1864 Democratic National Convention
|
1864 presidential election | |
|
Nominees McClellan and Pendleton | |
| Convention | |
|---|---|
| Date(s) | August 29–August 31, 1864 |
| City | Chicago, Illinois |
| Venue | The Amphitheater |
| Candidates | |
| Presidential nominee |
George B. McClellan of New Jersey |
| Vice Presidential nominee |
George H. Pendleton of Ohio |
The 1864 Democratic National Convention was held at The Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois.[1]
The Convention nominated Major General George B. McClellan from New Jersey for President, and Representative George H. Pendleton of Ohio for Vice President. McClellan, age 37 at the time of the convention and Pendleton, age 39, are the youngest presidential ticket ever nominated as of 2012.
The Convention
The Democratic Party was bitterly split between the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats. Also making matters complicated were the factions that existed among the Peace Democrats. Moderate Peace Democrats who supported the war against the Confederacy, such as Horatio Seymour, were preaching the wisdom of a negotiated peace. After Gettysburg, when it was clear the South could no longer win the war, moderate Peace Democrats proposed a negotiated peace that would secure Union victory. They believed this was the best course of action because an armistice could finish the war without destroying the South.[2] Radical Peace Democrats known as Copperheads, such as Thomas H. Seymour, declared the war to be a failure and favored an immediate end to hostilities without securing Union victory.[3]
Presidential Nomination
Declined
General George B. McClellan and former Connecticut Governor Thomas H. Seymour vied for the presidential nomination. In addition, friends of Horatio Seymour insisted on placing his name before the Convention. But on the day before the organization of that body, Horatio Seymour announced positively that he would not be a candidate.[4] Nonetheless, a portion of the Illinois delegation placed Seymour's name in nomination during the convention. Seymour, the permanent chairman at the Democratic National Convention, declared that the Illinois delegate was "not in order" since a different motion was already under discussion.[5]
Other candidates were placed in nomination before eventually being withdrawn. Senator Lazarus W. Powell was placed in nomination by the Delaware delegation, but Mr. Powell personally asked that his name be withdrawn since he believed the eventual Democratic presidential candidate "should come from one of the non-slaveholding States".[6] Amid "great applause", a portion of the Kentucky delegation placed the name of Former President Franklin Pierce before the convention.[7] But Pierce's name was withdrawn from consideration when a delegate revealed that he had received both written and verbal instructions from the former president stating that he did not wish to be presented as a candidate.[8]
After a revised first ballot, McClellan, a War Democrat, was nominated over the Copperhead Thomas H. Seymour. The motion to have McClellan's nomination be declared unanimous was carried.
| Presidential Ballot | |||
| 1st | 1st Revised | Unanimous | |
|---|---|---|---|
| George B. McClellan | 174 | 202.5 | 226 |
| Thomas H. Seymour | 38 | 23.5 | |
| Horatio Seymour | 12 | 0 | |
| Blank | 1.5 | 0 | |
| Charles O'Conor | 0.5 | 0 | |
Vice Presidential Candidates
Declined
Since the Democrats were divided by issues of war and peace, anti-war Representative George H. Pendleton was nominated for vice-president. Pendleton, a close associate of the Copperhead Clement Vallandigham, balanced the ticket since he was known for having strongly opposed the Union war effort.[9]
| Vice Presidential Ballot | |||
| 1st Before Shifts | 1st After Shifts | 2nd Ballot | |
|---|---|---|---|
| George H. Pendleton | 55.5 | 124.5 | 226 |
| James Guthrie | 65.5 | 27 | 0 |
| Lazarus W. Powell | 32.5 | 26 | 0 |
| George W. Cass | 26 | 26 | 0 |
| John D. Caton | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Daniel W. Voorhees | 13 | 13 | 0 |
| Augustus C. Dodge | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| John S. Phelps | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Blank | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
The convention then adopted a peace platform[10] — a platform McClellan personally rejected.[11] McClellan supported the continuation of the war and restoration of the Union, but the party platform, written by Copperhead Clement Vallandigham, was opposed to this position.
References
- ↑ "The 1864 Democratic National Convention". Chicago Historical Society. 1999. Archived from the original on 4 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ↑ They Also Ran
- ↑ The American Pageant
- ↑ The Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour: Together with a Complete and Authentic Life of Francis P. Blair, Jr (Pg. 180)
- ↑ Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention, held in 1864 at Chicago (Pg. 38)
- ↑ Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention, held in 1864 at Chicago (Pg. 29)
- ↑ Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention, held in 1864 at Chicago (Pg. 29-30)
- ↑ Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention, held in 1864 at Chicago (Pg. 36)
- ↑
- ↑ "1864 Democratic Platform". Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ↑ "George B. McClellan". Ohio History Central. Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
Bibliography
External links
- Democratic Party Platform of 1864 at The American Presidency Project
| Preceded by 1860 |
Democratic National Conventions | Succeeded by 1868 |