ALDH1A2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2
PDB rendering based on 1bi9.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1bi9​
Identifiers
Symbols	ALDH1A2 ; RALDH(II); RALDH2; RALDH2-T
External IDs	OMIM: 603687 MGI: 107928 HomoloGene: 68368 GeneCards: ALDH1A2 Gene
EC number	1.2.1.36
Gene ontology Molecular function • retinal dehydrogenase activity • 3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity • aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity • retinal binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • blood vessel development • kidney development • liver development • regulation of endothelial cell proliferation • heart morphogenesis • vitamin A metabolic process • midgut development • positive regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • determination of bilateral symmetry • anterior/posterior pattern specification • proximal/distal pattern formation • positive regulation of gene expression • neural crest cell development • morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium • neural tube development • pituitary gland development • neuron differentiation • lung development • hindbrain development • pancreas development • embryonic camera-type eye development • response to estradiol • response to vitamin A • response to cytokine • embryonic forelimb morphogenesis • ureter maturation • retinol metabolic process • retinoic acid metabolic process • retinal metabolic process • 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process • positive regulation of apoptotic process • retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway • embryonic digestive tract development • cardiac muscle tissue development • oxidation-reduction process • face development • cellular response to retinoic acid Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8854	19378
Ensembl	ENSG00000128918	ENSMUSG00000013584
UniProt	O94788	Q62148
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001206897	NM_009022
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001193826	NP_033048
Location (UCSC)	Chr 15: 57.95 – 58.5 Mb	Chr 9: 71.22 – 71.3 Mb
PubMed search

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2, also known as ALDH1A2 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A2 gene.^[1][2]

This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. The product of this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinaldehyde. Retinoic acid, the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is a paracrine hormone signaling molecule that functions in developing and adult tissues.^[3] The studies of a similar mouse gene suggest that this enzyme and the cytochrome CYP26A1, concurrently establish local embryonic retinoic acid levels that facilitate posterior organ development and prevent spina bifida. Three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[2]

References

1. Ono Y, Fukuhara N, Yoshie O (Dec 1998). "TAL1 and LIM-Only Proteins Synergistically Induce Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Expression in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Acting as Cofactors for GATA3". Mol Cell Biol 18 (12): 6939–50. PMC 109277. PMID 9819382.
2. "Entrez Gene: ALDH1A2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2".
3. Duester G (September 2008). "Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during Early Organogenesis". Cell 134 (6): 921–31. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.002. PMC 2632951. PMID 18805086.

Further reading

• Wang X, Penzes P, Napoli JL (1996). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase and its expression in Escherichia coli. Recognition of retinal as substrate". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (27): 16288–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.27.16288. PMID 8663198.
• Zhao D, McCaffery P, Ivins KJ; et al. (1996). "Molecular identification of a major retinoic-acid-synthesizing enzyme, a retinaldehyde-specific dehydrogenase". Eur. J. Biochem. 240 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0015h.x. PMID 8797830.
• Niederreither K, Subbarayan V, Dollé P, Chambon P (1999). "Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is essential for early mouse post-implantation development". Nat. Genet. 21 (4): 444–8. doi:10.1038/7788. PMID 10192400.
• Niederreither K, Abu-Abed S, Schuhbaur B; et al. (2002). "Genetic evidence that oxidative derivatives of retinoic acid are not involved in retinoid signaling during mouse development". Nat. Genet. 31 (1): 84–8. doi:10.1038/ng876. PMID 11953746.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Anderson NL, Polanski M, Pieper R; et al. (2004). "The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources". Mol. Cell Proteomics 3 (4): 311–26. doi:10.1074/mcp.M300127-MCP200. PMID 14718574.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Deak KL, Dickerson ME, Linney E; et al. (2006). "Analysis of ALDH1A2, CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CRABP1, and CRABP2 in human neural tube defects suggests a possible association with alleles in ALDH1A2". Birth Defects Res. Part a Clin. Mol. Teratol. 73 (11): 868–75. doi:10.1002/bdra.20183. PMID 16237707.
• Ribes V, Wang Z, Dollé P, Niederreither K (2006). "Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)-mediated retinoic acid synthesis regulates early mouse embryonic forebrain development by controlling FGF and sonic hedgehog signaling". Development 133 (2): 351–61. doi:10.1242/dev.02204. PMID 16368932.