Balchik

Balchik
Балчик

Coat of arms
Balchik

Location of Balchik

Coordinates: 43°25′N 28°10′E / 43.417°N 28.167°E / 43.417; 28.167Coordinates: 43°25′N 28°10′E / 43.417°N 28.167°E / 43.417; 28.167
Country Bulgaria
Province (Oblast) Dobrich
Government
Elevation 199 m (653 ft)
Population (2009-12-31)[1][2][3]
 • City 12,196
 • Urban 22,035
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code 9600
Area code(s) 0579

Balchik (Bulgarian: Балчик, Romanian: Balcic, Turkish: Balçık) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. It is located in Dobrich Province and is 42 km northeast of Varna. The town sprawls scenically along hilly terraces descending from the Dobruja plateau to the sea.

Etymology

The town is named after the medieval ruler Balik, brother of Dobrotitsa, after who is named the city of Dobrich.

History

Balchik's centre
Balchik's centre
The Balchik Botanical Garden

Founded as a Thracian settlement, it was later colonised by the Ionian ancient Greeks with the name Krounoi (renamed as Dionysopolis, after the discovery of a statue of Dionysus in the sea).[4] Later became a Greek-Byzantine and Bulgarian fortress. Under the Ottoman Empire, the town came to be known with its present name, which perhaps derived from a Gagauz word meaning "small town".[5] Another opinion is that its actual name derived from that of a local noble - Balik.

After the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, Balchik developed as centre of a rich agricultural region, wheat-exporting port, and district (okoliya) town, and later, as a major tourist destination with the beachfront resort of Albena to its south. The ethnic composition gradually changed from mostly Gagauz and Tatar/Turkish to predominantly Bulgarian. According to an estimate by Bulgarian historian Rayna Gavrilova the Bulgarian population before 1878 was only around 10%.[6] According to the latest 2011 census data, Balchik's ethnic composition is the following:[7][8]

After the Second Balkan War, in 1913, the town was renamed Balcic and became part of the Kingdom of Romania. It was regained by Bulgaria during World War I (1916–1919), but Romania restored its authority when hostilities in the region ceased. In 1940, just before the outbreak of World War II in the region, Balchik was ceded by Romania to Bulgaria by the terms of the Craiova Treaty.

During Romania's administration, the Balchik Palace was the favourite summer residence of Queen Marie of Romania and her immediate family. The town is the site of Marie's Oriental villa, the place where her heart was kept, in accordance with her last wishes, until 1940 (when the Treaty of Craiova awarded the region back to Bulgaria). It was then moved to Bran Castle, in central Romania. Today, the Balchik Palace and the adjacent Balchik Botanical Garden are the town's most popular landmarks. Currently, three 18-hole golf courses are being developed around town, two designed by Gary Player and one by Ian Woosnam.

During the inter-war period, Balchik was also a favourite destination for Romanian avant-garde painters, lending his name to an informal school of post-impressionist painters – the Balcic School of Painting [9]- which is central in the development of Romanian 20th-century painting. Many works of the artists composing the group depict the town's houses and the Tatar inhabitants, as well as the sea.

Events

The Process – Space Festival of Contemporary Arts takes place annually in June at the town of Balchik[10][11] on the north coast of the Black Sea, Bulgaria.

Trivia

Twin towns and sister cities

Balchik is twinned with:[13]

Gallery

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balchik.

Notes

  1. ↑ (English) Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – towns in 2009
  2. ↑ (English) „WorldCityPopulation“
  3. ↑ „pop-stat.mashke.org“
  4. ↑ An inventory of archaic and classical poleis By Mogens Herman Hansen, Thomas Heine Nielsen, Kobenhavns universitet. Polis centret Page 932 ISBN 0-19-814099-1
  5. ↑ И така, нзв Балканът в качеството си на собствено име заема едно точно определено място в ономастичното пространство на българския език или което е същото - сред всички остана...
  6. ↑ Gavrilova, Raina:"Bulgarian urban culture in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries" p.47.
  7. ↑ (Bulgarian) Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute
  8. ↑ Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute (Bulgarian)
  9. ↑ Balcica Maciuca, Balcic, Editura Universalia, București, 2001
  10. ↑ Cooper, Lucy (May 2, 2005). "Brazilian Explosion". The Sofia Echo (Newsweekly). Retrieved January 8, 2012. External link in |publisher= (help)
  11. ↑ Cooper, Lucy (June 27, 2005). "Simple Words' at the Process Space Festival Balchik". The Sofia Echo (Newsweekly). Retrieved January 8, 2012. External link in |publisher= (help)
  12. ↑ Hotels in Bulgaria project surge in Russian tourist arrivals at Balchik airport, The Sofia Echo, 8. August 2011.
  13. ↑ "Web_Based_Twinning". http://projects-namrb.org/ (in Bulgarian). NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA. Retrieved 16 December 2015. External link in |website= (help)

References

  • Crisan, Ion Horatiu (1978). Burebista and His Time. Bucharest: Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae. 
  • Mihailov, Georgi (1970). Inscriptiones graecae in Bulgaria repertae (in Latin and Ancient Greek) 1 (2nd ed.). Sofia: In aedibus typographicis Academiae Litterarum Bulgaricae. 
  • Oltean, Ioana Adina (2007). Dacia: landscape, colonisation and romanisation. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-41252-8. 

External links


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, February 29, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.