White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia

White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
City
Nickname(s): Spa City
Motto: Home of the Greenbrier Resort

Location of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
Coordinates: 37°47′38″N 80°18′13″W / 37.79389°N 80.30361°W / 37.79389; -80.30361Coordinates: 37°47′38″N 80°18′13″W / 37.79389°N 80.30361°W / 37.79389; -80.30361
Country United States
State West Virginia
County Greenbrier
Government
 • Mayor Lloyd Haynes
 • City Council Bobby Sams
Bruce Bowling
GP Parker
Lynn Swann
Area[1]
 • Total 1.98 sq mi (5.13 km2)
 • Land 1.95 sq mi (5.05 km2)
 • Water 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2)
Elevation 1,857 ft (566 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 2,444
 • Estimate (2012[3]) 2,460
 • Density 1,253.3/sq mi (483.9/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 24986
Area code(s) Area code 304/681
FIPS code 54-86812[4]
GNIS feature ID 1555971[5]

White Sulphur Springs is a city in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,444 at the 2010 census.

Geography

White Sulphur Springs is located at 37°47′38″N 80°18′13″W / 37.79389°N 80.30361°W / 37.79389; -80.30361 (37.793975, -80.303538).[6]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.98 square miles (5.13 km2), of which, 1.95 sq mi (5.05 km2) is land and 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2) is water.[1] It is also within the National Radio Quiet Zone. Services with AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, United States Cellular, and Ntelos-Sprint is allowed within the area under lower tower frequencies.

Education

Employment

Service stations

Banks

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1910338—
1920837147.6%
19301,48477.3%
19402,09341.0%
19502,64326.3%
19602,6761.2%
19702,8697.2%
19803,37117.5%
19902,779−17.6%
20002,595−6.6%
20102,444−5.8%
Est. 20142,441[7]−0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 2,444 people, 1,131 households, and 647 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,253.3 inhabitants per square mile (483.9/km2). There were 1,414 housing units at an average density of 725.1/sq mi (280.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.7% White, 13.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 1,131 households of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.8% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.72.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 17.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 22.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.1% male and 53.9% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 2,315 people, 1,127 households, and 648 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,179.5 people per square mile (456.0/km²). There were 1,354 housing units at an average density of 689.9 per square mile (266.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 82.55% White, 14.95% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.04% of the population.

There were 1,127 households out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.72.

The age distribution was 19.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,694, and the median income for a family was $35,450. Males had a median income of $28,566 versus $19,868 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,822. About 15.7% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to White Sulphur Springs under the Cardinal route.

The Alleghany Subdivision of the main line of the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (now part of CSX) runs through White Sulphur Springs. At one time in its history it was part of the limestone flux cargo route from Hinton, West Virginia to Clifton Forge. Its affectionate nickname was "The Gravel Gertie" after the Dick Tracy character.

History

The Greenbrier

White Sulphur Springs grew in the first half of the nineteenth century as the southern "Queen of the Watering Places". The springs resort first became the standard summer destination for wealthy Virginia Low Country residents seeking reprieve from heat, humidity, and disease of the "sickly season". As its popularity increased and it gained status as a socially exclusive site, the springs attracted elite guests from all areas of the South.

The resort, now known as The Greenbrier, remains one of the country's most luxurious and exclusive resorts. For many years, Sam Snead was the resort's golf pro. The resort has another significant place in golf history; in 1979, it hosted the first Ryder Cup to feature the current competitive setup of the United States and European sides. Golf in the United States began near White Sulphur Springs when the Montague family founded Oakhurst Links in 1884, making it the oldest organized golf club in the country.

In 1992 the Washington Post reported that, during the Cold War, the resort had been the site of a "bunker", the Emergency Relocation Center, which was intended to house and protect the U.S. Congress in the event of a nuclear attack.[9]

Trivia

In 1987 the White Sulphur Springs Library was rebuilt from the old community house. The Library is being redeveloped as an educational resource and one of the hearts of the town.[10]

The town is featured as a US Army Center of Operations in the book Worldwar: In the Balance, by Harry Turtledove

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
  2. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
  3. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
  4. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  7. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Greenbrier", Washington Post, 25 July 1992
  10. ↑ White Sulphur Springs Public Library

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for White Sulphur Springs.
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