Zharkovsky District

Zharkovsky District Жарковский район (Russian)
Location of Zharkovsky District in Tver Oblast
Coordinates: 55°50′38″N 32°15′46″E / 55.84389°N 32.26278°ECoordinates: 55°50′38″N 32°15′46″E / 55.84389°N 32.26278°E
Coat of arms	Flag
Location
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tver Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of 2013)
Administrative center	urban-type settlement of Zharkovsky[1]
Administrative divisions:[2]
Urban settlements	1
Rural settlements	3
Inhabited localities:[2]
Urban-type settlements[3]	1
Rural localities	104
Municipal structure (as of May 2013)
Municipally incorporated as	Zharkovsky Municipal District[4]
Municipal divisions:[5]
Urban settlements	1
Rural settlements	3
Statistics
Area	1,625 km^2 (627 sq mi)[6]
Population (2010 Census)	6,132 inhabitants[7]
• Urban	65.5%
• Rural	34.5%
Density	3.77/km^2 (9.8/sq mi)[8]
Time zone	MSK (UTC+03:00)[9]
Official website
Zharkovsky District on WikiCommons

Zharkovsky District (Russian: Жарко́вский райо́н) is an administrative^[1] and municipal^[4] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Nelidovsky District in the north, Belsky District in the east, Dukhovshchinsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the southeast, Demidovsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the southwest, and with Zapadnodvinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,625 square kilometers (627 sq mi).^[6] Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Zharkovsky.^[1] Population: 6,132 (2010 Census);^[7] 7,631 (2002 Census);^[10] 10,763 (1989 Census).^[11] The population of the administrative center accounts for 65.5% of the district's total population.^[7]

Geography

The whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Daugava, known in Russia as the Western Dvina. The main tributary of the Western Dvina in the district is the Mezha, which crosses the district from east to west. In particular, the urban-type settlement of Zharkovsky is located on the banks of the Mezha. The main tributaries of the Mezha in the district are the Obsha, the Shesnitsa, and the Yelsha. Lake Shchuchye, the biggest lake in the district, belongs to the drainage basin of the Yelsha as well. The northern part of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Velesa, another left tributary of the Western Dvina, and its tributary, the Turosna. 69% of the district area is forested.^[6]

History

In the Middle Ages, the area was located on the border between Lithuanian and Russian lands, and intermittently changed affiliation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (later Poland) and a number of Russian principalities, including the Grand Duchy of Moscow, until in the 17th century it finally went to Moscow.^[12]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief periods between 1713 and 1726, when it belonged to Riga Governorate, and between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. It was split between Belsky Uyezd and Porechsky Uyezd.^[12]

On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and the area was included into Western Oblast and split between Belsky, Oktyabrsky, Ilyinsky, and Prechistensky Districts. Belsky District belonged to Rzhev Okrug, Ilyinsky and Oktyabrsky Districts belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug,^[13][14] whereas and Prechistensky District belonged to Smolensk Okrug. On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. In 1934, Prechistensky District was abolished, and part of its area was transferred to Ilyinsky District. On 29 January 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Oktyabrsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.^[13][15] On September 27, 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Smolensk and Oryol Oblasts. Belsky and Ilyinsky Districts were transferred to Smolensk Oblast. During World War II, in 1941—1943, the current area of the district was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, Belsky, Ilyinsky, and Oktyabrsky Districts were transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On 10 March 1945, Zharkovsky District with the center in the railway station of Zharki was established from the areas which previously belonged to Belsky, Ilyinsky, and Oktyabrsky Districts. In 1950, a number of villages were merged into the urban-type settlement of Zharkovsky, which became the administrative center of the district.^[16] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Zharkovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. On January 12, 1960 the district was abolished and split between Belsky, Nelidovsky, and Oktyabrsky Districts; on December 27, 1973 it was re-established.^[15] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.^[14]

Economy

Industry

The economy of the district is based on timber industry. There are also enterprises producing food and fertilizers.^[17]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as potato and vegetable growing.^[18]

Transportation

A railroad connects Zharkovsky railway station with the station of Zemtsy on the railway between Moscow and Riga. There is infrequent passenger traffic, two times per week as of 2015. The branch is not electrified.

A paved road connects Zharkovsky with Zapadnaya Dvina.

Culture and recreation

The district contains sixteen objects (one of them in Zharkovsky) classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. All of them are monuments to the soldiers fallen in the World War II.^[19]

In 2012, in the village of Shchuchye, the Northern Pike Museum was open. The village is located on the bank of Lake Shchuchye, and the name of both the village and the lake refers to the northern pike.^[20]

References

Notes

1. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 214», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 28 214, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
2. Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the administrative divisions of the district match those of the municipal formations the corresponding municipal district is subdivided into. Law #23-ZO contains the list of the municipal formations of Zharkovsky Municipal District. The counts of inhabited localities are per OKATO.
3. The count of urban-type settlements includes the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
4. Law #4-ZO
5. Law #23-ZO
6. "Общие сведения" (in Russian). Zharkovsky District Administration. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
7. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
8. The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
9. Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
10. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
11. Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
12. "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Zharkovsky District Administration. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
13. Воробьёв, М. В. (1993). Г. В. Туфанова, ed. Административно-территориальное деление Смоленской области (in Russian). Государственный архив Смоленской области. pp. 118–133.
14. Малыгин, П. Д.; Смирнов, С. Н. (2007). История административно-территориального деления Тверской Области (PDF). Tver. pp. 14–15. OCLC 540329541.
15. Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
16. "История Жарковского района" (in Russian). Toropets Land. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
17. "Промышленность" (in Russian). Zharkovsky District Administration. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
18. "Сельское хозяйство" (in Russian). Zharkovsky District Administration. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
19. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
20. "Музей Щуке" (in Russian). Toropets Land. Retrieved 5 August 2015.

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №23-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Жарковский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №33-ЗО от 30 мая 2013 г. «О представительных органах и главах вновь образованных муниципальных образований Тверской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Тверской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #23-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Zharkovsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #33-ZO of May 30, 2013 On the Representative Bodies and Heads of Newly Established Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast an on Amending Various Laws of Tver Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).