12th New Zealand Parliament
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The 12th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1893 general election in November and December of that year.
1893 general election
In the 1892 electoral redistribution, population shift to the North Island required the transfer of one seat from the South Island to the north. The resulting ripple effect saw every electorate established in 1890 have its boundaries altered, and 14 new electorates were established. Of those, eight electorates were established for the first time: Bay of Plenty, Otaki, Pareora, Patea, Riccarton, Waiapu, Waimea-Sounds, and Wellington Suburbs. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament: Caversham, Chalmers, Lyttelton, Rangitata, Waihemo, and Waipa.[1]
The 1893 general election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates, respectively.[2] A total of 74 MPs were elected; 30 represented North Island electorates, 40 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.[3] 302,997 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 75.3%.[2]
Sessions
The 12th Parliament sat for three sessions, and was prorogued on 14 November 1896.[4]
| Session | Opened | Adjouned |
|---|---|---|
| first | 21 June 1894 | 24 October 1894 |
| second | 20 June 1895 | 1 November 1895 |
| third | 11 June 1896 | 17 October 1896 |
Ministries
The Liberal Government of New Zealand had taken office on 24 January 1891.[5] John Ballance, who had been leading the Ballance Ministry, had died on 27 April 1893[6] and had been succeeded by the Seddon Ministry under Richard Seddon.[7] The Seddon Ministry remained in power for the whole term of this Parliament and held power until Seddon's death on 10 June 1906.[8]
Initial composition of the 12th Parliament
74 seats were created across 66 electorates. 62 electorates returned a single member and four electoral districts had three representatives each.[9] The Liberal party was the only established party structure at the time, many independent conservative MPs coalesced as a semi-formal Opposition under the leadership of William Russell.
Key
Liberal Independent Opposition Liberal-Labour
Table footnotes:
- ↑ Robert Thompson was an Independent in the previous Parliament
- ↑ Jackson Palmer was listed as Government in contemporary media, but as an Independent by Wilson
- ↑ The affiliation of many of the Māori candidates is unknown or uncertain
By-elections during 12th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 12th Parliament.
| Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitemata | 1894 | 9 April | Richard Monk | Election declared invalid | William Massey | ||
| Tuapeka | 1894 | 9 July | Vincent Pyke | Death | William Larnach | ||
| City of Auckland | 1895 | 24 July | George Grey | Resignation | Thomas Thompson | ||
| City of Christchurch | 1896 | 13 February | William Reeves | Appointed Agent-General | Charles Lewis | ||
Notes
- ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 59f.
- 1 2 "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
- ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 68.
- ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 40.
- ↑ McIvor, Timothy L. "Ballance, John 1839–1893". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ↑ Scholefield 1950, pp. 40–41.
- ↑ Hamer, David. "Seddon, Richard John - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ↑ "Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives - The General Election 1893". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1894. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
- ↑ "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- 1 2 "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ↑ "Electorate City of Auckland". Auckland Star XXIV (273). 17 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- 1 2 "Page 4 Advertisements Column 3". The Northern Advocate. 25 November 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ↑ "Public Notice". Bay of Plenty Times. 20 November 1893. p. 5. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ↑ "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXVIII (9544). 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ↑ "The General Elections". The Press L (8651). 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Borough Of Carterton". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.