Brampton

Brampton (/ˈbræmptən/ or /ˈbræmtən/) is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is a suburban city in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the seat of Peel Region. The city has a population of 523,911 as of the Canada 2011 Census, and is Canada's ninth-most populous municipality.^[2]

Brampton was incorporated as a village in 1853, taking its name from the market town of Brampton, in Cumbria, England. The city was once known as The Flower Town of Canada, a title based on its large greenhouse industry. Today, Brampton's major economic sectors include advanced manufacturing, retail administration and logistics, information and communication technologies, food and beverage, life sciences and business services.

History

John Haggert, Brampton's first mayor

Main article: History of Brampton

Prior to the 1800s, all real business in Chinguacousy Township took place at Martin Salisbury's tavern. One mile distant at the corner of Main and Queen streets, now the recognised centre of Brampton, William Buffy's tavern was the only significant building. At the time, the area was referred to as "Buffy's Corners". By 1834, John Elliott laid out the area in lots for sale, calling it "Brampton", which was soon adopted by others.^[3]

In 1853, a small agricultural fair was set up by the newly initiated County Agricultural Society of the County of Peel, and was held at the corner of Main and Queen streets. Grains, produce, roots, and dairy products were up for sale. Horses and cattle, along with other lesser livestock, were also sold at market. This agricultural fair eventually became the modern Brampton Fall Fair. In that same year Brampton was incorporated as a village.^[3]

By 1869, Brampton, with a population of 1800, was in the County Town of Peel in the Township of Chinguacousy. It was a Station of the Grand Trunk Railway. The County buildings were erected c. 1869 of freestone and white brick.^[4]

A federal grant allowed the village to found its first public library in 1887, which included 360 volumes from the Mechanic's Institute (est 1858). In 1907, the library received a grant from the Carnegie Foundation, set up by United States steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, to build a new, expanded library; it serves several purposes, featuring the Brampton Library. The Carnegie libraries were built on the basis of communities coming up with matching funds and guaranteeing maintenance.

A group of regional farmers in Brampton had trouble getting insurance from city-based companies. After several meetings in Clairville Hall, they decided to found the County of Peel Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In 1955, when the company moved to its third and current location, 103 Queen Street West, it took the new name of Peel Mutual Insurance Company. It reigns as the longest-running company in modern Brampton. Harmsworth Decorating Centre was established in 1890, as Harmsworth and Son, operated out of the family's house on Queen Street West. The current location was purchased on September 1, 1904, after a fire destroyed their original store. Purchased for $1,400, the 24 Main Street South location is the longest-operating retail business in what is now Brampton.

Edward Dale, an immigrant from Dorking, England, established a flower nursery in Brampton^[5] shortly after his arrival in 1863.^[6] Dale's Nursery became the town's largest^[5] and most prominent employer, developed a flower grading system,^[6] and established a global export market for its products.^[5] The company chimney was a town landmark,^[6] until Brampton Town Council allowed it to be torn down in 1977.^[6] At its height, the company had 140 greenhouses,^[7] and was the largest cut flower business in North America,^[8] producing 20 million blooms and introducing numerous rose and orchid varietals and species to the market.^[8] It also spurred the development of other nurseries in the town. Forty-eight hothouse flower nurseries once did business in the town.^[6]^[8]

Mid-way through the twentieth century, the two townships of Chinguacousy and Toronto Gore were incorporated into Brampton. The small pine added to the center of the shield on the Brampton city flag represents Chinguacousy, honouring the Chippewa chief Shinguacose, "The Small Pine." After this merger, outlying communities such as Bramalea, Heart Lake and Professor's Lake, Snelgrove, Tullamore, and Mayfield, were developed.

In 1963, the town established The Flower Festival of Brampton, based on the Rose Festival of Portland, Oregon in the United States. It began to market itself as the Flower Town of Canada.^[6]

In a revival of this theme, on 24 June 2002, the City Council established the "Flower City Strategy",^[9]^[10] to promote a connection to its flower-growing heritage.^[11] The intention was to inspire design projects and community landscaping to beautify the city, adopt a sustainable environmental approach, and to protect its natural and cultural heritage.^[11] The Rose Theatre was named in keeping with this vision and is to serve as a cultural institution in the city.^[6] In addition, the city participates in the national Communities in Bloom competition as part of that strategy.

The Old Shoe Factory, located on 57 Mill Street North, once housed the Hewetson Shoe Company. It was listed as a historical property under the Ontario Heritage Act in 2008. Today it is occupied by various small businesses. The lobby and hallways retain details from 1907. Walls are decorated with pictures and artifacts of local Brampton history and old shoe making equipment.^[12]

A self-guided historical walking tour of downtown Brampton called, "A Walk Through Time".,^[13] is available at Brampton City Hall and online free of cost.

Development of Bramalea

Main article: Bramalea, Ontario

Developed as an innovative "new town", Bramalea was constructed approximately 40 kilometres northwest of Toronto. Located in the former Chinguacousy Township, it was Canada's first satellite community developed by one of the country's largest real estate developers, Bramalea Limited. The name "Bramalea" was created by the farmer William Sheard, who combined "BRAM" from Brampton, "MAL" from Malton (then a neighbouring town which is now part of the city of Mississauga), and "LEA", an Old English word meaning meadow or grassland. He sold the land to Brampton Leasing (the former name of the developer) and built one of Bramalea's first houses on Dixie Road.

The community was developed according to its detailed master plan, which included provisions for a parkland trail system and a "downtown" to include essential services and a shopping centre. The downtown's centrepiece was the Civic Centre, built in 1972 to include the city hall and library. Directly across Team Canada Drive, a shopping centre named Bramalea City Centre was built. These developments were connected by a long underground tunnel, planned to provide protection from winter weather. But, the tunnel has long since been closed due to safety issues. Urbanists have also found that pedestrians at street level make for much livelier and safer streets. Other features included a police station, fire hall, bus terminal, and a collection of seniors' retirement homes.

Each phase of the new city was marked with progressing first letters of street names. Development started with the "A" section, with street names such as Argyle, Avondale, and Aloma. Developers then created a "B" section, "C" section, and so forth. Children on the boundaries of these divisions would regularly compete in street hockey games, pitting, for example, the "D" section versus the "E" section.

The community was initially developed with a large number of recreational facilities, including tennis courts, playgrounds, hockey/lacrosse rinks and swimming pools. An extensive parkland trail and sidewalk system connects the entire community.

Region of Peel

Brampton in the Region of Peel

Brampton's City Hall

In 1974, the Ontario provincial government decided to update Peel County's structure. It amalgamated a series of villages into the City of Mississauga. In addition, it created the new City of Brampton from the greater portion of the Townships of Chinguacousy and Toronto Gore, including Bramalea and the other communities such as Claireville, Ebenezer, Victoria, Springbrook, Churchville, Coleraine, and Huttonville. While only Huttonville and Churchville still exist as identifiable communities, other names like Claireville are re-emerging as names of new developments.

The province converted Peel County into the Regional Municipality of Peel. Brampton retained its role as the administrative centre of Peel Region, which it already had as county seat. The regional council chamber, the Peel Regional Police force, the public health department, and the region's only major museum, the Peel Art Gallery, Museum and Archives, are all located in Brampton.

This change had its critics among those with a strong sense of local identities. Bramptonians feared urban sprawl would dissolve their town's personality. Bramalea residents took pride in the built-from-scratch and organised structure that had come with their new city and did not want to give it up. Others in Bramalea accept they are part of Brampton, and they make up the tri-city area: Brampton, Heart Lake, Bramalea.

In 1972, Bramalea had built its civic centre. Two years later, when Brampton and Bramalea merged, the new city's council chambers and other facilities were installed in the Bramalea building. They were moved from Brampton's modest downtown locale. The library systems of Brampton and Bramalea were joined, resulting in a system of four locations.

Some have questioned the future of Peel Region as encompassing all of Brampton, Mississauga, and Caledon. The Mississauga council, led by Mayor Hazel McCallion, voted to become a single-tier municipality and asked the provincial government to be separated from Peel Region. They argued the city has outgrown the need for a regional layer of government, and that Mississauga is being held back by supporting Brampton and Caledon with its municipal taxes.

Development as a city

The early 1980s brought new residential development, as Brampton released large tracts of land to developers. In 1995 the large new suburban community of Springdale was developed, contributing to what people consider urban sprawl. This area had its largest boom in 1999, when development started to appear as far north as the city's border with Caledon. The region has designated this border as the line of demarcation for urban development until 2021. Neighbouring communities not part of Peel Region have also been dramatically affected by the city's sudden spurt. The end of Brampton and start of Georgetown, for example, has no identifiable boundary.

In the early 1980s, Cineplex Odeon closed the Capitol Theatre in Brampton. The City bought the facility in 1981 under the leadership of councillor Diane Sutter. It adapted the former vaudeville venue and movie house as a performing arts theatre, to be used also as a live music venue. It was renamed the Heritage Theatre. Renovations and maintenance were expensive. In 1983, Toronto consultants Woods Gordon reported to the City that, rather than continue "pouring money" into the Heritage, they should construct a new 750-seat facility with up-to-date features. This recommendation was adopted, and the city designated the 2005/06 as the Heritage Theatre's "grand finale" season. The city funded construction of the new Rose Theatre, which opened in September 2006.

Carabram was founded in 1984, the result of volunteers from different ethnic communities wanting to organise a festival celebrating diversity and cross-cultural friendship. The name was loosely related to Toronto's Caravan Festival of Cultures. Carabram's first event featured Italian, Scots, Ukrainian, and West Indian pavilions. By 2003, the fair had 18 pavilions attracting 45,000 visitors. The national government of Canada had an anchor pavilion in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and for Carabram's 25th Anniversary in 2009.

Responding to a growing multi-cultural population, the Peel Board of Education introduced evening English as a Second Language (ESL) classes at high schools. Originally taught by volunteers, the classes eventually were scheduled as daytime courses taught by paid instructors. In the 1980s, the public and Catholic board expanded its languages programs, offering night classes in 23 languages. These were introduced due to requests by parents, who wanted their children to learn their ancestral languages and heritage. Brampton has a very large South Asian population, which is expected to grow at a high rate.

In the early 1990s, Mayor Ken Whillans gained approval and funding for construction of a new city hall in Brampton's downtown. The facility was designed by local architects and constructed by Inzola Construction. Whillians did not get to see the opening of the new hall because of his death in August of that same year. With the return of city government to downtown Brampton, politicians and businesses allied to revitalize the core.

Changes continue to reflect the growth of the city. In 1992 the City purchased the Brampton Fair Grounds, to be used for other development. The Agricultural Society relocated in 1997 outside the boundaries of the city to Heart Lake and Old School roads. In 1997 the Health Services Restructuring Commission (HSRC) decided to amalgamate Georgetown and District Memorial Hospital, Etobicoke General Hospital, and Peel Memorial Hospital as the William Osler Health Centre. It became what is now the province's 6th-largest hospital corporation.

Brampton's 2003 Sesquicentennial celebrations boosted community spirit, reviving the tradition of a summer parade (with 100 floats), and creating other initiatives. To commemorate the town's history, the city under Mayor Fennell reintroduced floral projects to the community. These have included more plantings around town, the revival in 2005 of the city Parade, and participation in the Canada Communities in Bloom project.

Current events

Set to open in 2017, The New Peel Memorial Centre for Integrated Health and Wellness will provide Health and Wellness services to the community. Some of these services include Senior Services, Day-surgery services, Mental Health Services, and Diabetes Services.

Erin Oaks Kids Center for Treatment and Development's 121,000 SQ FT campus is set to open in 2017. The new Brampton facility will serve children with disabilities and their families.

In 2015, the province announced funding for the Hurontario Light Rail Transit project along Hurontario Street from Port Credit in Missisauga to Steeles Avenue in Brampton. This is a 1.6 Billion Dollar Investment. Construction expected to start in 2018.

In 2015, the new City Hall Expansion (West Tower) was completed. Its purpose was to meet the needs and demands of new and future administration space for the city. It is connected to old city hall by the pedestrian bridge over George Street.

In 2014, the province announced a massive expansion and redevelopment project to the existing highway #410 in Brampton. The project includes widening the highway, resurfacing the highway, new overhead signs, lighting, medians, an HOV lane, new guardrails, landscaping and ponds.

2010-2014 saw the creation and expansion of the ZUM transit system. ZUM services connect Brampton residents within major destinations in the City, as well as outside the city with Routes heading to employment corridors in Woodbridge, York University (Toronto), Humber College (Toronto), and Square One (Mississauga). ZUM is expected to further expand into 2016 and 2017.

In 2010, The Bramalea City Center underwent a massive expansion, renovation, and new higher end retail. This was a $165,000,000 investment.

In September 2007, the new Rose Theatre opened its doors in downtown Brampton. By 2008, the facility had attracted over 137,000 patrons, surpassing its five-year goal in its first season. As hoped, the theatre has been a catalyst for downtown revitalization. Since its opening, new businesses have opened, established businesses have renovated their storefronts, and several high-rise residential condominium projects are either under construction or in the planning phases. In December 2007, the Toronto Star published an article entitled, "Brampton comes alive," which documents the latest in the city's revitalisation plans and progress.

In May 2012, the Brampton City Council voted unanimously in favour of a secondary bid as a hosting city for the 2015 Pan Am Games being held in Toronto. The initial plan had the City of Brampton as one of the hosting venues for the summer games. But, following a venue plan change, it appeared that was not likely. Ian Troop, the CEO of the organisation committee, said that changes needed to be made as "the benefits of clustering are that you create economies of scale, the goal for our refined and improved venue plan is to reduce the operational complexities of the event, save costs, deliver an athlete-centred Games that facilitates great performance and create a much richer spectator experience."

Geography and climate

Brampton has a total land area of 265 square kilometres (102 sq mi). The City of Brampton is bordered by Highway 50 (Vaughan) to the East, Winston Churchill Boulevard (Halton Hills) to the West, Mayfield Road (Caledon) to the north (except for a small neighbourhood, Snelgrove, which is part of Brampton despite extending somewhat north of Mayfield Road) and the hydro corridor (Mississauga) to the south except at Finch Avenue (at this point, Finch Avenue serves as the border between the two cities).

Climate data for Brampton (Lester B. Pearson International Airport)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high humidex	19.0	14.8	29.2	37.9	42.6	45.0	50.3	46.6	48.0	39.1	28.6	23.9	50.3
Record high °C (°F)	17.6 (63.7)	14.9 (58.8)	25.6 (78.1)	31.1 (88)	34.4 (93.9)	36.7 (98.1)	37.6 (99.7)	38.3 (100.9)	36.7 (98.1)	31.6 (88.9)	25.0 (77)	20.0 (68)	38.3 (100.9)
Average high °C (°F)	−0.4 (31.3)	2.1 (35.8)	6.9 (44.4)	12.2 (54)	18.8 (65.8)	24.2 (75.6)	27.1 (80.8)	26.0 (78.8)	21.6 (70.9)	14.3 (57.7)	7.6 (45.7)	1.4 (34.5)	13.0 (55.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−5.5 (22.1)	−4.5 (23.9)	−0.1 (31.8)	7.1 (44.8)	13.1 (55.6)	18.6 (65.5)	21.5 (70.7)	20.6 (69.1)	16.2 (61.2)	9.5 (49.1)	3.7 (38.7)	−2.2 (28)	8.2 (46.8)
Average low °C (°F)	−9.4 (15.1)	−8.7 (16.3)	−4.5 (23.9)	1.9 (35.4)	7.4 (45.3)	13.0 (55.4)	15.8 (60.4)	15.1 (59.2)	10.8 (51.4)	4.6 (40.3)	−0.2 (31.6)	−5.8 (21.6)	3.3 (37.9)
Record low °C (°F)	−31.3 (−24.3)	−31.1 (−24)	−28.9 (−20)	−17.2 (1)	−5.6 (21.9)	0.6 (33.1)	3.9 (39)	1.1 (34)	−3.9 (25)	−8.3 (17.1)	−18.3 (−0.9)	−31.1 (−24)	−31.3 (−24.3)
Record low wind chill	−44.7	−38.9	−36.2	−25.4	−9.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	−8.0	−13.5	−25.4	−38.5	−44.7
Average precipitation mm (inches)	51.8 (2.039)	47.7 (1.878)	49.8 (1.961)	68.5 (2.697)	74.3 (2.925)	71.5 (2.815)	75.7 (2.98)	78.1 (3.075)	74.5 (2.933)	61.1 (2.406)	75.1 (2.957)	57.9 (2.28)	785.9 (30.941)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	25.1 (0.988)	24.3 (0.957)	32.6 (1.283)	63.0 (2.48)	74.3 (2.925)	71.5 (2.815)	75.7 (2.98)	78.1 (3.075)	74.5 (2.933)	60.6 (2.386)	68.0 (2.677)	34.0 (1.339)	681.6 (26.835)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	29.5 (11.61)	24.0 (9.45)	17.7 (6.97)	4.5 (1.77)	0.02 (0.008)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.4 (0.16)	7.5 (2.95)	24.9 (9.8)	108.5 (42.72)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)	15.1	11.6	12.4	12.5	12.5	10.8	10.4	10.2	10.5	12.1	13.2	14.8	145.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)	5.4	4.6	7.4	11.3	12.5	10.8	10.4	10.2	10.5	12.0	11.0	7.1	113.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)	12.1	9.4	6.8	2.4	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	3.4	10.0	44.4
Average relative humidity (%)	80.8	79.3	78.1	75.4	77.2	79.8	81.9	85.7	87.4	85.2	83.3	81.8	81.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours	79.7	112.2	159.4	204.4	228.2	249.7	294.4	274.5	215.7	163.7	94.2	86.2	2,161.4
Percent possible sunshine	27.6	38.0	43.2	50.8	50.1	54.1	63.0	63.4	57.4	47.8	32.0	30.9	46.5
Source: Environment Canada^[14]

Demographics

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1858	50	—
1871	2,090	+4080.0%
1881	2,920	+39.7%
1891	3,252	+11.4%
1901	2,748	−15.5%
1911	3,412	+24.2%
1921	4,527	+32.7%
1931	5,532	+22.2%
1941	5,975	+8.0%
1951	8,389	+40.4%
1961	18,467	+120.1%
1971	41,211	+123.2%
1981	149,030	+261.6%
1991	234,445	+57.3%
1996	268,251	+14.4%
2001	325,428	+21.3%
2006	433,806	+33.3%
2011	523,911	+20.8%
Brampton annexed Chinguacousy Township—including the highly populated communities of Bramalea and Heart Lake—in 1974.

Visible minority and Aboriginal population (Canada 2011 Census)
Population group		Population	% of total population
South Asian		200,220	7001384000000000000♠38.4%
White		171,655	7001329000000000000♠32.9%
Black		70,290	7001135000000000000♠13.5%
Filipino		17,905	7000340000000000000♠3.4%
Latin American		11,405	7000220000000000000♠2.2%
Southeast Asian		8,630	7000170000000000000♠1.7%
Chinese		8,035	7000150000000000000♠1.5%
Arab		4,125	6999800000000000000♠0.8%
West Asian		3,485	6999700000000000000♠0.7%
Japanese		675	6999100000000000000♠0.1%
Korean		525	6999100000000000000♠0.1%
Other Visible Minority		13,555	7000260000000000000♠2.6%
Multiple visible minority		7,385	7000140000000099999♠1.4%
Total visible minority population		346,230	7001664000000000000♠66.4%
Aboriginal group^[15]	First Nations	1,980	6999400000000000000♠0.4%
	Métis	1,115	6999200000000000000♠0.2%
	Inuit	60	5000000000000000000♠0%
	Aboriginal, n.i.e.	220	5000000000000000000♠0%
	Multiple Aboriginal identity	50	5000000000000000000♠0%
Total Aboriginal population		3,430	6999700000000000000♠0.7%
Total population		521,315	100%

^[16]^[17]

Religion

Some 50.5 percent of Brampton's population claimed various Christian denominations. The largest was Catholicism (26.0%), followed by various Protestant denominations, including Anglican, United Church, Lutheran, Baptist, and Reformed, while the remaining numbers of Christians consists mostly of the Eastern Orthodox rite. Other religions with a notable presence include Sikhism (18.8%), Hinduism (12.1%), and Islam (7.1%). Nearly 10 percent of the population does not identify with a particular religion.^[15] The Toronto Ontario Temple for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is located in Brampton.^[20]

Religion in Brampton (2011)

Christianity (50.5%)

Sikhism (18.8%)

Hinduism (12.1%)

Islam (7.1%)

Other or not religious (14.9%)

Population growth

With a population of 523,911,^[2] Brampton is the third-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the ninth-largest city in Canada. With the median age at 33.7, it is the youngest community in the GTA.

Due to a number of converging factors in Toronto, including an exponential rise in the cost of real estate, and high property and corporate taxes, it is an increasingly expensive place to live. Brampton has attracted residents and businesses due to its proximity to the Pearson International Airport and road infrastructure, population growth, cost of land, and more favourable corporate tax structure. It is becoming a prime location for corporate head offices, factories, warehouses, etc., as well as the typical domestic goods and services required to provide for the population.

Languages

The 2011 census found that English was spoken as mother tongue by 51.7% of the population. The next most common language was Punjabi, spoken by 17.5% of the population, followed by Urdu at 2.8%, and Portuguese and Gujarati at 2.1% each.^[21]

Mother tongue	Population	Percentage
English	269,790	51.7%
Punjabi	91,345	17.5%
Urdu	14,580	2.8%
Portuguese	11,095	2.1%
Gujarati	11,040	2.1%
Spanish	10,225	1.9%
Hindi	10,060	1.9%
Tamil	9,530	1.8%
Tagalog (Filipino)	8,785	1.7%
Italian	7,990	1.5%
French	4,375	1.0%

Economy

Companies with headquarters in Brampton include Loblaw Companies Ltd., among the largest employers.^[22] Others of the largest include Rogers Communications Inc., Chrysler Canada Brampton Assembly Plant, Maple Lodge Farms, Canadian Tire Corp, and formerly Zellers (offices and distribution), Coca-Cola Bottling Company Ltd., Gamma-Dynacare Medical Laboratories, and Olymel L.P.

The international companies of Bacardi, Brita, and Clorox have their Canadian national headquarters in the city. It is also the location of the Canadian Forces Army Reserve unit The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment).

Other major companies operating in Brampton include: IKO Industries, Best Buy (and Future Shop), Brafasco, Ford, Rogers Communications, Nortel, Para Paints, Nestlé, Chrysler Canada Ltd., Sofina Foods Inc, Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), Frito Lay Canada, MDA Space Missions, Goemans Appliances, and Parkinson Coach Line.

An automobile manufacturing facility was opened by American Motors (AMC) in 1960 as the Brampton Assembly Plant. In 1986, AMC developed a new, state-of-the-art operation at Bramalea. After AMC was acquired by Chrysler in 1987, AMC's Canadian division and its plants were absorbed; the older facility in Brampton closed in 1992. The newest factory was renamed Brampton Assembly; it is one of the city's largest employers, with over 4,200 workers when running at capacity.

Education

Brampton's only public higher education institution is Sheridan College, which also has a campus in Oakville. Founded in 1967, the local campus focuses on business training. The Oakville branch is the second-largest school of Art and Design in North America. Algoma University @ Brampton offers some courses at Market Square Business Centre, 24 Queen Street East. The closest universities to Brampton include York University and University of Toronto Mississauga.

Two main school boards operate in Brampton: the Peel District School Board, which operates secular anglophone public schools, and Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, which operates Catholic anglophone public schools. Under the Peel District School Board, the secondary schools are Bramalea, Brampton Centennial, Central Peel, Chinguacousy, Fletcher's Meadow, Harold M. Brathwaite, Heart Lake, Louise Arbour, Mayfield, North Park, Judith Nyman, Sandalwood Heights, Turner Fenton, David Suzuki, and Castlebrooke Secondary School, one of the newest. A total of 85 elementary and middle schools feed these high schools in the city.

Under the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, the secondary schools are Cardinal Leger, Holy Name of Mary, Notre Dame, St. Augustine, St. Edmund Campion, St. Roch, St. Marguerite d'Youville, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Cardinal Ambrozic. A total of 44 Catholic elementary and middle schools feed these high schools in the city.

The Conseil scolaire Viamonde operates secular Francophone schools serving the area. The Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud operates Catholic Francophone schools serving the area.

Culture

The Rose Theatre Fountain Stage

Brampton's Garden Square, facing Main St. North

The Rose Theatre along with Main St. and Queen St. as seen in a panorama of downtown Brampton

Several cultural entities in the city operate under the umbrella of the Brampton Arts Council. Located in the city is the Peel Art Gallery, Museum and Archives (PAMA, formerly the Peel Heritage Complex), which is run by the Region of Peel.^[23]

The Rose Theatre (originally the Brampton Performing Arts Centre), opened in September 2006. The City had expected the facility to generate $2.7 million in economic activity the first year, growing to $19.8 million by the fifth year. The Rose Theatre far surpassed projections, attracting more than 137,000 patrons in its inaugural year, which exceeded its five-year goal. The arrival of so many new patrons downtown has stimulated the development of numerous new businesses nearby. A new Fountain Stage was unveiled in June 2008 at the nearby Garden Square.

Brampton has six library locations to serve its half-million residents. With a ratio of one library per more than 80,000 residents, it has the lowest library ratio among major Canadian cities.

The City of Brampton's long-standing heritage conservation program was recognised with the 2011 Lieutenant Governor's Ontario Heritage Award for Community Leadership. In 2010 the City received an 'honourable mention' under the same provincial awards program.

Major shopping areas include Bramalea City Centre, Shoppers World, and "big box centre" Trinity Common Mall. The downtown area has some retail; the Centennial Mall and the Brampton Mall are also of note.

Media

Main article: Media in Peel

Brampton was one of the first areas where Rogers Cable offered its service. The city started a community access channel in the 1970s, which still operates. While some programs on the channel are produced in its Brampton studios, most are based in its Mississauga location. Christian specialty channel Vertical TV is based in Brampton.

The Brampton Guardian is the community's only newspaper. The city's first newspaper, The Daily Times, stopped circulation in the early 1980s. For a little over a year, The Brampton Bulletin attempted to challenge the Guardian, but it was dismantled after a series of editor changes.

Brampton is the official city of license for two radio stations, CIAO and CFNY. Both stations address their programming toward the entire Greater Toronto Area rather than exclusively to Brampton.

Sports and recreation

Main article: Sports in Brampton

Sports teams of Brampton
Club	League	Sport	Venue	Established	Disestablished	Championships
Brampton A's	National Basketball League of Canada	Basketball	Powerade Centre	2013	2015	0
Brampton Battalion	OHL	Hockey	Powerade Centre	1998	2013	0
Brampton Bears	Northern Football Conference	Football		1985	1995
Brampton Beavers	Marshall Premiership	Rugby	"The Beaver Dam" at MGS Sports Park	1963
Brampton Beast	ECHL	Hockey	Powerade Centre	2013		0
Bramalea Blues	Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League	Hockey	Powerade Centre	1972	2010	1
Brampton Canadettes Thunder	Canadian Women's Hockey League	Hockey	Powerade Centre	1999		0
Brampton Capitals	Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League	Hockey	Brampton Memorial Arena	1984		4
Brampton Excelsiors	Major Series Lacrosse Senior "A" Lacrosse League.	Box Lacrosse	Powerade Centre	1912		30
Junior Excelsiors	OLA Junior A Lacrosse League	Box Lacrosse	Brampton Memorial Arena	1971		4
Junior "b" Excelsiors	OLA Junior B Lacrosse League	Box Lacrosse	Victoria Park Arena	2012		0
Brampton Royals	Central Ontario Baseball Assoc.	Baseball	Dave Dash Memorial Field	1948		3
Brampton Senior Royals	Central Ontario Major Baseball Assoc.	Baseball	Dave Dash Memorial Field	2004		0
Bramalea Satellites	Northern Football Conference	Football		1974	1975
Brampton United FC	Canadian Soccer League, National Division	Soccer	Victoria Park Stadium	2002		1

Brampton is home to one professional sports franchise, the Brampton Beast of the ECHL, which plays at the Powerade Centre. From 2013 to 2015, the Powerade Center was also the home of the Brampton A's in the National Basketball League of Canada, however, they relocated to Orangeville, Ontario to decrease costs of operations of switching the arena floor from ice hockey to basketball.

The numerous sporting venues and activities includes the outdoor ice path for skating through Gage Park. Chinguacousy Park includes a ski lift, a Curling Club, and Tennis Centre for multi-season activities. In the summer, amateur softball leagues abound. Crowds line the beaches at Professor's Lake for the annual outdoor "shagging" display.

Every year since 1967, the Brampton Canadettes have hosted the Brampton Canadettes Easter Tournament in hockey.^[28] Women's and girls' hockey teams invade Brampton for 3½ days of head-to-head competition. Teams of all ages and categories from across Canada and the United States compete in this annual tournament. Teams from England, Switzerland, Japan, Kazakhstan and Russia attend this international tournament. Thousands of players and spectators pass through the doors during the tournament. There is no limit on the number of teams in a division.

The Intermediate AA and Midget AA divisions are highly scouted by local and United States colleges and universities seeking recruits for varsity teams. Teams from as far as Alaska and Calgary, Quebec and Carolina, Michigan and Minnesota, as well as virtually all hockey centres in Ontario, will compete in a minimum of 3 games each over the course of the tournament. Including championship finals, over 600 games are played in 3½ days.

Infrastructure

Health and medicine

Main articles: Brampton Civic Hospital and Peel Memorial Hospital

Courts

Grenville & William Davis Courthouse, Ontario Court of Justice, is located in Brampton at 7755 Hurontario Street (Hurontario Street at County Court).

Transportation

Public transit

Main articles: Brampton Transit and GO Transit

Brampton Transit bus at the now-relocated Bramalea City Centre Terminal

Local transit is provided by Brampton Transit, with connections to other systems such as Mississauga Transit, York Region Transit, Go Transit, and Toronto Transit Commission. Brampton also has a new Bus Rapid Transit system, "Züm" (pronounced Zoom), previously known as AcceleRide along Main St./Hurontario, Steeles Avenue and Queen Streets, which would form the backbone to its bus network. Züm received funding from the provincial government in 2006 to begin implementation of this system. The cash fare is $3.75 for single adult transfer, which is valid for 2 hours.

There is GO Bus service to York University and subway stations at Yorkdale Mall and York Mills in Toronto. There are three GO Train stations in Brampton: Bramalea, Brampton and Mount Pleasant.

Rail

Both Canadian National Railways and the Orangeville-Brampton Railway short line (formerly part of the Canadian Pacific Railway line) run through the city. CN's Intermodal Yards are located east of Airport Road between Steeles and the former Highway 7/Queen Street East. The CN Track from Toronto's Union Station, is the Georgetown GO Transit Rail Corridor providing commuter rail and bus services to and from Toronto with rail station stops at Bramalea, Downtown Brampton, and Mount Pleasant. Via Rail connects through Brampton as part of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor.

Air

Canada's busiest airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport (CYYZ), is located near Brampton, in Mississauga.^[29] For general aviation the city is served by the privately owned Brampton Airport (CNC3), located to the north of the city in neighbouring Caledon.

Road

Brampton is served by several major transportation routes: Highway 401 from Toronto is a short distance south in Mississauga, and can be reached by Highway 410, which runs north-south through the middle of the city. Highway 407 runs along the southern portion of the city, just north of the boundary with Mississauga. Steeles Avenue, which runs north of the 407, is another thoroughfare from Toronto. The former Highway 7 (now Regional Road 107 in Brampton) is another east-west corridor, (actually two, as it incorporates the eastern part of Queen Street and the western part of Bovaird Drive).

Representation in other media

Deepa Mehta's 2008 film Heaven on Earth is set in Brampton.^[30]

Notable Bramptonians

Main article: List of people from Brampton

Four people from Brampton have received the Order of Canada: Robert William Bradford, former Director of the National Aviation Museum; Michael F. Clarke, director at Evergreen, the Yonge Street Mission for street youth in Toronto; Howard Pawley, professor and former Premier of Manitoba; and William G. Davis, former Premier of Ontario.

Sports

Rick Nash in 2006, playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets

Basketball:Michael Meeks (internationally), Tyler Ennis (basketball), Tristan Thompson, Anthony Bennett (basketball)
Curling: Scott Bailey, Peter Corner, Graeme McCarrel, Wayne Middaugh, Allison Pottinger
Field hockey: Bernadette Bowyer
Figure skating: Vern Taylor, Mark Janoschak
Football: Courtney Stephen (CFL) Michael Bailey (CFL), Fernand Kashama (CFL), Chris Kowalczuk (CFL), Rob Maver (CFL), Jerome Messam (CFL, NFL), Jason Nugent (CFL), Junior Turner (CFL), Steven Turner (CFL), Jabar Westerman (CFL), Jamaal Westerman (NFL), James Yurichuk (CFL)^[31]
Golf: David Hearn; Steve Duplantis (caddy)
Hockey: Andrew Cassels, Mike Danton, Mike Dwyer, Todd Elik, Chris Felix, Sheldon Keefe, Tom Laidlaw, Andrew Martin (internationally), Kris Newbury, Rick Nash, Tyler Seguin, Jamie Storr, Mike Weaver, Mike Wilson, Sean Monahan, Tyler Graovac
Horse-racing: Sid C. Attard, Patrick Husbands, Robert P. Tiller, Emma-Jayne Wilson
Lacrosse: Jim Veltman (NLL)
Sailing: Kevin Stittle
Soccer: Gabe Gala (MLS), Atiba Hutchinson (Super Lig), Peter Roe (ASL, MISL), Murphy Wiredu, Doniel Henry, David "Junior" Hoilett, Paul Stalteri, Roger Thompson, Cyle Larin
Speed skating: Tyson Heung
Tennis: Jill Hetherington
Track and field: Charles Allen, Mark Boswell
Wrestling: Ohenewa Akuffo

Politics

Arts

Authors born in or living in Brampton include Rohinton Mistry and Edo Van Belkom.

Beaux Arts Brampton, VAB, and PAMA are of interest for artists wishing to integrate into the artistic community.

Visual arts notables from Brampton include Curtis Albert Williamson, co-founder of the Canadian Art Club (1907),^[32] etcher Caroline Helena Armington,^[33] Ronald Bloore, Member of the Order of Canada; Organiser and member of the "Regina Five",(1960)^[34] watercolourist Jack Reid, and William Ronald, who was raised in town. Norman Mills Price. Animators David Feiss and Jay Stephens grew up here.

Music acts from Brampton include Punk band The Flatliners, R&B singer Keshia Chanté, country singer Johnny Reid, "Metal Queen" Lee Aaron, pop singer Alyssa Reid, and rapper D-Pryde. Country singer and "World Champion Yodeler" Donn Reynolds lived here from 1969 to 1997.^[35] Barry Stock, guitarist from Three Days Grace was raised in Brampton, and currently resides in Caledon. Singer Alessia Cara was also born in Brampton.

Crystal Lori Boyd is a New Abstract Artist in Brampton. Her work can be found in Studio 4 at Beaux Arts Brampton.

Film, television and comedy

Comedian Russell Peters

Two notable comedians hail from Brampton, Scott Thompson and Russell Peters.

Comedic actor Michael Cera was born and raised in Brampton. Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Ashmore (Smallville) are Brampton-raised. Tyler Labine locally raised actor is currently the star of (Mad Love).

Other Brampton-born or affiliated actors include Paulo Costanzo, Jordan Gavaris, Gemini Award winner Kris Lemche and his younger brother Matt Lemche, Sabrina Grdevich, Nicole Lyn, Dulé Hill, film director Mark Penney, David Phillips, and Gemini Award-winner George R. Robertson.

Of those best known as voice actors, Brenna O'Brien (InuYasha, Zixx: Level Two). On-air media personalities Cassie Campbell, Chris Connor, Chris Cuthbert and Scott McGillivray have connections to the town.

Sister cities

Brampton has two formal sister cities.^[36]

References

"(Code 3521010) Census Profile". 2011 census. Statistics Canada. 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-08.

Notes

↑ Rayburn, Alan (2001). Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-8020-8293-0.
1 2 3 4 Statistics Canada: 2012
1 2 "Brampton's Beginning" in Bramptons's 100th Anniversary as an Incorporated Town: 1873–1973, Brampton: The Corporation of the Town of Brampton and the Brampton Centennial Committee, 1973, originally published in Ross Cumming, ed., Historical Atlas of Peel County, n.p.: Walker and Miles, 1877.
↑ The province of Ontario gazetteer and directory. H. McEvoy Editor and Compiler, Toronto : Robertson & Cook, Publishers, 1869
1 2 3 "Discover Brampton's History". City of Brampton. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bost, John (30 December 2007). "Without a trace". Book Review. Retrieved 2010-04-08. O’Hara tells the story of how the Dale Estate joined with the town to market the town as the "Flower Town of Canada" by instituting in 1963, The Flower Festival of Brampton, patterned after the great Rose Festival parade of Portland ,Oregon.
↑ O'Hara, Dale (September 2007). Acres of Glass: The Story of the Dale Estate and How Brampton Became "The Flower Town of Canada". Eastendbooks. ISBN 978-1-896973-39-5. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
1 2 3 "Brampton's FlowerTown Heritage". Retrieved 2010-04-08.
↑ "Flower City Strategy". City of Brampton. Retrieved 2010-04-08. On June 24, 2002, Council received and approved the "Flower City Strategy", with the expressed purpose of recapturing of Brampton’s Floral heritage.
↑ "Heritage". City of Brampton. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
1 2 "Environmental Responsibility". City of Brampton. Retrieved 2010-04-08. The City is taking steps to reclaim our "flower town" roots through the Flower City Strategy, a multifaceted approach that strives to beautify Brampton, preserve its natural and cultural heritage and protect the environment. An important part of this strategy is adopting a sustainable environmental approach that combines conservation with urban development and design, naturalisation and community landscaping.
↑ Hewetson Shoe Factory. City of Brampton. http://www.thewellbeing.ca/Clinic_Info.html
↑ "A Walk Through Time", City of Brampton, c.2010
↑ "Toronto Lester B. Pearson INT'L A". 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
1 2 "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
↑ Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census
↑ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
↑ 2006 Community Profiles
↑ "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
↑ "Toronto Ontario Temple". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
↑ "Brampton, CY". Census Profile for the Census Subdivision of Brampton (City), Ontario. Statistics Canada. 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
↑ "Address." Loblaw Companies Ltd. Retrieved on March 8, 2011. "Loblaw Companies Limited 1 President’s Choice Circle Brampton, Ontario, Canada L6Y 5S5"
↑ "Home - Peel Art Gallery Museum + Archives". m.pama.peelregion.ca. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
↑ http://www.brampton.ca/EN/residents/Community-Centres/DMG-Chinguacousy-Park/Mount-Chinguacousy/Pages/Welcome.aspx/
↑ bramptonhistoricalsociety.com
↑ bovairdhouse.ca
↑ http://www.brampton.ca/sites/rose-theatre/en/Pages/welcome.aspx
↑ http://www.bramptoncanadettes.com/main/tournaments_easter.html Archived August 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Greater Toronto Airports Authority draft plan for Pickering Airport, Greater Toronto Airports Authority (2003). Retrieved on 2006-12-08.
↑ "Mehta's film resonates with Indian women". The Star (Toronto). 2008-11-04. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
↑ Campbell, Mogan (2008-01-03). "Local boy not quite local enough for the CFL". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
↑ Christine Boyanoski (1944-04-18). "Williamson, Curtis Albert". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
↑ "Caroline Armington - Artist, Fine Art, Auction Records, Prices, Biography for Caroline Helena (Wilkinson) Armington". Askart.com. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
↑ Clara Hargittay (1925-05-29). "Bloore, Ronald". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
↑ Brampton Guardian. "Reynolds,Donn". Our Ontario Newspapers. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
1 2 3 "Economic Development Committee Committee of the Council of The Corporation of the City of Brampton" (PDF). City of Brampton. City of Brampton. March 2, 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016. City of Brampton currently has two formal Sister Cities; Page 7.1-1
1 2 "Municipal Cooperation, 1967–Present" (PDF). City of Brampton. April 2014.

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