Bark isolate
Cinnamon bark oil
Frankincense
Huáng bǎi
Bark isolates have yielded the medicines salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.
| Isolate |
Bark source |
Researched activity |
| Paclitaxel & taxanes |
many species of Taxus |
chemotherapeutic |
| Paeonol |
Paeonia suffruticosa root bark[1] |
various |
| Honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, magnolol, obovatol |
Magnolia |
neurotrophic & anti-inflammatory |
| Salicylic acid |
Salix alba |
antipyretic, analgesic |
| Yohimbine, corynanthine, ajmalicine, rauwolscine |
west African evergreen |
MAOI, stimulant |
| beta-carbolines & harmala alkaloids |
numerous |
MAOI |
| Cinnamon, camphor, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon oil |
Cinnamomum |
blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant |
| Quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, cinchonine |
Cinchona |
antipyretic, analgesic, antimalarial |
| Safrole |
Sassafras |
|
| Huáng bǎi |
Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) |
TCM |
| Strictamine |
Alstonia scholaris |
|
| |
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) |
demulcent |
| Geniposidic acid |
Eucommia ulmoides |
|
| N-methyltryptamine & other serotonin analogs |
numerous species from Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan |
serotonin agonist, neuroimmunologic modulator |
| Quassin |
Quassia amara |
various |
| Celastrol |
Tripterygium wilfordii root bark[2] |
various |
| Mitraphylline |
Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) |
anti-inflammatory |
| Ellagic acid, rutin, gallic acid, ethyl gallate[3] |
Ailanthus altissima |
various |
| Coronaridine, voacangine, ibogamine, ibogaine, tabernanthine |
Voacanga africana, Tabernanthe iboga |
neuroimmunologic modulator |
| Tramadol |
African Nauclea latifolia |
atypical opioid analgesic with additional serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake-inhibiting activities |
| Lapachol, quercetin |
Pau D'Arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus) |
therapeutic naphthoquinone |
| Icariin |
Eucommia |
PDE5 inhibitor |
| Baicalin |
Oroxylum indicum |
prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor |
| Incensole, frankincense |
Boswellia sacra, Boswellia |
incensole is a TRPV3 agonist |
| QS21 |
Quillaja saponaria (soap bark tree) |
potential immunologic adjuvant |
| Sandalwood oil, α-Santalol, β-Santalol |
Sandalwood (Santalum) |
Ayurvedic component |
| Bergenin, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin , diptoindonesin A |
Bergenia ligulata, Dryobalanops aromatica, Mallotus japonicus |
component of Ayurvedic medicine "Paashaanbhed" |
| Phenolic lactones |
Caesalpinia paraguariensis |
component of Bolivian traditional medicine |
| Erythravine |
Erythrina mulungu |
Brazilian medicinal plant |
| Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds |
Psidium guajava (Guava tree) |
component of traditional medicine |
|
See also
Notes
- ↑ Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, et al. (2014). "Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2.". Phytomedicine 21 (7): 984–91. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012. PMID 24680370.
- ↑ Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP (2006). "Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice.". Cancer Res 66 (9): 4758–65. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529. PMID 16651429.
- ↑ Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ (2012). "[Study on chemical constituents from flowers of Ailanthus altissima].". Zhong Yao Cai 35 (10): 1605–7. PMID 23627124.
