Blue Island, Illinois

"Blue Island" redirects here. For the Italian film, see Blue Island (film). For the railroad station connecting this city to Chicago, see Blue Island (Metra station). For the novel, see Blue Island (novel).
Blue Island, Illinois
City
Nickname(s): The City on the Hill
Motto: "Discover Blue Island: The Historic Heart of Chicago Southland"

Location in Cook County and the state of Illinois.

Location of Illinois in the United States
Coordinates: 41°39′30″N 87°40′46″W / 41.658412°N 87.679424°W / 41.658412; -87.679424Coordinates: 41°39′30″N 87°40′46″W / 41.658412°N 87.679424°W / 41.658412; -87.679424
Country United States
State Illinois
Counties Cook
Settled 1836
Incorporated October 26, 1872
Government
 • Type Mayor-council government
 • Mayor Domingo Vargas (Blue Island Independent Party)
 • City Council
 • State House Robert Rita (D)
 • State Senate Emil Jones, Jr. (D)
 • U.S. House
Area
 • Total 4.16 sq mi (10.8 km2)
 • Land 4.07 sq mi (10.5 km2)
 • Water 0.09 sq mi (0.2 km2)  2.16%
Elevation 640 ft (195 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 23,706
 • Density 5,824.6/sq mi (2,248.9/km2)
 • Demonym Blue Islander
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
Area code(s) Area code 708
Website www.blueisland.org

Blue Island is a city in Cook County, Illinois, located approximately 16 miles (26 km) south of Chicago's Loop. Blue Island is adjacent to the city of Chicago and shares its northern boundary with that city's Morgan Park neighborhood. The population was 23,706 at the 2010 United States Census.

Blue Island was established in the 1830s as a way station for settlers traveling on the Vincennes Trace,[1] and the settlement prospered because it was conveniently situated a day's journey outside of Chicago. The late-nineteenth-century historian and publisher Alfred T. Andreas made the following observation regarding the appearance of the young community in History of Cook County Illinois (1884), "The location of Blue Island Village is a beautiful one. Nowhere about Chicago is there to be found a more pleasant and desirable resident locality."[2]

Since its founding, the city has been an important commercial center in the south Cook County region, although its position in that respect has been eclipsed in recent years as other significant population centers developed around it and the region's commercial resources became spread over a wider area. In addition to its broad long-standing industrial base, the city enjoyed notable growth in the 1840s during the construction of the feeder canal (now the Calumet Sag Channel) for the Illinois and Michigan Canal, as the center of a large brick-making industry beginning in the 1850s, which eventually gave Blue Island the status of brick-making capitol of the world.[3] Beginning in 1883, Blue Island was also host to the car shops of the Rock Island Railroad.[4] Blue Island was home to several breweries, who used the east side of the hill to store their product before the advent of refrigeration, until the Eighteenth Amendment made these breweries illegal in 1919. A large regional hospital and two major clinics are also located in the city.

Although initially settled by "Yankee" stock, Blue Island has been the point of entry for many of America's immigrants, beginning in the 1840s with the arrival of a large German population that remained a prominent part of the city's ethnic makeup for many years. By 1850, half of Blue Island's population was either foreign-born or the children of foreign-born residents.[5] Later, significant groups came from Italy, Poland, Sweden and Mexico.

Geography

Blue Island is located at 41°39′30″N 87°40′46″W / 41.65833°N 87.67944°W / 41.65833; -87.67944 (41.658412, -87.679424).[6] According to the 2010 census, Blue Island has a total area of 4.156 square miles (10.76 km2), of which 4.07 square miles (10.54 km2) (or 97.93%) is land and 0.086 square miles (0.22 km2) (or 2.07%) is water.[7]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18801,542—
18903,329115.9%
19006,11483.7%
19108,04331.6%
192011,42442.0%
193016,53444.7%
194016,6380.6%
195017,6225.9%
196019,61811.3%
197022,62915.3%
198021,855−3.4%
199021,203−3.0%
200023,46310.7%
201023,7061.0%
Est. 201423,785[8]0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]

As of the 2010 census there were 23,706 people, 8,013 households, and 5,452 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,824.6 people per square mile (2,257.7 per square kilometer). The racial makeup of the city was 41.3% White, 30.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.6% some other race, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.0% of the population. There were 8,013 households, of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 22.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. The average household size was 2.95, and the average family size was 3.62.[10]

In the city the population was spread out with 29.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.[10]

For the period 2009-2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $41,408, and the median income for a family was $48,760. The per capita income for the city was $17,660.[11]

Etymology

Early pioneers gave the ridge the name because at a distance it looked like an island set in a trackless prairie sea. The blue color was attributed to atmospheric scattering or to blue flowers growing on the ridge.[13] The Chicago Democrat, February, 1834 described it:

"Nearly south of this town and twelve miles [19 km] distant is Blue Island. This name is particularly appropriate. It is a table of land about six miles [10 km] long and an average of two miles [3.2 km] wide, of an oval form and rising some forty feet [12 m] out of an immense plain which surrounds it on every side. The sides and slopes of this table, as well as the table itself, are covered with a handsome growth of timber, forming a belt surrounding about four or five thousand acres of beautiful table land. In summer, the plain is covered with luxurious herbage. It is uninhabited, and when we visited it, from its stillness, loneliness, and quiet, we pronounced it a vast vegetable solitude. The ridge, when viewed from a distance, appears standing in an azure mist of vapor, hence the appellation 'Blue Island'."

The north-central section of the city of Blue Island is located at the south end of a glacial moraine that once was an island when the waters from Lake Chicago covered the surrounding area at the former lake's Glenwood Stage.

The Portland question

Some sources state[15][16][17] that the city of Blue Island was once officially (or commonly) known as Portland. This claim is erroneous, as the chronology below will illustrate:

"The north end of the bench of land on which Blue Island stands was originally covered with a dense forest, and from Chicago, before the view was obstructed by buildings, this timber presented a blue appearance like smoke. Water was like-mirrored forth by the mirage which almost always prevailed, giving the timber the appearance of land surrounded by water, and it was from this circumstance that the hunters called it Blue Island, which name was perpetuated by my brother getting a Post Office located there, which was also called Blue Island – so much for the name."[21]
"'Portland' did not become a river town. Neither did the name 'Portland' ever come into general use. In spite of all the efforts of its promoters to popularize the locality the people preferred to live on top of the hill and call the place 'Blue Island'..."[23]
"An Act entitled AN ACT TO CHANGE THE NAME OF PORTLAND IN COOK COUNTY TO THE NAME OF BLUE ISLAND: Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly that the name of the place called Portland in Cook County, Illinois is hereby altered and changed to Blue Island and the same shall hereafter always be known and called by such name of Blue Island. Approved February 24, 1843."[24]

At the same time, the post office department in Washington, D.C. changed the name of the post office to “Blue Island". In the 1903 edition of Blue Book for the State of Illinois, the state shows 1843 as the year Blue Island was granted "incorporation under special acts",[25] recognizing the existence of Portland, but not as an incorporated entity. (Blue Island would not officially incorporate for almost another three decades - see below.)

"The work of laying ties upon this Road (sic) between Chicago and Blue Island will be commenced next week. Mr. H. Fuller... will complete the work in the course of ten or fifteen days. Two hundred and thirty-six men are now employed on it."[27]

The "Rocket" pulled into the Vermont Street station (the only one in town then) for the first time on October 10, 1852. The Rock Island called the station "Blue Island".

Preserve America

The city is one of ten incorporated areas in Illinois to have been designated by the White House as a "Preserve America" community.[29]

Uptown

The Blue Island Market, circa 1915, looking west on Broadway from Western Avenue.
Blue Island Opera House

History

Norman Rexford came to Chicago from Charlotte, Vermont, in 1835 and became the first permanent settler of Blue Island. In 1836, he established the Blue Island House, near the intersection of present-day Western Avenue and Gregory Street just north of the Western Avenue bridge.[30] Before Rexford built the Blue Island House, he had constructed a four-room log cabin in the wilderness at the north end of the Blue Island ridge that he intended as a tavern for wayfarers, but after a year realized that the place was not likely to be profitable for him and began to look for another site where he might have more success. Although farther from the settlement at Chicago—which, by that time, was incorporated and had a population of several thousand persons—and Fort Dearborn by about 3 miles (5 km), the new inn was better situated because it was located on the Wabash Road (in Blue Island now Western Avenue), which was then a part of the Vincennes trail that went from Chicago to Vincennes, Indiana. It was considerably larger and more refined than Rexford's previous venture, being a 2 1⁄2-story white frame building that also had various outbuildings to accommodate the needs of his guests. Because it was a day's journey from Chicago, within a few years the inn became the nucleus for a group of businesses that catered to the soldiers, cattlemen (with their herds) and other travelers who arrived by stagecoach[31] or otherwise frequented the Vincennes trail.

Through the 1970s, Blue Island's central business district ("uptown" to the locals) was regarded as an important regional commercial center, with stores such as Woolworth's, Kline's, Sears, Montgomery Ward, Spiegel and Steak 'n Shake.[32] Today, downtown Blue Island is better known for its antique stores, art galleries, ethnic delicatessens and fine dining. Much of this shift in business activity has been brought on by "big box" development outside of town that space constraints make it impossible for uptown to accommodate. However, several local businesses have served the area for generations: DeMar's Restaurant, for example, opened its doors in 1950; Jebens Hardware was established in 1876; and Krueger Funeral Home was founded in 1858. In the 21st century, the city and a dedicated group of volunteers, working with the Metropolitan Planning Council of Chicago[33] and the Center for Neighborhood Technology devised the Blue Island Plan for Economic Development, which addresses not only the commercial expansion of the historic uptown business district, but also the continued improvement of the housing stock and industrial base.[34]

Notable places

For many years on the first Thursday of every month, Western Avenue south of the canal and to the city limits on 139th Street was host to an open-air market, the Blue Island Market, more commonly known as Market Day. The market was a place where farmers from a wide area surrounding Blue Island came to town to sell their wares to each other and to the public at large.[35] As the postcard image above indicates, items offered included produce, farm equipment, and livestock, with a local band thrown in to provide entertainment. Market Day began sometime in the last quarter of the 19th century and lasted until May of 1924, when it was closed by the city council after a gradual influx of peddlers offering shoddy merchandise discouraged farmer participation and the market was deemed a public nuisance.[36]

The Blue Island Opera House[37] was built by Blue Island's first mayor John L. Zacharias to replace the Robinson Block, which was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of that year. The opera house was host to vaudeville and repertoire shows until 1913, when it became the Grand Theater and a venue for motion pictures. In later years the building was home to the Blue Island Sun-Standard newspaper and Kline's Department Store. Although the auditorium has been remodeled out of existence, the building, with its award-winning exterior restoration, today provides both commercial and office space to the historic "uptown" district. The building has been designated as a landmark[38] by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission[39] Moraine Valley Community College operates a satellite facility uptown.[40]

Brickyards

Three workers posing outside one of the sheds of the Clifton Brickyard in 1901
The Clifton brickyard office, circa 1901

After it was discovered in the early 1850s that rich deposits of clay surrounded the ridge, Blue Island became the center of a significant brick-making industry that lasted for over a century. In the early years, these efforts were small, with the bricks being made by hand and the turnout created mostly for local use, but by 1886 the Illinois Pressed Brick Company (organized in 1884) was employing about 80 men and using "steam power and the most approved machinery", which allowed them to produce 50,000 bricks per day.[41] By 1900, the Clifton Brickyard alone—which had opened in 1883 under the name of Purington at the far northeast corner of the village[42]—was producing 150,000,000 bricks a year.[43] In 1886, the Chicago architectural firm of Adler and Sullivan designed a large complex for the Wahl Brothers brickyard (the main building of which was 250 by 350 feet (76 by 107 m)[44]) on the west side of the Grand Trunk tracks between 119th and 123rd streets. These buildings had been demolished by 1935, and all of Blue Island's brickyards were re-purposed by the latter part of the mid-20th century. The larger ones for a while become landfills, and the Wahl Brothers location is now the site of the Meadows Golf Club.

Government

Government Buildings
City Hall, 1891 (left) and annex, 1925 (right)
Blue Island Post Office

Nearly all of Blue Island is in Illinois' 1st congressional district; the portion east of the Dan Ryan Expressway is in the 2nd district.

City Hall was originally built in 1891 by Edmund R. Krause. An annex was built in 1925 according to plans by the Chicago architectural firm of Doerr, Lindquist and Doerr.[45] The design was apparently a conscious effort to complement the post office building across the street, which was built using similar brick and a closely related architectural style, albeit on a grander scale.

Beginning in the 1870s, the water supply for Blue Island was supplied by three artesian wells, whose water was pumped by a windmill to a 10 short tons (9.1 t) storage tank that sat on top of a 50-foot (15 m) high stone tower behind the City Hall building.[46][47] The city began to receive its water from Lake Michigan in August 1915 after the water from the wells began to acquire a gaseous odor, apparently from the Public Service Company, whose facilities were about a quarter mile to the southwest,[48] and the tank was subsequently removed.

Blue Island Post Office was built in 1914 by Oscar Wenderoth. Wenderoth was associated with the building of the Senate and House Office Buildings in Washington, D.C.[49]

Religion

Although religious gatherings have taken place in Blue Island almost since it was settled in 1836, the first denominational services took place in 1850 with the founding of the Central Methodist Church (predecessor to today's Grace United Methodist Church). Blue Island continues to respect the tradition of its early settlers by maintaining many of the congregations that were established there during these early years, and also by hosting new places of worship that serve the needs of new residents of this culturally diverse community. The following institutions, many of them well over a hundred years old, serve the Blue Island area today:

Places of worship

Baptist
California Gardens Christian of Love Baptist Church – 13911 S. Kedzie Ave.
Church of Christ
Blue Island Church of Christ – 2304 W. 120th St.
Church of God of Prophecy
Glorious Life Worship Center – 12654 S. Maple
Conservative Congregational Christian Conference
Evangelical Community Church – 2237 W. 120th Pl.
Disciples of Christ
Family of Hope Christian Church - 2324 W. Orchard St.
Episcopal
St. Joseph's and St. Aiden's Episcopal Church – Oak St. at Greenwood Ave.
Evangelical Covenant
Mission Covenant Church of Blue Island – 2501 W. Collins St.
Lutheran
First Evangelical Lutheran Church – 2515 W. Grove St.
Salem Lutheran Church – 12951 S. Maple Ave.
St. Peter's and St. Paul's Lutheran Church – 13153 S. Greenwood Ave.
St. Philip Lutheran Church – 2500 W. 121st St.
Methodist
Grace United Methodist Church – 12739 S. Maple Ave.
Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – 2445 W. Birdsall
Nazarene
Church of the Nazarene – 12815 S. Gregory St.
Non-denominational
Fortress Bible Church – 2237 W. 120th Pl.
Calvary Chapel Blue Island - 12640 Sacramento Ave
Pentecostal
Bethel Pentecostal Church - 2726 W. Broadway
Life Changing Ministry - 2817 139th St.
Roman Catholic
St. Benedict Church – 2339 W. York St.
St. Donatus Church – 1944 W. High St.
St. Isidore Church – 1811 W. Burr Oak Ave.[51]
Roman Catholic – Lay Ecclesial Movement
Blue Army of Our Lady of Fatima – 13811 S. Western Ave.
Salvation Army
Salvation Army Community Center - 2900 W. Burr Oak Ave. (127th St.)
United Church of Christ
Christ Memorial United Church of Christ – 2440 W. York St.

Parks and recreation

Memorial Park Field House, dedicated on Memorial Day, 1938

Blue Islanders have enjoyed a system of parks since 1912 when the park district (which was formed in 1909) acquired the property of the late Benjamin Sanders, who was Blue Island's first village president when the town incorporated in 1872 and served as the chairman of the building committee of the Cook County Board after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The 9-acre (36,000 m2) property, which is bounded by Gregory Street, Union Street, Irving Avenue and York Street, came with Sanders' home, which was remodeled into a field house and provided living quarters for the park's superintendent. Central Park[54] eventually offered tennis courts, playground equipment, and the community's first swimming pool. It was vacated by the park district in 1965 when St. Francis Hospital acquired the property for $325,000.[55] (equivalent to $2,440,000 in 2016) to build its east campus there.

Memorial Park, the city's next public park, was dedicated on Decoration Day (now Memorial Day), 1922, in ceremonies that were presided over by Brigadier General Abel Davis of Glencoe, Illinois, who was Commander of the 132nd Infantry during World War I.[56] The section of Memorial Park running adjacent to Burr Oak Avenue with 330 feet (100 m) of frontage on Highland Avenue had originally been laid out as a cemetery in the early 1850s, when this section of Blue Island was a healthy walk from the settled section of the town. Although the cemetery was added to and improved in subsequent years, it was closed by village ordinance in 1898, and almost all of the remains that were interred there were moved to Mt. Greenwood Cemetery in Chicago, which had been developed by citizens from Blue Island.[57] The acquisition of the entire parcel bounded by Burr Oak Avenue, Highland Avenue, Walnut Street and the B & O tracks was completed by the park district in 1935. The park at that point had reached its present size of 10 acres (40,000 m2), and eventually, with the help of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Alphabet agencies, it was provided with landscaping and acquired an outdoor swimming pool, playground equipment, and a handsome Art Deco stadium that seated 1,000 persons and was demolished in December 2009.)With the closing of Central Park, Memorial Park has become the flagship of the Blue Island park system.[58]

The 8.5-acre (34,000 m2) site of Centennial Park at Vermont Street and Division Street on the east side was acquired from the East Side Development Association in 1935 for $11,500 (equivalent to $198,000 in 2016). This park provides a field house, convenient athletic fields and playground equipment for the East Side community.

The city operates the Meadows Golf Club, a 6,549-yard (5,988 m), 18-hole golf course that was designed by J. Porter Gibson ASGCA and opened in 1994. It has a course rating of 71.3 and a slope rating of 121.[59]

Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame

As part of its focus, the park district serves the needs of the community by sponsoring Little League Baseball, football, softball and other sports activities. It is also host to the Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame,[60] which was sponsored by the Blue Island Sun Standard and founded by its sports editor, Don Rizzs. As part of a community that is heavily involved in sports on many levels, the Hall of Fame is a repository of photos and biographies of many individuals who have distinguished themselves on the playing field, both on the local level and in the international spotlight.

Blue Island athlete Don Kolloway became a Major League Baseball player when he became an infielder for the Chicago White Sox in 1940. Except while he was in the service during WWII, Kolloway played most of the 1940s with the White Sox. He was traded to the Detroit Tigers in 1949 and to the Philadelphia Athletics in 1953, where he ended his baseball career. September 15, 1946, was "Don Kolloway Day" at Comiskey Park, where he was presented with a new automobile. Topps honored him with a baseball card (#97) while he was a member of the Athletics. For many years after his retirement, Kolloway operated a tavern in Blue Island called "Kolloway's".[61]

Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Joe Moeller was born in Blue Island and spent the early years of his life there. Moeller pitched for the Dodgers between 1962 and 1971[62] and at age 19 years and 2 months became the youngest starting pitcher in the history of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Topps released a baseball card (#444) for Moeller in 1969.

Don Rizzs had a very personal connection to the Hall of Fame. His son Rick, voice of the Seattle Mariners since 1983, grew up in Blue Island and graduated from Eisenhower High School.[63]

Other Blue Island natives who have played baseball in the Major Leagues include Steve Wojciechowski, Norm Glockson, Pete Lovrich and Dean Wilkins.

Transportation

The Rock Island Depot at Vermont Street after the riots of June 29, 1894. This drawing, by George Albert Coffin (American, 1856–1922), is entitled "Deputies Trying to Move an Engine and Car on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad at Blue Island, July 2, 1894" and first appeared in Harper's Weekly on page 656 of the July 24, 1894 issue.
The railroad bridges over the Calumet Sag Channel

Trains

The city is a hub for Metra trains, with six stations, four of them along the Rock Island District line: 119th Street, 123rd Street, Prairie Street, and Vermont Street.

The Rock Island District line splits at Gresham, northeast of Blue Island, and the branch, known alternately as the "Beverly", "Blue Island", or "Suburban" branch, serves the Chicago communities of Gresham, Beverly Hills, and Morgan Park. The Rock Island District uses the stations in Blue Island between 119th Street to the north and Vermont Street, where the tracks rejoin the main line, to the south. The branch line was built in 1888 as a result of efforts by the Blue Island Land and Building Company to promote its interests in what was to become the town, and eventually, the Chicago neighborhood of Morgan Park.[64]

The Vermont Street station—which is one of the oldest in the Metra network, having been built in 1868[65]—is across the street from the fifth station, which serves as the terminus of a Metra Electric (formerly the Illinois Central) spur line.[66] This depot was witness to national history in a series of events that began on June 29, 1894, when rioting broke out in the Blue Island yards of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad after an appearance by the president of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs, who had given a speech that day in support of the striking workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company in Pullman, Illinois, four miles (6 km) to the east. During the riot several buildings were set on fire and a locomotive was knocked off the tracks. After numerous incidents in Blue Island and elsewhere that continued through July 2, President Grover Cleveland responded by sending federal troops to Illinois to maintain the peace and to ensure the safe delivery of the mail. Troops arrived in Blue Island on July 4 and remained for several days.[67]

The sixth station, also on the electric line, is a half mile north on Burr Oak Avenue (127th Street) and Lincoln Avenue. Blue Island is also served by Pace Suburban Bus.[68]

The bridges over the Calumet Sag Channel are included in the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER),[69] sponsored by the Library of Congress.[70]

Other connections

Blue Island is 34 miles (55 km) from O'Hare International Airport and 12.5 miles (20.1 km) from Midway International Airport. It is located a half mile west of Interstate 57, one and a half miles east of the Tri-State Tollway, and is bisected by Western Avenue, which in Blue Island is part of the historic Dixie Highway[71] that in its heyday connected Chicago with Miami, Florida.

Education

As the largest settlement in the southern part of Cook County in the middle of the nineteenth century, Blue Island was an important trading and cultural center. The village offered educational opportunity to its residents as early as 1845 in the form of a private school for girls that was operated by local citizens, and public education was introduced in 1846 with the construction of a one-room schoolhouse that served the community exclusively for that purpose until the first Whittier School was built in 1854. The one-room schoolhouse was repurposed several times in subsequent years and still stands, much remodeled, as a comfortable house on Greenwood Avenue.[73]

Blue Island hosted a number of educational conferences during the 1850s, and because of this (and through the influence of Benjamin Sanders,[74] whose tenure with the Cook County Board was during that time) Chicago State University was founded in Blue Island in 1867 as the Cook County Normal (or Teacher's) School in the classrooms of the old Whittier School building on Vermont Street. This arrangement lasted until 1870, when the new campus for the college was completed in what is now the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago on 10 acres (40,000 m2) of land that was donated by L. W. Beck for the purpose in 1868.[75]

The public school district as a legal entity (now Cook County School District 130) was established in 1887, and the current high school district (Community High School District 218) was created in 1927, replacing earlier versions from 1897 and 1903. Blue Island Community High School (now Dwight D. Eisenhower High School) was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools (now North Central Association - Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement) in 1899. As president of Columbia University, Eisenhower was the keynote speaker at the dedication of the new facility on Sacramento Avenue for Blue Island Community High School in 1951, and the building was renamed in his honor in 1962.[73]

Schools

A portion of Blue Island is within the Posen-Robbins School District 143½.[76]

Elementary and middle schools

Most residents of Blue Island live within the boundaries of Cook County School District 130. The grade school district serves not only Blue Island, but also much of Crestwood, some of Robbins and a fraction of Alsip. Residents in the far Southeast of the city have students who attend Calumet Public School District 132. There are no schools from District 132 within the Blue Island boundary.[77]

District 130 Boundaries:[77]

Name changes:

Other public schools include:

Private elementary and middle schools include:

High schools

The public high school is:

In 1903, a high school district, separate from District 130 was voted into law by the IL state legislature. For many years (at least until 1938), the superintendent of the high school district was the same for District 130; their school boundaries being virtually identical (the only difference being the inclusion of a cemetery in the high school district!). In August 1927, the Blue Island Community High School District 218 was established.[78] In 1916, there were 250 pupils at Seymour School who were following the high school curriculum. By 1927. the population had grown to 428 pupils despite the fact that the school was built to accommodate 250 students maximum.[78]

There are no active private high schools in the Blue Island community, although the Mother of Sorrows High School for Girls operated from 1954 through 1983. It was run by sisters from the order of the Servants of Mary (Mantellates). Interestingly, there was an attached grade school that served both boys and girls and had a boarding option for students who lived there full time. Most students were boarders.[79] Private schools include:

Higher education

Special education

Public schools include:

Private schools include:

Technical and vocational

There is one private technical and vocational school:

Public library

Blue Island's Carnegie Library

A lending library has been in existence in some form or another in Blue Island since about 1845, when Thomas McClintock began to make his private library of about 100 volumes available to the public for a nominal fee. The founding of the library as a publicly supported institution dates to 1854, when the library's collection, which at this time numbered around 800 volumes, was housed in the new Whittier School building on Vermont Street. The library expanded again in 1890 when the Current Topics Club, predecessor to the Blue Island Woman's Club, opened a small reading room above Edward Seyfarth's hardware store on Western Avenue with a collection of about 1,500 books and various periodicals which were acquired with funds that were donated by the community through public subscription. Except for what was in the hands of patrons, this library's collection was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of 1896.

The public library as a taxpayer-supported institution was founded in 1897, and the first building built in Blue Island expressly for the purpose of housing the library's collection (by this time up to 3,200 volumes) was made possible by a matching grant of $15,000 (equivalent to $395,000 in 2016) provided by Andrew Carnegie in 1903. This building was demolished in 1969 when the current library, which opened housing the library's collection of over 70,000 volumes, was built. Today, the Blue Island Public Library provides a host of services, including multi-language reading materials, computers with internet access, public meeting rooms and a wide variety of educational programs. The library is a member of the Reaching Across Illinois Library System[85] and is host to the Blue Island Historical Society's award-winning Museum Room.

Health care

St. Francis Hospital as it appeared in 1909

Blue Island is home to MetroSouth Medical Center, long nationally recognized as one of the nation's premier cardiovascular primary care centers.[86] The hospital was originally opened as the Saint Francis Hospital in 1905 by the Sisters of St. Mary (currently the Franciscan Sisters of Mary). They purchased the home of the late Ernst Uhlich in 1905 for $30,000 (equivalent to $790,000 in 2016) and updated its systems to outfit the building for its new purpose. At the time, this section of Gregory Street was lined with churches and the homes of some of Blue Island's more prosperous citizens. The facility was outgrown immediately, and within a few weeks of opening plans were being drawn up to add additional rooms and a laundry so that the hospital could accommodate up to 30 patients. A major addition was added in 1916,[87] at which time the house was converted to office space. It was demolished in 1948 to allow room for the next addition.

The Sisters of St. Mary relinquished ownership of the facility to MetroSouth Medical Center on July 30, 2008.[88] As MetroSouth Medical Center, the hospital occupies about 12 acres (49,000 m2) in the heart of Blue Island's uptown commercial business district. In 2014, U.S. News & World Report ranked MetroSouth as one among the top 25 percent of hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan region and among the top 15 percent in the state of Illinois.[89]

Buildings and structures

Because of its long history, the built environment of Blue Island exhibits a broad range of architectural styles and periods. Although largely built in the vernacular tradition, the works of notable architects, including Adler and Sullivan, George Maher, August Fiedler, Oscar Wenderoth, Robert E. Seyfarth,[93][94] Perkins and Will,[95] and Bertrand Goldberg,[96] are featured throughout the community.

Architectural distinction of a somewhat different nature is associated with the Bell/Hendriks house at 12020 Maple Avenue, whose design and construction were heavily publicized in 1947. The house was designed by Eric Wenstrand for the Prize Homes competition which was sponsored and promoted by the Chicago Tribune,[97] and several thousand persons toured the “modified Colonial” home when it was built, with many of the visitors' comments reported in the newspaper during the month the house was open to the public for tours.[98] Ceremonies attended by regional dignitaries with Dr. Bell turning over the first spade of earth were broadcast over WGN radio, and plans of the house and of the other twenty-three prize-winning designs from the competition were the subject of an exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago the previous year.[99] In 1948 the Tribune published a book entitled Prize Homes, and included an entry for the house which appeared on p. 43.[100] This house and the other Prize Homes that were open for tours played a role in introducing WGN television to the world. Although the station was not yet broadcasting over the airwaves at the time the houses were visited by the public, “Camera, cables and monitoring equipment, and the newest in television receivers were installed and gave visitors an opportunity to see themselves on the tele screen as they visit[ed] the homes.”[101]

The oldest section of Blue Island's city hall, built in 1891, was designed by Edmund R. Krause, who was the architect of the Majestic Building (along with its recently restored Bank of America Theatre) in Chicago's Loop[102] The first buildings of Northwest Gas, Light and Coke Company in Blue Island were designed by Holabird & Roche[103] in 1902 (demolished). The city also has 22 houses known to have been built with mail-order kits sold by Sears Modern Homes. There is one building in Blue Island listed on the National Register of Historic Places,[104] 27 are included as part of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency's Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System,[105][106] and 41[107] individual buildings and one district have been designated as local landmarks by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission. The city's newest development is Fay's Point, a gated community built at the confluence of the Calumet River and the Calumet Sag Channel on the site of the historic farm of Jerome Fay.

The American House

Drawing of the American House Hotel, modeled after a sketch that appeared in Ferdinand Schapper's 1917 manuscript Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War.

One of the oldest buildings in Blue Island,[108] the American House was built in 1839 as the courthouse for Lake County, Indiana—a function it never actually had the chance to serve, as the county seat was moved from Liverpool to Crown Point in 1840.[109] In 1844, the building was disassembled, sent by raft up the Little Calumet River, and reassembled in Blue Island.

The building originally stood on the west side of Western Avenue north of Vermont Street,[110] (where Three Sisters Antique Mall stands today.[111] It was popular among Southerners who used it as a summer boarding house and with the contractors who built the feeder canal for the Illinois and Michigan Canal. After the Civil War it was used as a home for retired soldiers. Although it was built after the invention of balloon framing, the building is constructed using the timber framing method, evidence of which is still clearly visible in the basement and attic. However, while its Greek Revival roots are discernible, the building is much remodeled and serves today as a private residence.

Greek Revival was the architectural style of choice in the early years of Blue Island's history. Many of the buildings that remain from those days have been similarly remodeled, but some of the most well-preserved examples of the style, albeit in a vernacular form, can be seen either in the Walter P. Roche House on York Street[112] or the Henry Schuemann House on Western Avenue.[113]

The Joshua P. Young House

The Joshua P. Young House, built circa 1852

The house was built by Carlton Wadhams (1810–1891), who came to Blue Island in 1839 from Goshen, Connecticut, and farmed on land north of the village until he opened the American House Hotel (building extant) in 1844. During his time in Blue Island, Wadhams made his first fortune as the owner of the hotel and as a cattle dealer, staying until c. 1857 when he sold his holdings and moved to South Bend, Indiana. In South Bend he was one of the founders of the Dodge Manufacturing Company and of the First National Bank, where he was a director until his death.[114] Wadhams sold the house along with all of the property on which it was located, which included the American House and all of the land between what is today Western Avenue, Maple Avenue, Burr Oak Avenue and Vermont Street to Joshua Palmer Young (1818–1889),[115] who, by himself beginning in 1848 and in a partnership with John K. Rowley that was established in 1866, played an important role in the development of the Chicago communities of Beverly Hills, Morgan Park,[116] Near West Side, Washington Heights and Englewood,[117] as well as the suburban communities of Blue Island, South Lawn (now Harvey),[118] Homewood and South Holland.

Young operated the hotel for a time and was otherwise active in local affairs. He served from 1878–1880 as the president of the village board, and was a founder of the Congregational church (now Christ Memorial United Church of Christ). He was one of the incorporators, a director and secretary of the Chicago, Blue Island and Indiana Railroad Company (now part of the Grand Trunk Railway), whose charter was approved by the state of Illinois on March 7, 1867.[119]

The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is included in the State of Illinois' Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System.

USS Blue Island Victory

The fully operational World War II (WWII) victory ship SS Lane Victory pulls into San Diego for Memorial Day weekend.

On December 28, 1945, 91 days after her keel was laid, the USS Blue Island Victory was launched from the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland. Dubbed "the Ugly Duckling of the merchant marine" by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Victory ships were armed cargo ships that were built during World War II to transport troops and supplies wherever in the world their services were required. Of the 550 or so built,[120] 218 were named after American cities.

The USS Blue Island Victory was a type VC 2-S-AP2, which was 455 feet (139 m) long, 62 feet (19 m) wide, and had a 25-foot (7.6 m) draft. It was equipped with a 5-inch (130 mm) gun on the stern for enemy submarines, a 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun, and a 20 mm cannon. The Blue Island Victory served variously as a troop ship[121] and as a cattle transport ship,[122] and saw service in the Korean War. It was scrapped in 1972.

In popular culture

Writers and literature

A Shingle Style house in Blue Island's "Silk Stocking" district by the architect August Fiedler, circa 1890.[123]

Over the years, Blue Island has provided the setting for the works of at least a couple of writers. In 1935, for example, the Chicago playwright and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Margaret Ayer Barnes (1886-1967) wrote the novel Edna, His Wife, an American Idyll, using Blue Island as the first locale of the four that make up her story (the other three being Chicago, Washington, D.C., and New York City). The book chronicles the life of the title character who spent her formative years in Blue Island but leaves after she marries, becoming increasingly unhappy as she leads a more sophisticated life elsewhere while "...remain[ing] a Blue Island girl at heart." The book was later adapted into a one-woman play by Cornelia Otis Skinner, and her opening night performance of it at the Harris Theater was enthusiastically received by Chicago society, which was pleased to "...have a chance to see a Chicago play in a Chicago theater..."[124]

Twelve years later, Gus the Great, the Book of the Month Club selection for September 1947, was published. The book was a runaway best seller, and its author, Thomas W. Duncan, is reputed to have earned $250,000 (equivalent to $2,649,000 in 2016) in royalties from it, including $100,000 (equivalent to $1,060,000 in 2016) from Universal Studios for the movie rights. It is the story of the life and adventures of Gus Burgoyne, a circus owner of questionable character.[125] Duncan was a college friend of Hill Lakin, the editor of the Blue Island Sun-Standard, and, after a visit to the town's industrial section, he was inspired to use it for several scenes for his book.

Music

Sheet music cover for "Blue Island Blues", 1923, featuring Jack Chapman and his Drake Hotel Orchestra

Because of the wide popularity of performers such as W. C. Handy, the blues became a popular musical genre during the Roaring Twenties. It is not surprising, then, that when Wendell Hall, Harry Geise and Emory O'Hara were looking for a title for their 1923 composition, they hit upon the name "Blue Island Blues"[126] The sheet music for it was published that year by Waterson, Berlin & Snyder Co. Described by the New York Times art critic John S. Wilson as a "striking and colorful original composition",[127] it is a plaintive love song about a man who is missing his girl and "...has a ticket to Chicago..." that will be used to help him "... lose - those Yesterday's - Blue Island Blues". It was performed in 1923 by Hall with The Virginians on the Victor Talking Machine Company (now RCA Records) record label and again in 1929 by Tiny Parham. An instrumental version is currently available on the CD by George Shearing and Brian Torff entitled Lullaby of Birdland: Blues Alley Jazz/On a Clear Day which was released by Concord Records in 2000.

Television and film

Because of its picturesque nature, Blue Island has been used for location shots in several movies and television series:

Blue Island also appeared regularly in the television show Cupid, and two episodes of the TV series Early Edition were filmed there.

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Quaife, Milo Milton (2010) [1923]. Chicago's Highways, Old and New - From Indian Trail to Motor Road. Chicago: D.F. Keller & Co. pp. 60, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-153-36339-6.
  2. ↑ Andreas, Alfred T. (1884). History of Cook County Illinois. Chicago: A.T. Andreas. p. 629.
  3. ↑ Jebsen, Jr., Harry A. A. (1971). Blue Island, Illinois: The History of a Working-Class Suburb. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, International. p. 131.
  4. ↑ Third Annual Report of the Rock Island, p.9
  5. ↑ Census Schedules, 1850
  6. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  7. ↑ "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-25.
  8. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  10. 1 2 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Blue Island city, Illinois". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates (DP-1): Blue Island city, Illinois". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  12. ↑ "How Chicago's suburbs were platted and named - No. 3 Southern District". The Chicago Daily Tribune 28: 37. March 4, 1900.
  13. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Chicago - "Blue Island", retrieved 4/1/2010
  14. ↑ Bateman, Newton; Selby, Paul (1905). Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois - Cook County Edition - Illustrated - Volume II. Chicago: Munsell Publishing Company. p. 778.
  15. ↑ Stevens, R.R. (June 25, 1877). "Circuit Court - New Suits". Chicago Daily Law Bulletin. p. 2.
  16. ↑ "Blue Island Illinois Real Estate". greatchicagorealestate.com. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
  17. ↑ "Blue Island". illinois.com. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
  18. ↑ Album of genealogy and biography, Cook County, Illinois : with portraits - Eighth Edition, Revised and Extended. Chicago: Calumet Book and Engraving Co. 1897. pp. 481–483. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  19. ↑ Volp, John Henry (1938). The First Hundred Years - 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: Blue Island Publishing. p. 23.
  20. ↑ Andreas, A.T. (1984). History of Chicago - From the Earliest Period to the Present Time - Complete in One Volume. A.T. Andreas Publishing Co., Publishers. pp. 637–638.
  21. ↑ Schapper, Ferdinand (1917). Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War. Chicago History Museum: Manuscript. p. 232.
  22. ↑ Bureau of Land Management - General Land Office Records. Accessed 1/20/2010
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  28. ↑ Volp, John Henry (1938). The First Hundred Years - 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: Blue Island Publishing. p. 123.
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  31. ↑ Oswald, Joseph C.; The Ridge Historical Society (2003). Images of America - Chicago's Beverly Hills/Morgan Park neighborhood. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-3153-3. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
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  33. ↑ Metropolitan Planning Council. "Metropolitan Planning Council - Home". Metropolitan Planning Council.
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  35. ↑ Broden, Scott (November 19, 1995). "Street of Dreams - Blue Island's Olde Western Avenue Was Once a Bustling Place on Market Day, Now After Harder Times, It's seeing a Rebirth.". Chicago Tribune. 1, Tempo Southwest.
  36. ↑ Volp, John Henry (1938). The First Hundred Years - 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: Blue Island Publishing. p. 148.
  37. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Chicago - Blue Island Opera House, 1908
  38. ↑ jason. "Blue Island Opera House". City of Blue Island.
  39. ↑ jodi. "Historic Landmark & District Requirements". City of Blue Island.
  40. ↑ "Homepage - Moraine Valley Community College". Moraine Valley Community College.
  41. ↑ Andreas, A.T. (1986). History of Chicago - From the Earliest Period to the Present Time - In Three Volumes. A.T. Andreas Publishing Co., Publisher. p. 76.
  42. ↑ Volp, John Henry (1938). The First Hundred Years - 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: Blue Island Publishing. p. 49.
  43. ↑ "The Clifton Brickyard, Blue Island". Clay and Brick Record 14 (3): 136. March 1901.
  44. ↑ Morrison, Hugh (1935). Louis Sullivan - Prophet of Architecture. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 268.
  45. ↑ Curt Teich & Co.; North Suburban Library System (1951). "Postcard depicting Blue Island's City Hall, Police Dept. & Fire Dept.". Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  46. 1 2 Spears, Charles (October 30, 1937). "La Julia Rhea Gets Singular Recognition". The Pittsburgh Courier: 9.
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  48. ↑ "Chemical Character of Chicago Waters - Niagara Formation - Local Supplies - Vicinity of Chicago - Blue Island". The Illinois State Geological Survey - The Artesian Waters of Northeastern Illinois 34: 102–3. 1919.
  49. ↑ "Wenderoth Selected to Succeed James Taylor as Architect of the Treasury Department". The Cincinnati Enquirer: 3. June 7, 1912.
  50. ↑ Lohse, Martin, Chairman of the Dedication Book committee (1954). Dedication - First Evangelical Lutheran Church, Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island, Illinois. pp. 15, 22–23.
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  53. ↑ "Rudd Called by Death Suddenly Friday Morning - Willis Rudd, Mt. Greenwood Cemetery Head, Victim of Weakened Heart - Authority on Flowers". Suburban Economist (December 3): 9. 1925.
  54. ↑ Curt Teich & Co.; North Suburban Library System (1921). "Central Park, Blue Island, Illinois". Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  55. ↑ Gorman, Harry G. (April 16, 1965). "Council Acts on Stadium Sale - City to Receive $75,000". The Citizen. p. 1.
  56. ↑ Rodkin, Dennis (July 2008). "Abel Bodied". Chicago Magazine. p. 102.
  57. ↑ "Obituary - Norman B. Rexford". The Chicago Daily Tribune 31 (May 6): 7. 1903.
  58. ↑ Blue Island Park District
  59. ↑ "Meadows Blue Island". meadowsgc.com.
  60. ↑ "Hall of Fame Sports Banquet set for April 3". Suburbanite Economist. March 14, 1974. Section IV Page1.
  61. ↑ "Don Kolloway Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac". baseball-almanac.com.
  62. ↑ "Joe Moeller". Baseball-Reference.com.
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  65. ↑ jason. "Rock Island Vermont Street Depot". City of Blue Island.
  66. ↑ Curt Teich & Co.; North Suburban Library System (1904). "I.C. Depot, Blue Island, IL". Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  67. ↑ The Organization of American Historians - The Pullman Strike of 1894. Retrieved 5/10/2010
  68. ↑ Pace Suburban Bus
  69. ↑ "Calumet-Sag Channel Bridges, Calumet-Sag Channel, Blue Island vicinity, Cook, IL". The Library of Congress - The Historic American Buildings Survey. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
  70. ↑ "The Library of Congress - The Historic American Building's Survey". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
  71. ↑ Wright, James R. (2009). Images of America - The Dixie Highway in Illinois. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6002-1. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
  72. ↑ "Contracting News - Where New Work will be done". The Sanitary News. XVIII (381): 23. May 23, 1891.
  73. 1 2 AmericanTowns.com, accessed 02/05/2009
  74. ↑ Andreas, Alfred T. (1884). History of Cook County Illinois. Chicago: A.T. Andreas. p. 630.
  75. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Chicago - Englewood
  76. ↑ "WELCOME TO POSEN-ROBBINS SCHOOL DISTRICT 143.5." Posen-Robbins School District 143½. Retrieved on February 24, 2013.
  77. 1 2 http://www.district130.org
  78. 1 2 Blue Island: The First 100 Years by John Henry Volp
  79. ↑ "Blue Island Mother of Sorrows Catholic High School".
  80. ↑ "About Us". ETI School of Skilled Trades.
  81. ↑ Curt Teich & Co. postcard no. 60274.
  82. ↑ Hasbrouk, Wilburt R. (2005). The Chicago Architectural Club. New York: Monacelli. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-58093-144-1.
  83. ↑ Dickinson, Lora Townsend (1956). The Story of Winnetka. Winnetka: Winnetka Historical Society. pp. 131–132.
  84. ↑ "The Library of Congress.". The Library of Congress.
  85. ↑ http://www.librarylearning.info/libraries/building.aspx?buildingID=72990
  86. ↑ MetroSouth Medical Center
  87. ↑ Curt Teich & Co.; North Suburban Library System (1921). "St. Francis Hospital, Blue Island, Illinois". Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
  88. ↑ "Topic Galleries". Chicago Tribune.
  89. ↑ U.S. News and World Report (2012). "Health - Best Hospitals in Illinois". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
  90. ↑ Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission Landmark Tour - Dr. Aaron Heimbach House. Retrieved 10/30/2009
  91. ↑ "Landmarks Illinois: Preservation Awards". landmarks.org.
  92. ↑ Landmarks Illinois. Retrieved 10/30/2009
  93. ↑ http://www.robertseyfartharchitect.com
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  95. ↑ "Blue Island to Dedicate School, Wing - Hold Open House Today in Blue Island School". The Chicago Daily Tribune: SW5. November 11, 1956.
  96. ↑ "Heimbach House period image". bertrandgoldberg.org.
  97. ↑ McCutcheon, Jr., John (June 16, 1946). "Dentist Turns First Spade at his Prize Home - 19 Other War Veterans Are in Tribune Plan". The Chicago Daily Tribune: SW2.
  98. ↑ Peck, Janet (October 5, 1946). "Women Agree - Tribune Prize Home a 'Honey' - Admire Blend of Beauty and Practicality". The Chicago Daily Tribune: S6.
  99. ↑ The Chicago Tribune. "1946 Exhibition History". The Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
  100. ↑ Prize Homes - 92 Houses, Complete with Floor Plans and Elevations, including the 24 Prize Winners in Full Color and 68 other Excellent Designs Submitted in the Chicago Tribune's $24,000 Chicagoland Prize Homes Competition. Chicago: Chicago: Wilcox & Follett Company. 1948. p. 43.
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  102. ↑ http://www.patsabin.com/illinois/majestic.html
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  104. ↑ National Register of Historic Places - Property Information Report - The Joshua P. Young House. Retrieved 4/22/2010
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  109. ↑ Moore, Powell A. (1959). The Calumet Region - Indiana's Last Frontier. Indiana Historical Collections, Volume XXXIX. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau. p. 72.
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  146. ↑ Lane, Linda (December 12, 1936). "What? Cobwebs in Hour? Must be Hollywood!". The (San Mateo) Times: 16. delete character in |journal= at position 5 (help)
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  148. ↑ Neville, Lucy (July 19, 1938). "Safety First - At Last". The San Bernardino County News: 32.
  149. ↑ "Noted Dancer Saved from Drowning". The San Bernardino County News: 6. October 25, 1935.
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  153. ↑ Ross, Kenneth (April 30, 1974). "A.M.B.I. predicts branch banking O.K.". The Chicago Tribune: C7.
  154. ↑ jason. "Robert Seyfarth House". City of Blue Island.

Further reading

  • Jebsen, Harry A. (1971). Blue Island, Illinois: The History of a Working Class Suburb. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, International. 
  • Jellema, Kenneth A. (1989). The City on the Hill - An Historical Tour. Blue Island: The Blue Island Historical Society. 
  • The Lions Club of Blue Island (1962). The Blue Island Story - an Historical Review of the First One Hundred and Twenty-Seven Years of our City on the Hill, Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: The Blue Island Publishing Corporation. OCLC 9159485. 
  • Schapper, Ferdinand (1917). Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil war by Ferdinand Schapper of Blue Island, Illinois, and presented by him to the Chicago Historical Society, 1917, Volume 1. Blue Island: Manuscript. 
  • Schapper, Ferdinand (1917). The Early settlers and their Families, Volume 2. Blue Island: Manuscript. 
  • Schapper, Ferdinand (1917). Views of Blue Island, Index of early Settlers, their Families, etc., Volume 3. Blue Island: Manuscript. 
  • Volp, John Henry (1938). The First Hundred Years - 1835–1935, Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois. Blue Island: Blue Island Publishing. OCLC 13618584. 

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