2013 World Championships in Athletics

14th IAAF World Championships in Athletics
Чемпионат мира по лёгкой атлетике 2013
Host city Moscow, Russia
Nations participating 203 (on 206 set)[1]
Athletes participating 1,784
Events 47
Dates 10–18 August 2013
Main venue Luzhniki Stadium
<  2011 Daegu 2015 Beijing  >

The 14th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (or just Moscow 2013)[2] was an international athletics competition held in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. Russia won the most gold medals to top the table for the first time since 2001. It was also the first time ever the host nation took the top of the medal table. The United States won the most overall medals. With 1,784 athletes from 203 countries it was the biggest single sports event of the year.[3] The number of spectators for the evening sessions was 268,548 surpassing Daegu 2011.[4]

Jamaica's Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce both won three gold medals in the men's and women's 100 metres, 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay respectively to become the most successful athletes at the event. This achievement also earned Bolt the title of being the most successful athlete in the history of the World Championships with eight gold and two silver medals. Prior to the competition, four sprinters were banned on doping charges.[5]

Bidding process

When the seeking deadline passed on 1 December 2006, four candidate cities had confirmed their candidatures.[6] These were: Barcelona (Spain), Brisbane (Australia), Moscow (Russia) and Gothenburg (Sweden). The IAAF announced Moscow the winning candidate at the IAAF Council Meeting in Mombasa on 27 March 2007.[7]

Gothenburg backed out already in December, citing lack of financial support from the Swedish government.[8] Barcelona had a record of hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships. It was chosen over Madrid and Valencia, which were at one point outlined as possible candidates.[6] (Barcelona was later selected as the host for the 2010 European Athletics Championships).

Brisbane simultaneously bid for 2011 and 2013 World Championships with the primary focus being on the 2011 event.[9] Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre (formally ANZ Stadium) was the proposed venue. The venue previously hosted the 1982 Commonwealth Games and 2001 Goodwill Games.[10] It was also a failed bidder for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, which was eventually won by Berlin.

In the case of Moscow, Deputy Mayor Valery Vinogradov announced on 13 March 2006 that the city would bid for the 2011 Championships and suggested Luzhniki Stadium as venue. When the IAAF elected to decide the 2011 and 2013 events at the same meeting, Moscow added its name to the 2013 list. The city previously hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics (also at the Luzhniki Stadium) and the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships.[6]

Venue

Main venue was Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a capacity of 78,360 spectators.[11]

2013 World Championships Athletics panorama.

Event schedule

Event summary

Sparrow mascot of the event.[13]

The championships featured 3 championship records, 22 world leadings, 2 area records, 48 national records but no world records.[14] In addition to gold medals, individual winners received prize money of $60,000 where as members of winning relay teams received $20,000.[3]

Men

Usain Bolt of Jamaica moved to the top of the all-time World Championships medal table by winning three gold medals. He won the 100 metres, the 200 metres, and Jamaica won the 4x100 metre relay behind a strong anchor leg from Bolt who passed the United States' Justin Gatlin down the stretch. It was Bolt's second three gold performance at the World Championships. After the meet, his career total stood at 8 golds and 2 silvers, narrowly surpassing Carl Lewis' 8 golds, 1 silver, and 1 bronze.[15] Trinidad and Tobago's Jehue Gordon edged America's Michael Tinsley by a hundredth of a second to win the 400 metre hurdles. It was the first gold for Trinidad and Tobago since 1997. Serbia's Emir Bekrić took bronze in national record time. Félix Sánchez, competing for the Dominican Republic, also made the final of the event, marking his seventh consecutive World Championship 400 metre hurdles final.[16]

Great Britain's Mo Farah won the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres to become the second man in history to win both events at both the World Champions and the Olympics. The only man to do it previously was Kenenisa Bekele of Ethiopia.[17] Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda became the first non-Kenyan to win the marathon at the World Championships since 2005. It was also Uganda's first men's title in the history of the event. Kiprotich became only the second man, after Gezahegne Abera, to follow an Olympic marathon gold medal with a world championship marathon gold medal. Ethiopians Lelisa Desisa and Tadese Tola took second and third respectively.[18]

In the high jump, Bohdan Bondarenko set a Championship record of 2.41 (7'10.75") en route to a gold medal in a highly competitive final. Mutaz Essa Barshim of Qatar took second and Derek Drouin set a Canadian national record while winning bronze.[19]

Track

Usain Bolt of Jamaica, winner of the men's 100 metres, here during the heats.
Medalists of the 110 metres hurdles
Aleksandr Ivanov of Russia, winner of the 20 km (12 mi) walk
Mo Farah of Great Britain, winner of the 5,000m and 10,000m
Chronology: 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017
Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 metres
Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.77
WL
United States Justin Gatlin (USA) 9.85
SB
Jamaica Nesta Carter (JAM) 9.95
200 metres
Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 19.66
WL
Jamaica Warren Weir (JAM) 19.79
=PB
United States Curtis Mitchell (USA) 20.04
400 metres
United States LaShawn Merritt (USA) 43.74
WL,PB
United States Tony McQuay (USA) 44.40
PB
Dominican Republic Luguelín Santos (DOM) 44.52
SB
800 metres
Ethiopia Mohammed Aman (ETH) 1:43.31
SB
United States Nick Symmonds (USA) 1:43.55
SB
Djibouti Ayanleh Souleiman (DJI) 1:43.76
1500 metres
Kenya Asbel Kiprop (KEN) 3:36.28 United States Matthew Centrowitz, Jr. (USA) 3:36.78 South Africa Johan Cronje (RSA) 3:36.83
5000 metres
United Kingdom Mo Farah (GBR) 13:26.98 Ethiopia Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH) 13:27.26 Kenya Isiah Koech (KEN) 13:27.26
10,000 metres
United Kingdom Mo Farah (GBR) 27:21.71
SB
Ethiopia Ibrahim Jeilan (ETH) 27:22.23
SB
Kenya Paul Tanui (KEN) 27:22.61
Marathon
Uganda Stephen Kiprotich (UGA) 2:09:51 Ethiopia Lelisa Desisa (ETH) 2:10:12 Ethiopia Tadese Tola (ETH) 2:10:23
110 metres hurdles
United States David Oliver (USA) 13.00
WL
United States Ryan Wilson (USA) 13.13 Russia Sergey Shubenkov (RUS) 13.24
400 metres hurdles
Trinidad and Tobago Jehue Gordon (TRI) 47.69
WL, NR
United States Michael Tinsley (USA) 47.70
PB
Serbia Emir Bekrić (SRB) 48.05
NR
3000 metres steeplechase
Kenya Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN) 8:06.01 Kenya Conseslus Kipruto (KEN) 8:06.37 France Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad (FRA) 8:07.86
20 kilometres walk
Russia Aleksandr Ivanov (RUS) 1:20:58
PB
China Chen Ding (CHN) 1:21:09
SB
Spain Miguel Ángel López (ESP) 1:21:21
SB
50 kilometres walk
Republic of Ireland Robert Heffernan (IRL) 3:37:56
WL
Russia Mikhail Ryzhov (RUS) 3:38:58
PB
Australia Jared Tallent (AUS) 3:40:03
SB
4 × 100 metres relay
 Jamaica
Nesta Carter
Kemar Bailey-Cole
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt
Oshane Bailey*
Warren Weir*
37.36
WL
 United States
Charles Silmon
Mike Rodgers
Rakieem Salaam
Justin Gatlin
37.66  Canada
Gavin Smellie
Aaron Brown
Dontae Richards-Kwok
Justyn Warner
37.92
SB
4 × 400 metres relay
 United States
David Verburg
Tony McQuay
Arman Hall
LaShawn Merritt
Joshua Mance*
James Harris*
2:58.71
WL
 Jamaica
Rusheen McDonald
Edino Steele
Omar Johnson
Javon Francis
Javere Bell*
2:59.88
SB
 Russia
Maksim Dyldin
Lev Mosin
Sergey Petukhov
Vladimir Krasnov


2:59.90
SB

WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)
* Medalists who participated in heats only.

Field

Raphael Holzdeppe and Björn Otto of Germany, the gold and bronze medalist of the men's pole vault.
Ashton Eaton of United States, winner of the men's decathlon.
Chronology: 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017
Event Gold Silver Bronze
High jump
Ukraine Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR) 2.41
WL,CR, =NR
Qatar Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) 2.38 Canada Derek Drouin (CAN) 2.38
NR
Pole vault
Germany Raphael Holzdeppe (GER) 5.89 France Renaud Lavillenie (FRA) 5.89 Germany Björn Otto (GER) 5.82
Long jump
Russia Aleksandr Menkov (RUS) 8.56
WL,NR
Netherlands Ignisious Gaisah (NED) 8.29
NR
Mexico Luis Rivera (MEX) 8.27
Triple jump
France Teddy Tamgho (FRA) 18.04
WL,NR
Cuba Pedro Pablo Pichardo (CUB) 17.68 United States Will Claye (USA) 17.52
SB
Shot put
Germany David Storl (GER) 21.73
SB
United States Ryan Whiting (USA) 21.57 Canada Dylan Armstrong (CAN) 21.34
SB
Discus throw
Germany Robert Harting (GER) 69.11 Poland Piotr Małachowski (POL) 68.36 Estonia Gerd Kanter (EST) 65.19
Javelin throw
Czech Republic Vítězslav Veselý (CZE) 87.17 Finland Tero Pitkämäki (FIN) 87.07 Russia Dmitriy Tarabin (RUS) 86.23
Hammer throw
Poland Paweł Fajdek (POL) 81.97
WL,PB
Hungary Krisztián Pars (HUN) 80.30 Czech Republic Lukáš Melich (CZE) 79.36
Decathlon
United States Ashton Eaton (USA) 8809
WL
Germany Michael Schrader (GER) 8670
PB
Canada Damian Warner (CAN) 8512
PB

WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Women

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce became the first woman in World Championships history to sweep the sprint events when anchored Jamaica to gold in the 4x100 metre relay. Jamaica's time of 41.29 set a Championships record. Earlier in the meet, Fraser-Pryce won the 100 metres and the 200 metres.[15] In the final of the 200 metres, Allyson Felix tore her right hamstring. A photo-finish gave Murielle Ahoure of the Ivory Coast the silver over Nigeria's Blessing Okagbare after both finished in the same time.[17]

Great Britain's Christine Ohuruogu won the 400 metres in a national record time of 49.41. She came from behind to edge out defending champion Amantle Montsho of Botswana by 4 thousands of a second in a photo finish.[20] Zuzana Hejnova won gold and set a Czech national record in the 400 metre hurdles.[16] Eunice Sum of Kenya won her first major title, besting Olympic champion Mariya Savinova of Russia in the 800 metres.[15]

Russia's 4 × 400 m relay won the gold medal by defeating the United States by 0.22 seconds. The United States suffered a time-wasting exchange on the final leg.[18]

Russia's Tatyana Lysenko set a World Championships record in the hammer throw en route to the gold.[17] Caterine Ibargüen won Colombia's first ever World Championship gold by finishing first in the triple jump.[16] Christina Obergföll of Germany won her first World Championships title in javelin.[15]

Track

Christine Ohuruogu of Great Britain, winner of the 400 metres
Edna Kiplagat after winning the marathon
Chronology: 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017
Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 metres
Jamaica Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) 10.71
WL
Ivory Coast Murielle Ahouré (CIV) 10.93 United States Carmelita Jeter (USA) 10.94
200 metres
Jamaica Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) 22.17
Ivory Coast Murielle Ahouré (CIV) 22.32 Nigeria Blessing Okagbare (NGR) 22.32
400 metres
United Kingdom Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) 49.41
NR
Botswana Amantle Montsho (BOT) 49.41 Russia Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS) 49.78
800 metres
Kenya Eunice Jepkoech Sum (KEN) 1:57.38
PB
Russia Mariya Savinova (RUS) 1:57.80
SB
United States Brenda Martinez (USA) 1:57.91
PB
1500 metres
Sweden Abeba Aregawi (SWE) 4:02.67 United States Jennifer Simpson (USA) 4:02.99 Kenya Hellen Onsando Obiri (KEN) 4:03.86
5000 metres
Ethiopia Meseret Defar (ETH) 14:50.19 Kenya Mercy Cherono (KEN) 14:51.22 Ethiopia Almaz Ayana (ETH) 14:51.33
10,000 metres
Ethiopia Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH) 30:43.35 Kenya Gladys Cherono (KEN) 30:45.17 Ethiopia Belaynesh Oljira (ETH) 30:46.98
Marathon
Kenya Edna Kiplagat (KEN) 2:25:44 Italy Valeria Straneo (ITA) 2:25:58
SB
Japan Kayoko Fukushi (JPN) 2:27:45
100 metres hurdles
United States Brianna Rollins (USA) 12.44 Australia Sally Pearson (AUS) 12.50
SB
United Kingdom Tiffany Porter (GBR) 12.55
PB
400 metres hurdles
Czech Republic Zuzana Hejnová (CZE) 52.83
WL,NR
United States Dalilah Muhammad (USA) 54.09 United States Lashinda Demus (USA) 54.27
3000 metres steeplechase
Kenya Milcah Chemos Cheywa (KEN) 9:11.65
WL
Kenya Lydiah Chepkurui (KEN) 9:12.55
PB
Ethiopia Sofia Assefa (ETH) 9:12.84
SB
20 kilometres walk
Russia Elena Lashmanova (RUS) 1:27:08 Russia Anisya Kirdyapkina (RUS) 1:27:11 China Liu Hong (CHN) 1:28:10
4 × 100 metres relay
 Jamaica (JAM)
Carrie Russell
Kerron Stewart
Schillonie Calvert
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
41.29
WL,CR
 United States (USA)
Jeneba Tarmoh
Alexandria Anderson
English Gardner
Octavious Freeman
42.75  Great Britain (GBR)
Dina Asher-Smith
Ashleigh Nelson
Annabelle Lewis
Hayley Jones
42.87
4 × 400 metres relay
 Russia (RUS)
Yuliya Gushchina
Tatyana Firova
Kseniya Ryzhova
Antonina Krivoshapka
Natalya Antyukh*
3:20.19
WL
 United States (USA)
Jessica Beard
Natasha Hastings
Ashley Spencer
Francena McCorory
Joanna Atkins*
3:20.41
SB
 Great Britain (GBR)
Eilidh Child
Shana Cox
Margaret Adeoye
Christine Ohuruogu

3:22.61
SB

WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)
* Runners who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Field

Chronology: 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017
Women jump event winners
Caterine Ibargüen (COL) won the women's triple jump
Caterine Ibargüen (COL), triple jump
Svetlana Shkolina (RUS) won the women's high jump
Svetlana Shkolina (RUS), high jump
Brittney Reese (USA) won the women's long jump
Brittney Reese (USA), long jump
Event Gold Silver Bronze
High jump
Russia Svetlana Shkolina (RUS) 2.03
PB
United States Brigetta Barrett (USA) 2.00 Russia Anna Chicherova (RUS)
Spain Ruth Beitia (ESP)
1.97
Pole vault
Russia Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS) 4.89
SB
United States Jenn Suhr (USA) 4.82 Cuba Yarisley Silva (CUB) 4.82
Long jump
United States Brittney Reese (USA) 7.01 Nigeria Blessing Okagbare (NGR) 6.99 Serbia Ivana Španović (SRB) 6.82
NR
Triple jump
Colombia Caterine Ibargüen (COL) 14.85
WL
Russia Ekaterina Koneva (RUS) 14.81 Ukraine Olha Saladuha (UKR) 14.65
Shot put
New Zealand Valerie Adams (NZL) 20.88 Germany Christina Schwanitz (GER) 20.41
PB
China Gong Lijiao (CHN) 19.95
Discus throw
Croatia Sandra Perković (CRO) 67.99 France Mélina Robert-Michon (FRA) 66.28
NR
Cuba Yarelys Barrios (CUB) 64.96
Hammer throw
Russia Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) 78.80
WL,CR,NR
Poland Anita Włodarczyk (POL) 78.46
NR
China Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) 75.58
SB
Javelin throw
Germany Christina Obergföll (GER) 69.05
SB
Australia Kimberley Mickle (AUS) 66.60
PB
Russia Mariya Abakumova (RUS) 65.09
Heptathlon
Ukraine Hanna Melnychenko (UKR) 6586
PB
Canada Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN) 6530
PB
Netherlands Dafne Schippers (NED) 6477
NR

WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Reference:[21]

Statistics

Medals

A total of 47 sets of medals were distributed between 38 countries.[22][n 1] Russia topped the medal table for the first time since 2001 with seven gold medals won, followed by the United States and Jamaica with six gold medals each. It was the first time since 1987 that the United States did not at least tie for the most gold medals.[n 2] In the overall medal count, the United States won 25 medals in total, followed by Russia with 17 and Kenya with 12.[15]

Flag parade during opening ceremony
Scene from the opening ceremony
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Russia (RUS)74617
2 United States (USA)614525
3 Jamaica (JAM)6219
4 Kenya (KEN)54312
5 Germany (GER)4217
6 Ethiopia (ETH)33410
7 Great Britain (GBR)3036
8 Czech Republic (CZE)2013
 Ukraine (UKR)2013
10 France (FRA)1214
11 Poland (POL)1203
12 Colombia (COL)1001
 Croatia (CRO)1001
 Ireland (IRL)1001
 New Zealand (NZL)1001
 Sweden (SWE)1001
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)1001
 Uganda (UGA)1001
19 Australia (AUS)0213
20 Ivory Coast (CIV)0202
21 Canada (CAN)0145
22 China (CHN)0134
23 Cuba (CUB)0123
24 Netherlands (NED)0112
 Nigeria (NGR)0112
26 Botswana (BOT)0101
 Finland (FIN)0101
 Hungary (HUN)0101
 Italy (ITA)0101
 Qatar (QAT)0101
31 Serbia (SRB)0022
 Spain (ESP)0022
33 Djibouti (DJI)0011
 Dominican Republic (DOM)0011
 Estonia (EST)0011
 Japan (JPN)0011
 Mexico (MEX)0011
 South Africa (RSA)0011
Total 474748142

Points

The IAAF Placing Table assigns eight points to the first place and so on to the eight finalists (except teams that do not start or are disqualified). 60 IAAF members received points.[23]

RankCountry1st2nd3rd45678Pts
1  United States (USA) 6 14 5 9 6 9 2 6 282
2  Russia (RUS) 7 4 6 1 8 1 9 5 183
3  Kenya (KEN) 5 4 3 6 2 3 3 0 139
4  Germany (GER) 4 2 1 7 2 1 1 2 102
5  Jamaica (JAM) 6 2 1 4 2 0 0 4 100
6  Ethiopia (ETH) 3 3 4 2 3 0 2 2 97
7  Great Britain (GBR) 3 0 3 2 5 1 1 2 79
8  Ukraine (UKR) 2 0 1 2 2 1 4 0 51
9  France (FRA) 1 2 1 2 0 0 5 2 50
10  Poland (POL) 1 2 0 1 0 4 2 1 44
11  China (CHN) 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 1 42
12  Canada (CAN) 0 1 4 0 0 3 0 1 41
13  Czech Republic (CZE) 2 0 1 0 2 0 3 2 38
14  Cuba (CUB) 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 32
15  Japan (JPN) 0 0 1 1 2 4 0 0 31
16  Australia (AUS) 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 27
17  Netherlands (NED) 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 24
 Spain (ESP) 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0
19  Brazil (BRA) 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 19
 Italy (ITA) 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1
 Nigeria (NGR) 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0
22  South Africa (RSA) 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 18
23  Ivory Coast (CIV) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 14
24  Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 13
25  Serbia (SRB) 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 12
 Sweden (SWE) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
27  Dominican Republic (DOM) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 10
 Finland (FIN) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
29  Belgium (BEL) 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 9
30  Bahamas (BAH) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 8
 Colombia (COL) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Croatia (CRO) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Hungary (HUN) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
 Ireland (IRL) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Mexico (MEX) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
 New Zealand (NZL) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Uganda (UGA) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
38  Botswana (BOT) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
 Qatar (QAT) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
40  Djibouti (DJI) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
 Estonia (EST) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
 Portugal (POR) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
43  Belarus (BLR) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
 Romania (ROU) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
 Slovakia (SVK) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
 Slovenia (SLO) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
47  Norway (NOR) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4
 Saudi Arabia (KSA) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
 Tajikistan (TJK) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
50  Bahrain (BHR) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
 Israel (ISR) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
 Puerto Rico (PUR) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
53  Argentina (ARG) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
 Grenada (GRN) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
 India (IND) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
 Senegal (SEN) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
57  Bulgaria (BUL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
 Egypt (EGY) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
 Eritrea (ERI) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
 North Korea (PRK) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Total 47474846484647431690

   Host.

Participating nations

206 countries (or more accurately, IAAF members) participated with a total of 1974 athletes. The biggest delegation was the one of USA with 137 athletes. The number of athletes sent per nation is show in parentheses.

Reference:[24]

Broadcasting

American coverage

In the United States the IAAF sold exclusive rights to Universal Sports, a network associated with NBC Sports.[28] Universal Sports can only be seen in about ten percent of the households in the American market.[29][30] While NBC provided an hour and a half of coverage on weekend days, Universal Sports limited other distribution of the content, even online content requiring login with cable subscription user names.[31] For those viewers without access to Universal Sports, nationwide coverage of the entire meet was generally limited to six hours of weekend coverage. The IAAF provided short YouTube highlight clips,[32] a fraction of the online coverage they provided from Daegu two years earlier, instead promoting an internet radio feed and Twitter updates.

Controversies

Emma Green Tregaro (SWE) painted her nails in support of gays.

The introduction of a Russia federal law in June banning "homosexual propaganda" affected the championships hosted in Moscow. Western and international bodies had already condemned the move prior to the event, which was scheduled several months prior to the more prominent 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.[33] The IAAF deputy secretary general, Nick Davies, stated that the international nature of the competition might alter the country's perspective, but that the matter of gay rights would not be addressed by the championships, as long as its athletes were unaffected.[34] Russian politician Vitaly Milonov had previously stated that the law would apply to athletes and tourists in the same way as Russian citizens.[35] He also said those suggesting a boycott of the championships in protest of the laws were merely avoiding their competitors, saying "sports competitions are a place where there can't be any politics".[36]

Several athletes voiced their concerns over the issue of gay rights in Russia, but none boycotted the event. American runner Nick Symmonds, a supporter of the NOH8 Campaign for equal rights, said he would respect the host nation and its laws and would focus on sporting competition only in Moscow. However, he maintained his position as an advocate of gay rights and would silently dedicate his performance "to my gay and lesbian friends back home".[37]

Two Swedish athletes, high jumper Emma Green Tregaro and sprinter Moa Hjelmer, attracted attention when they painted their nails in a rainbow pattern in support of gay rights and displayed the colours during the qualifying rounds.[38][39] The IAAF notified the Swedish Athletics Federation that this gesture was in breach of rules on athlete conduct. The Swedish officials stood by Green Tregaro, but she relented under the pressure – in the high jump finals, she sported all red nails as a symbol of love.[18][40] While watching the high jump finals, Paavo Arhinmäki, the Finnish Minister for Culture and Sport, waved a rainbow flag at the arena.[41] Hjelmer had been eliminated in the first round of the 200 metres and did not compete again at the championships.[42]

Yelena Isinbayeva's (RUS) who caused controversy

Russia's Yelena Isinbayeva was a popular winner in the women's pole vault, but later drew controversy for her remarks criticizing Green Tregaro's nails.[16] She said the protests were disrespectful towards the host nation and commented in English: "We consider ourselves like normal, standard people, we just live boys with women, girls with boys...We have our law which everyone has to respect. When we go to different countries, we try to follow their rules."[43] Following the negative reactions from other athletes and Western media she said that she had been misunderstood due to her grasp of English: "What I wanted to say was that people should respect the laws of other countries particularly when they are guests. But let me make it clear I respect the views of my fellow athletes, and let me state in the strongest terms that I am opposed to any discrimination against gay people on the grounds of their sexuality (which is against the Olympic Charter)."[44]

During the medal ceremony for the women's 4×400 metres relay images of Kseniya Ryzhova and Yuliya Gushchina[n 3] sharing a kiss on the lips spread through social media and were interpreted as a protest against the anti-gay laws.[45][46] Both Ryzhova and Gushchina denied any intention to make such a protest, rather they were simply happy with their athletic success, and stated that they were married to men.[47] Although reports were principally focused on the pair, all four of the Russia relay runners briefly kissed each other on the podium.[48] Ryzhova described her assumed connection to LGBT as insulting.[49] The Russian Minister for Sport, Vitaly Mutko, said that Western media had over-emphasised the issue, noting that same-sex relations are not illegal in Russia and sparser coverage of the issue in domestic media.[50]

Anti-doping

Russia's 2012 Olympic discus medallist Darya Pishchalnikova was among those banned for doping prior to the championships

At the championships the IAAF collected blood samples from all participating athletes, following the procedure introduced at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, in line with supporting its Athlete Biological Passport programme. This assisted the federation in detecting athlete's potential usage of banned substances, including steroids, human growth hormone, EPO and blood doping. In addition to the mandatory blood tests, the IAAF also conducted around 500 urine tests at the championships in three groups: all medallists were subjected to urine tests, those showing biological passport anomalies were targeted, and random urine tests were also applied. Continuing with procedures initiated at the 2005 edition, all urine tests were scheduled for long-term storage to allow retrospective testing in future. All athlete samples were processed at the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.[51][52]

In the months preceding the event around 40 Russian athletes received doping bans. The most prominent of these were Darya Pishchalnikova (discus runner-up at the 2012 Summer Olympics) and Olga Kuzenkova (former Olympic and world champion in the hammer throw). The Russian Athletics Federation president Valentin Balakhnichev defended the bans as proof of the increasing effectiveness of RUSADA (the Russian Anti-Doping Agency) which was only formed three years previously.[53]

A month before the competition The Mail on Sunday, a British newspaper, carried out an investigation and published the fact that the head of the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory, Grigory Rodchenkov, had been arrested on charges of drug distribution but the case against him had been dropped. His sister was convicted of purchasing banned drugs with the intention to supply them to athletes. Former Russian coach Oleg Popov and 400 metres runner Valentin Kruglyakov stated that athletes were ordered to dope and paid officials to conceal their positive tests.[54] The coach of the national athletics team, Valentin Maslakov, noted that Kruglyakov had previously tested positive for drugs and that Popov coached Lada Chernova, who had twice tested positive. He also stated that RUSADA and its labs were independent from the national sports federations.[55]

Outside of Russia, three of the world's top sprinters had positive tests during the buildup: Asafa Powell, Tyson Gay and Veronica Campbell-Brown.[56]

The drug testing results from the competition revealed several athletes had been using performance-enhancing drugs. The fifth-place finisher in the men's javelin, Roman Avramenko of Ukraine, tested positive for 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (a steroid), as did Turkmenistan's Yelena Ryabova (a competitor in the women's 200 m). Another 200 m runner, Yelyzaveta Bryzgina, also of Ukraine, was banned for the steroid drostanolone. Afghan 100 m runner Masoud Azizi had nandrolone in his sample. Two athletes in the walking events, Ayman Kozhakhmetova and Ebrahim Rahimian, failed their tests for EPO, as did Guatemala's marathon runner Jeremias Saloj.[57]

Athlete desertion

Orlando Ortega, a Cuban athlete who competes in the 110 metres hurdles deserted his national delegation during the championships and did not return to Cuba at its conclusion.[58] Ortega had received a six-month ban from the Cuban Athletics Federation earlier in the season for unspecified disciplinary reasons. Valentin Balakhnichev, the president of the Russian Athletics Federation, stated that he had had no contact from the athlete and in any case the federation was not looking to recruit him.[59]

Notes

  1. Two bronze medals were awarded in women's high jump.
  2. USA have won 10 times where as GDR and RUS have won two times each.
  3. Several sources misidentified the pictures of Gushchina as fellow relay medallist Tatyana Firova.[45][46]

See also

References

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