Audi R18

Audi R18 TDI
Audi R18 ultra
Audi R18 e-tron quattro

2015 R18 in low-downforce configuration at the Goodwood Festival of Speed.
Category	LMP1-H
Constructor	Audi AG
Designer(s)	Ulrich Baretzky
Predecessor	Audi R15 TDI
Technical specifications
Chassis	Carbon fibre and Aluminum monocoque, CFC rear crash structure
Suspension (front)	Independent double-wishbone push rod system
Suspension (rear)	Independent double-wishbone pull rod system
Length	4,650 millimetres (183 in)
Width	2,000 millimetres (79 in) 1,900 millimetres (75 in) (2014, 2015)
Height	1,030 millimetres (41 in) 1,050 millimetres (41 in) (2014, 2015)
Engine	Audi TDI 2011-2013: 3.7 litre 2014 onwards: 4.0 litre V6 turbodiesel, mid-engined, longitudinally mounted
Transmission	S-tronic 6-speed 2014: 7-speed sequential manual Limited-slip rear differential
Weight	900 kilograms (2,000 lb) 2013: 915 kilograms (2,017 lb) 2014: 870 kilograms (1,920 lb)
Fuel	Diesel/Hybrid
Tyres	Michelin
Competition history
Notable entrants	Audi Sport Team Joest Audi Sport North America
Debut	2011 1000 km Spa
Races Wins Poles F.Laps 33 16 14 16
Constructors' Championships	2 (2012 FIA WEC, 2013 FIA WEC)
Drivers' Championships	2 (2012 FIA WEC, 2013 FIA WEC)

The Audi R18 is a Le Mans Prototype (LMP) racing car constructed by the German car manufacturer Audi AG. It is the successor to the Audi R15 TDI. Like its predecessor, the R18 uses a TDI turbocharged diesel engine but with a reduced capacity of 3.7 litres and in a V6 configuration. For the first time since the 1999 R8C, Audi's Le Mans prototype uses a closed cockpit design. The R18 is also the first racing car from Audi to feature hybrid power.

Although Audi have previously given each new developed model of endurance racing car a distinct model number the head of Audi Sport, Wolfgang Ullrich, suggests the R18 designation for Audi endurance racing cars could be used for the foreseeable future^[1] as a result of rival car manufacturer Renault already holding trademarks for car model names R19 through to R35. There have been five further evolutions of R18 since the original spec introduced in 2011, the latest is the 2016 spec which will compete in the 2016 World Endurance Championship.

2011: R18 TDI Ultra

Audi R18 TDI Ultra at the 1000km of Spa 2011, its debut race.

As the new rules for Le Mans in 2011 the car features a stabilisation fin on the engine cover and has a new six-speed gearbox. The new gearbox is electrically controlled instead of pneumatically controlled, saving weight by eliminating the pneumatic system. Despite the capacity reduction, the 3.7L V6 is claimed to develop more than 397 kilowatts (532 bhp) of power. This is less than the outgoing R15, but the V6 engine's fuel consumption will more than likely be lower than that of the outgoing V10 engine on the R15. The new engine has a single Garrett (Honeywell Turbo Technologies) TR30R VGT turbocharger, as opposed to the twin TR30R configuration of both the Peugeot 908 HDi FAP and the previous Audi R15 TDI.^[2][3] The R18's V6 engine exhausts inwards between the cylinder banks, where the turbocharger is placed. This is called a 'hot side inside' configuration and is opposed to the traditional configuration with each cylinder bank of a V engine exhausting outwards to their respective turbochargers.

Unlike other coupé competitors in its class, the chassis on the R18 is not composed of two halves but rather is of single-piece construction for improved rigidity. The R18 has an engine cooling duct above the cockpit roof as well as redesigned rear wheel arches to channel more air to the rear wing. Like the Acura ARX-02a, Audi has chosen to install taller and wider tyres at the front for increased contact patch. Further changes include a lower rear wing, aluminium splitters and a small duct on the front of the car for improved driver comfort within the cockpit. The 2011 ACO regulations have limited the R18's fuel tank to 65 litres.

2012: R18 ultra and R18 e-tron quattro

For 2012, Audi introduced an evolution of the original car called the R18 ultra and R18 e-tron quattro which won Le Mans. Both the Ultra and e-tron quattro R18 were run at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans. In addition to the changes required by the regulations (reduced air intake restrictor and 60 litre fuel tank) the car was completely reworked to reduce weight. These changes included Xtrac sequential electrically activated 6-speed racing gearbox with gearbox housing made of new carbon-fiber composite with titanium inserts, carbon clutch, changes to the carbon-fiber composite aluminum honeycomb monocoque built by Dallara,^[4][5] Single Garrett (Honeywell Turbo Technologies) turbocharger with boost pressure limited to 280 kPa absolute,^[6] Bosch MS24 engine management, 1 x 45.8 mm diameter air restrictor, OZ magnesium forged wheels, Michelin Radial 360/710R18 front and 370/710R18 rear tires.^[7]

2013-spec R18 e-tron quattro

Audi R18 e-tron quattro (Overall & LMP1 class winner, 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans).

The R18 e-tron quattro is a hybrid version of the R18 ultra, with a 500 kJ flywheel accumulator system designed by Williams Hybrid Power, two 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) Bosch Motor Generator Units driving the front wheels with water-cooled integrated power electronics, providing the car with four (quattro) wheel drive, and a smaller 58-litre fuel tank. The quattro system, as per the regulations, is available only at speeds above 120 km/h (75 mph).^[4][7]

The e-tron has six automatic modes that are driver selectable on the steering wheel. The modes manage engine mapping, short bursts accelerating from corners, quattro four wheel drive, wet weather, etc. Allan McNish said "I don't have to press a button ... It does it automatically ... It is like traction control."^[8]

2014-spec R18 e-tron quattro

Changes from 2013 R18 e-tron quattro include the introduction of blue laser beam backlights with a yellow phosphor crystal lens complementing the LED headlights, a revised V6 TDI engine with an electric turbocharger, upgrades to the flywheel accumulator system and an exhaust heat recovery system. The system captures the thermal energy from the exhaust and can add power to either the turbocharger or the flywheel accumulator system. Audi later opted not to race with the second Energy Retrieval System, which is known as a Motor Generator Unit-Heat [MGU-H] in F1, because it did not result in the performance gain engineers had hoped for and was therefore considered an unnecessary risk to take.^[9] The aerodynamics have been heavily revised in accordance with the new rules: the width is reduced by 10 cm, the height is increased by 20 mm and there is a new set of front wings. However, the exhaust-blown diffuser on the 2013 model has been banned and removed. The safety monocoque has been strengthened with additional fabric. Wheel tethers and extra crash structures are also added to the car. Finally, there are numerous smaller upgrades to vision and ergonomics to improve drivability.^{[10][11][12][13]}

2015-spec R18 e-tron quattro

In comparison to the 2014 car the 2015 R18 e-tron quattro's aerodynamics have been significantly improved and the turbocharged 4.0L V6 diesel engine now produces more power while using less fuel. The flywheel accumulator system's capacity has been increased from 500KJ to 700KJ as the 2015 Audi's energy output per round has been increased from 2MJ to 4MJ. Changes also include a significant increase of the hybrid system's power output.

2016-spec R18 e-tron quattro

On November 29, 2015, Audi Sport debuted the redesigned R18 that the team plans to race in the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season.^[14] The new R18 features significantly altered aerodynamics, including a raised nose similar to pre-2014 Formula One nose designs, air scoops above the front fenders, integrated mirrors, and other body modifications. The KERS for the 2016 R18 has also been changed from a flywheel system to a lithium-ion battery, and has been upgraded to the 6MJ class from the 4MJ class. The engine remains the same 4.0L turbodiesel V6.

Audi plans to race two R18 e-tron quattro LMP1 race cars in the 2016 season as opposed to three in 2015.

Racing history

2011 season

The R18 TDI, which was unveiled at a launch in Ingolstadt on 10 December 2010, has made its race debut at the 1000 km Spa round of the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup in May, finishing 3rd. It was scheduled to be raced at Le Mans 24-hour, the Imola 6 Hours, Silverstone 6 Hours, Petit Le Mans, and China 6 Hour races later in the year.^[15]

Due to developmental and logistic reasons the R18 did not enter the 2011 12 Hours of Sebring. Instead, Audi opted for two Audi R15 Plus models, which ran in the 2010 configuration with balance of performance adjustments; the two cars finished 4th and 5th, behind an Oreca 2010-spec Peugeot 908 HDi FAP, a Highcroft Racing HPD ARX-01e and a factory Peugeot Sport 2011-spec 908. However, two evolved R18s (chassis numbers 101 and 102) were put to the test during the four days of testing in Sebring, together with an R15 TDI as a reference vehicle, after the 12-hour race.^[16]

In the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans, Allan McNish (car #3) and Mike Rockenfeller's (#1) cars were involved in heavy high speed collisions with slower Ferraris. Both drivers could leave their car without serious injuries despite both cars being completely destroyed. However the remaining Audi R18 (#2 of Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer and Benoît Tréluyer) went on to win the race by 13.854 seconds. This was the 11th win in the past 13 years for Audi.^[17]

Cockpit of the R18.

2012 season

Audi competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC). For the 2012 12 Hours of Sebring, they entered three 2011 R18s; the #2 of McNish, Tom Kristensen and Rinaldo Capello took the overall victory with 325 laps completed, marking Audi's tenth victory at Sebring. The victory also marked Kristensen's sixth Sebring win, and as a three-driver team, the third (2006 and 2009). The #3 car of Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas and Loïc Duval finished 2nd four laps behind (321); the two ran much of the race in the same lap until the latter stages when the #3 car fell behind pace of the #2 and made contact with another car, causing a lengthy final pit stop for nose repair (besides the refuel). The #1 of the 2011 Le Mans-winning team finished 16th overall and 5th among WEC LMP1 competitors (310); the car was less reliable than the other two, marred by a gearbox issue midway in the race.^[18][19]

Both the Ultra and e-tron Quattro made their racing débuts at the 2012 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps as part of a four-car Audi entry in the FIA World Endurance Championship. The #3 car of Romain Dumas, Loïc Duval and Marc Gené gave the Ultra victory over the e-tron Quattro. Audi finished 1-2-3-4 in the race.^[20] Audi had entered a four car line-up for Le Mans. The e-tron Quattro finished first and second with the Ultra finishing in third and fifth. The leading car covered 5151.8 km, making 33 pit stops.^[21]

Audi intended to run one of each model for the remaining five races in the season.^[22] Audi has instead run two e-tron Quattros since Bahrain.^[23]

Results summary

Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.

Year	Entrant	Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	Points	ILMC
2011			SEB	SPA	LMS	IMO	SIL	ATL	ZHU	119†	2nd
	Audi Sport Team Joest	1		4	Ret	3	2	Ret	3
		2		5	1	4	7	Ret	Ret
	Audi Sport North America	3		3	Ret

† - Result includes points scored by the Audi R15 TDI plus, which finished 4th and 5th in Round 1.

Year	Entrant	Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Points	WEC
2012			SEB	SPA	LMS	SIL	SÃO	BHR	FUJ	SHA	173 (209)	1st
	Audi Sport Team Joest	1	16	2	1	1	2	1	2	3
		2	1	4	2	3	3	2	3	2
		3	2	1	5
	Audi Sport North America	4		3	3

Year	Entrant	Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Points	WEC
2013			SIL	SPA	LMS	SÃO	COA	FUJ	SHA	BHR	207	1st
	Audi Sport Team Joest	1	2	1	5	1	3	26	1	2
		2	1	2	1	2	1	2	3	Ret
		3		3	3

Year	Entrant	Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Points	WEC
2014			SIL	SPA	LMS	COA	FUJ	SHA	BHR	SÃO	244	2nd
	Audi Sport Team Joest	1	Ret	2	2	2	5	5	5	3
		2	Ret	5	1	1	6	4	4	5
		3		6	Ret

Year	Entrant	Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Points	WEC
2015			SIL	SPA	LMS	NÜR	COA	FUJ	SHA	BHR	264	2nd
	Audi Sport Team Joest	7	1	1	3	3	2	3	3	2
		8	5	7	4	4	3	4	4	6
		9		4	7

Marketing

Audi R18 e-tron quattro (a 2012 R18 with the high downforce sprint bodywork) was featured in the Audi RS 6 Avant (Station wagon) TV commercial titled 'Perfect Fit'.^[24][25][26] The car was also used on public roads in a commercial to welcome Porsche back for the 2014 Le Mans race.

References

1. http://blog.caranddriver.com/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-audis-r18-e-tron-quattro-le-mans-racer/
2. "Audi and Peugeot Battle at 12 Hours of Sebring". TurboByGarrett.com. Garrett by Honeywell. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
3. Honeywell Turbo Technologies. "Honeywell Turbo Technologies » Honeywell Turbo Technologies Boosts Audi to Le Mans Victory". honeywell.com.
4. "2012 Technical Regulations for Prototype" (pdf). FIA. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
5. "Audi R18 ultra". Audi. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
6. Honeywell Turbo Technologies. "Honeywell Turbo Technologies » Honeywell Turbos Boost 14th Consecutive Victory at 24 Hours of Le Mans". honeywell.com.
7. SEAS. "Audi R18 e-tron Quattro Flywheel KERS Hybrid System". formula1-dictionary.net.
8. Simon Strang. "Spinning the (fly)wheel: Audi's quest for hybrid history". autosport.com. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
9. "10 Things You Need to Know About Audi’s R18 e-tron Quattro Le Mans Racer". caranddriver.com.
10. "The next Audi R18 e-tron quattro: new technology for the World Champions". ACO. ACO. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
11. Audi Communication (24 January 2015). "Audi MediaServices - Audi R18 e-tron quattro with laser light". audi-mediaservices.com.
12. Brandon Turkus. "Audi debuts all-new R18 E-Tron Quattro with novel secondary hybrid system". Autoblog.
13. "Audi abandons F1-style hybrid system on 2014 R18 WEC challenger".
14. Alanis King (29 November 2015). "The New Audi R18 Is Here And Its Livery Is Just As Mean As The Car".
15. Turner, Kevin (10 December 2010). "Audi reveals new R18 coupe". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). Retrieved 10 December 2010.
16. Kevin Turner (2011-03-25). "Audi tests next R18 evolution". Autosport. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
17. "Audi captures 11th title at 24 Hours of Le Mans". usatoday.com (USA Today). 2012-06-17. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
18. "Audi Sport Team Joest one-two victory at Sebring". Joest Racing. 2012-02-29.
19. "Audi Wins Classic 60th Anniversary Race at Sebring". American Le Mans Series. 2012-03-17.
20. "Audi 1-2-3-4 victory at Spa on premiere". ACO. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
21. "The 80th 24 hours of Le Mans in numbers". Retrieved 20 June 2012.
22. "Audi brings the quattro back to the race track". Joest Racing. 2012-02-29.
23. "Audi to field two R18 e-tron quattros in Bahrain". 2012-09-20.
24. "Audi R18 e-tron quattro Stars in New Audi RS 6 TV Commercial "Perfect Fit"". Fourtitude.com.
25. "Audi R18 e-tron quattro featured in new RS 6 TV commercial". Motorsport.com.
26. Endurance 2014 : La nouvelle Audi R18 e-tron quattro a été présentée au Mans, TF1, 25 March 2014.

External links

• Audi Sport page: Audi R18 TDI, 2014 - Audi R18 e-tron quattro
• Truth in 24 II