16.6	29.2
1964	4 610	196 386	68 278	128 108	44.2	15.4	28.9
1965	4 736	201 059	74 830	126 229	44.0	16.4	27.6
1966	4 864	206 520	75 774	130 746	44.0	16.1	27.8
1967	4 996	201 816	71 191	130 625	41.8	14.8	27.1
1968	5 132	211 679	79 421	132 258	42.7	16.0	26.7
1969	5 271	215 397	85 174	130 223	42.2	16.7	25.5
1970	5 416	212 151	77 333	134 818	40.5	14.7	25.7
1971	5 565	229 674	75 223	154 451	42.6	14.0	28.6
1972	5 719	241 593	67 989	173 604	43.6	12.3	31.3
1973	5 877	238 498	69 454	169 044	41.8	12.2	29.6
1974	6 036	252 203	69 820	182 383	43.0	11.9	31.1
1975	6 194	249 332	78 708	170 624	41.4	13.1	28.4
1976	6 352	266 728	81 627	185 101	43.2	13.2	30.0
1977	6 510	284 747	71 777	212 970	45.0	11.3	33.6
1978	6 669	286 415	66 844	219 571	44.1	10.3	33.8
1979	6 832	295 972	72 274	223 698	44.5	10.9	33.6
1980	7 001	303 643	71 352	232 291	44.5	10.5	34.1
1981	7 177	308 413	75 658	232 755	44.1	10.8	33.3
1982	7 358	312 047	76 267	235 780	43.5	10.6	32.9
1983	7 543	306 827	74 462	232 365	41.7	10.1	31.6
1984	7 731	312 094	75 462	236 632	41.3	10.0	31.4
1985	7 920	326 849	69 455	257 394	42.2	9.0	33.3
1986	8 109	318 340	66 328	252 012	40.1	8.4	31.8
1987	8 299	319 942	66 404	253 538	39.4	8.2	31.2
1988	8 492	337 396	64 100	273 296	40.5	7.7	32.8
1989	8 688	340 807	61 548	279 259	39.9	7.2	32.7
1990	8 890	347 207	73 344	273 863	39.7	8.4	31.3
1991	9 099	359 904	72 896	287 008	39.6	8.0	31.5
1992	9 313	363 648	73 124	290 524	39.0	7.9	31.2
1993	9 533	370 138	73 870	296 268	38.8	7.7	31.1
1994	9 756	381 497	74 761	306 736	39.1	7.7	31.4
1995	9 984	371 091	65 159	305 932	37.2	6.5	30.6
1996	10 215	377 723	60 618	317 105	37.0	5.9	31.0
1997	10 450	387 862	67 691	320 171	37.1	6.5	30.6
1998	10 691	400 133	69 847	330 286	37.4	6.5	30.9
1999	10 942	409 034	65 139	343 895	37.4	6.0	31.4
2000	11 204	425 410	67 284	358 126	38.0	6.0	32.0
2001	11 479	415 338	68 041	347 297	36.2	5.9	30.3
2002	11 766	387 287	66 089	321 198	32.9	5.6	27.3
2003	12 063	375 092	66 695	308 397	31.1	5.5	25.6
2004	12 368	383 704	66 991	316 713	31.0	5.4	25.6
2005	12 679	374 066	71 039	303 027	29.5	5.6	23.9	3.8
2006	12 995	368 399	69 756	298 643	28.3	5.4	22.9	3.6
2007	13 318	366 128	70 030	296 098	27.4	5.2	22.2	3.5
2008	13 678	369 769	70 233	299 536	27.0	5.1	21.9	3.4
2009	14 017	351 628	71 707	279 921	25.1	5.1	20.0	3.1
2010	14 362	361 906	72 748	289 158	25.2	5.1	20.1	3.1
2011	14 714	373 692	72 354	301 338	25.4	4.9	20.5	3.1
2012	15 073	388 613	72 657	315 956	25.8	4.8	21.0	3.1
2013	15 438	387 342	76 639	310 703	25.1	5.0	20.1	3.1
2014	15 807	386 195	77 807	308 388	24.4	4.9	19.5	3.4
2015	16 176

Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):^[24][25]

Year	CBR (Total)	TFR (Total)	CBR (Urban)	TFR (Urban)	CBR (Rural)	TFR (Rural)
1987		5,6 (4,9)		4,1 (3,5)		6,5 (5,8)
1995		5,1 (4,0)		3,8 (3,0)		6,2 (4,8)
1998-99	38,0	5,0 (4,1)	34,8	4,1 (3,4)	40,1	5,8 (4,6)
2002		4,4		3,4		5,2
2008-09		3,6		2,9		4,2
2014-15	27,3	3,1	22,5	2,5	31,0	3,7

Structure of the population ^[26]

Structure of the population (01.07.2005) (Estimates) :

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	6 197 399	6 502 381	12 699 780	100
0-4	1 035 549	1 000 763	2 036 312	16,03
5-9	921 924	901 718	1 823 642	14,36
10-14	815 791	808 328	1 624 119	12,79
15-19	685 359	694 215	1 379 574	10,86
20-24	571 385	608 879	1 180 264	9,29
25-29	446 309	506 386	952 695	7,50
30-34	340 378	412 767	753 145	5,93
35-39	270 907	329 253	600 160	4,73
40-44	225 243	267 504	492 747	3,88
45-49	191 635	218 053	409 688	3,23
50-54	175 311	191 751	367 062	2,89
55-59	149 593	161 320	310 913	2,45
60-64	113 686	119 957	233 643	1,84
65-69	94 128	98 864	192 992	1,52
70-74	74 463	81 804	156 267	1,23
75-79	50 340	57 089	107 429	0,85
80+	35 398	43 730	79 128	0,62

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0-14	2 773 264	2 710 809	5 484 073	43,18
15-64	3 169 806	3 510 085	6 679 891	52,60
65+	254 329	281 487	535 816	4,22

Structure of the population (01.07.2010) (Estimates) (Projections based on the 2002 Population Census) :

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	7 003 337	7 358 328	14 361 666	100
0-4	1 103 521	1 062 224	2 165 745	15,08
5-9	1 017 180	987 490	2 004 670	13,96
10-14	906 603	891 659	1 798 262	12,52
15-19	794 459	795 688	1 590 147	11,07
20-24	646 911	675 214	1 322 125	9,21
25-29	538 214	590 746	1 128 960	7,86
30-34	418 535	494 657	913 192	6,36
35-39	323 010	402 681	725 691	5,05
40-44	258 454	321 849	580 303	4,04
45-49	215 304	260 145	475 449	3,31
50-54	182 662	211 040	393 702	2,74
55-59	165 910	184 214	350 124	2,44
60-64	139 395	152 936	292 331	2,04
65-69	103 433	111 058	214 491	1,49
70-74	81 809	88 219	170 028	1,18
75-79	60 257	68 733	128 990	0,90
80+	47 678	59 778	107 456	0,75

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0-14	3 027 304	2 941 373	5 968 677	41,56
15-64	3 682 856	4 089 167	7 772 023	54,12
65+	293 177	327 788	620 965	4,32

Structure of the population (2015):^[27]

Age Group	Total	%
Total	16 176 133	100
0-4	2 262 514	13.99
5-9	2 142 308	13.24
10-14	1 988 541	12.29
15-19	1 776 352	10.98
20-24	1 553 450	9.60
25-29	1 286 639	7.95
30-34	1 099 039	6.79
35-39	889 673	5.50
40-44	707 191	4.37
45-49	563 431	3.48
50-54	459 432	2.84
55-59	377 242	2.33
60-64	330 803	2.05
65+	739 518	4.57%

Age group	Total	Percent
0-14	6 393 363	39.52
15-64	9 043 252	55.90
65+	739 518	4.57

References

1. Guatemala: Estimaciones de la Población total por municipio. Período 2008-2020
2. "Caracterización estadística República de Guatemala 2012" (PDF). INE. Archived from the original on November 2012. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
3. "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
4. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision
5. Lahmeyer, Jan (2002). "Guatemala: historical demographical data of the whole country". Population Statistics. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
6. "Guatemalan population growth (by departament)" (web page). INE. Retrieved 2014-12-12.
7. Economic Migrants Replace Political Refugees see Table 1. Emigration Flows from Guatemala, 1960s through 2005. Retrieved on, 18 November 2014
8. "Largest U.S. Immigrant Groups over Time, 1960-Present". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
9. The 2000 U.S. Census recorded 480,665 Guatemalan-born respondents; see Smith (2006)
10. Smith, James (April 2006). "DRC Migration, Globalisation and Poverty". Used the Version 4 data.
11. Da, Wei Wei (2002). "Guatemalans in Canada: Contexts of Departure and Arrival" (PDF). Latin American Study Group. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
12. National population of the National Institute of Statistics (INE). demographic info 2010.
13. "Ancient Jewish Tradition of clothing".
14. "Ultra-orthodox Lev Tahor settlement has spurred tension in Guatemalan village, CIJA says".
15. "More Lev Tahor sect members leaving Canada for Guatemala".
16. Mara Loveman (1972). National Colors: Racial Classification and the State in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-933735-4. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
17. http://www.countriesquest.com/central_america/guatemala.htm
18. "GUATEMALA: DEL MESTIZAJE A LA LADINIZACION, 1524-1964" (PDF). CIRMA. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
19. "Belize" (PDF). 2010 Belize Housing and Population Census. Statistical Institute of Belize. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
20. "Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco" (PDF) (in Spanish). Latinobarómetro. April 2014. p. 6. Archived from the original (pdf) on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
21. El crecimiento de las Iglesias Evangélicas en Guatemala: Una mirada Socio-religiosa Guatemala, November 2010
22. United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
23. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Guatemala
24. http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR57/PR57.pdf
25. http://www.dhsprogram.com/What-We-Do/Survey-Search.cfm
26. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
27. http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores