1-Hexanol

1-Hexanol
Names
IUPAC name
Hexan-1-ol[1]
Identifiers
111-27-3 YesY
969167
ChEMBL ChEMBL14085 YesY
ChemSpider 7812 YesY
EC Number 203-852-3
Jmol interactive 3D Image
MeSH 1-Hexanol
PubChem 8103
RTECS number MQ4025000
UNII 6CP2QER8GS YesY
UN number 2282
Properties
C6H14O
Molar mass 102.18 g·mol−1
Density .8136 g cm−3
Melting point −53 to −41 °C; −64 to −42 °F; 220 to 232 K
Boiling point 155 to 159 °C; 311 to 318 °F; 428 to 432 K
5.9 g/L (at 20 °C)
log P 1.858
Vapor pressure 100 Pa (at 25.6 °C)
1.4178 (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
243.2 J K−1 mol−1
287.4 J K−1 mol−1
−377.5 kJ mol−1
−3.98437 MJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 1084
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word WARNING
H302
Xn
R-phrases R22
S-phrases (S2), S24/25
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
2
1
0
Flash point 59 °C (138 °F; 332 K)
293 °C (559 °F; 566 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

1-Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both of which differing by the location of the hydroxyl group. Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH. It is used in the perfume industry.

Preparation

Hexanol is produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products.[2] An idealized synthesis is shown:

Al(C2H5)3 + 6C2H4 → Al(C6H13)3
Al(C6H13)3 + 1½O2 + 3H2O → 3HOC6H13 + Al(OH)3

The process generates a range of oligomers that are separated by distillation.

Alternative methods

Another method of preparation entails hydroformylation of 1-pentene followed by hydrogenation of the resulting aldehydes. This method is practiced in industry to produce mixtures of isomeric C6-alcohols, which are precursors to plasticizers.[2]

In principle, 1-hexene could be converted to 1-hexanol by hydroboration (diborane in tetrahydrofuran followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide):

This method is instructive and useful in laboratory synthesis but of no practical relevance because of the commercial availability of inexpensive 1-hexanol from ethylene.

Occurrence in Nature

1-Hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mown grass. Alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bees contain 1-hexanol.

See also

Cis-3-Hexenal, another volatile organic carbon biomolecule, is also considered responsible for the freshly mowed grass flavor.

References

  1. "1-hexanol - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  2. 1 2 Falbe, Jürgen; Bahrmann, Helmut; Lipps, Wolfgang; Mayer, Dieter (2005), "Alcohols, Aliphatic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_279.

External links

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