Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Country  Brazil
Confederation CONMEBOL
Founded August 23, 1959;[1]
56 years ago[2]
Number of teams 20
Level on pyramid 1
Relegation to Série B
Domestic cup(s) Copa do Brasil
International cup(s) Copa Libertadores
Copa Sudamericana
Current champions Corinthians (6th title)
(2015 season)
Most championships Santos
Palmeiras
(8 titles each)
Most capped player Rogério Ceni (575)[3]
Top goalscorer Roberto Dinamite (190)
TV partners Globo
SporTV (Matches in Pay)
Premiere (matches in PPV)
Fox Sports (highlights and tape-delayed matches)
Website Official website
2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

The Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Brazilian Portuguese: [kãmpjoˈnatu braziˈlejɾu ˈsɛɾii ˈa]), commonly referred to as Campeonato Brasileiro and popularly as Brasileirão (Brazilian Portuguese: [brazilejˈɾãw]), is a Brazilian professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the Brazilian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B.

Organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation, the seasons usually run from May to December, with teams playing 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away) totalling 380 matches in the season. The league rounds usually played on Sunday afternoons and Wednesday evenings. It is currently sponsored by Chevrolet and thus officially known as the Brasileirão Chevrolet.

Due to historical peculiarities and the large geographical size of the country, Brazil has a relatively short history of nationwide football competitions. Only in 1959, with the advancements in civil aviation and air transport and the need to appoint a Brazilian representative to the first edition of the Copa Libertadores in 1960, was a nationwide tournament created, Taça Brasil. In 1967, the Torneio Rio-São Paulo was expanded to include teams from other states, becoming the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, which was also considered a national tournament. The first Campeonato Brasileiro with that name was held in 1971. The three tournaments - Taça Brasil, Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, and Brasileirão - were unified by CBF in the Brazilian championship history in 2010.[4]

The Campeonato Brasileiro is one of the strongest leagues in the world. The Campeonato Brasileiro contains the most club world champions titles, with 10 championships won among 6 clubs. The league is the second in containing the most clubs to have won the Copa Libertadores with 17 titles won among 10 clubs, only behind the Primera División Argentina, with 24 titles. The league is also one of the world's most powerful, ranked as the 6th most valuable with a worth of over US$1.43 billion. It is also one of the world's richest championships, generating an annual turnover of over US$1.17 billion in 2012. The Campeonato Brasileiro is the most-watched football league in the Americas and one of the world's most exposed, broadcast in 155 nations. The Brazilian championship was also ranked in the top 10 as one of the strongest leagues in the world (for the 2001-2012 period) by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS). Campeonato Brasileiro Série A placed fourth after Premier League (England), La Liga (Spain) and Serie A (Italy).[5]

Since 1959, a total of 17 clubs have been crowned Brazilian football champions, 12 of which have won the title more than once. Santos and Palmeiras are the most successful clubs of the Campeonato Brasileiro, having won the competition 8 times each, followed by São Paulo and Corinthians with 6 titles each. Santos' Os Santásticos, considered by some the best Brazilian club team of all times, won 5 consecutive titles between 1961 and 1965, a feat that remains unequaled until today. The State of São Paulo is the most successful state, amassing 28 titles among 5 clubs. A total of 156 clubs have played in the Campeonato Brasileiro since the first edition in 1959.

The reigning Brazilian champions are Corinthians, who won their 6th title during the 2015 season.

History

Genesis

Palestra Itália's 1933 squad were the first winners of Torneiro Rio-São Paulo.

As Brazilian football became more established in the 1920s, interest in interstate competition grew. The first of these competitions, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais, was first disputed in 1922 which brought together state football teams; the inaugural winner of the competition was São Paulo. Citing the difficulties in bringing together players from various clubs, clubs from the Rio de Janeiro Federal District and São Paulo opted to pit their best clubs against each other instead. The Torneio Rio-São Paulo, first disputed in 1933 and seeing further editions canceled due to low interest, became the optimal choice of interstate tournaments. This led the State Football team competition, a tournament that was disputed almost uninterrupted until 1950, lose much of its prestige. Five more editions later, the competition was scrapped with a celebratory one being disputed in 1987.

The Torneio Rio-São Paulo's, whose inaugural winners were Palestra Itália, kicked of again in 1950 with Corinthians winning the title. Five more Paulista sides won the competition afterwards until Fluminense broke São Paulo's streak in 1957. Vasco's Expresso da Vitória added a second title to Rio in 1958. That same year, the South American football confederation approved the creation of the Copa Libertadores, a competition for the national champions of each South American league. In light of this, the Brazilian Football Confederation created a competition that brought every Brazilian state champion to compete for a national tournament, being named Taça Brasil de Futebol.

Beginnings: Os Santásticos' legacy (1959-1970)

The Taça Brasil trophy.

The 1959 Taça Brasil, the first national club competition in the nation, had 16 participants. The final series between Santos and Bahia needed a tie-breaking playoff to decide the title with Bahia winning. The second edition of the competition saw Bahia dethroned by Fortaleza in the second stage. Fortaleza would go on to reach the final only to be defeated by Palmeiras.

Santos became the first club to retain the Brazilian national title in 1962, defeating Botafogo 5-0 in front of 70,324 spectators at the Maracanã Stadium. Os Santásticos also became the first squad in the world to win the Continental Treble, winning the Paulistão, the Taça Brasil, and the Copa Libertadores in 1962.[6][7]

Os Santásticos managed to win their third, consecutive title after defeating Bahia, this time with an 8-0 aggregate with Pelé responsible for four of those goals. A hat-trick from Pelé helped Santos defeat Flamengo 4-1 in the first leg of the 1964 Taça Brasil final at the Pacaembu Stadium. Santos was able to grind out a 0-0 draw in Rio de Janeiro, retaining the trophy again. Santos' record Pentacampeonato was achieved in 1965. With a brace from Dorval and Toninho, Santos ran out the winners on both legs of the final against a talented Vasco squad composed of young prospects, winning 6-1 on aggregate. Santos reached their sixth consecutive final in 1966; however, they fell short as Cruzeiro thumped Santos 9-4 on aggregate.

The World Cup of which I have the most painful memories of was that of 1966, played in England, in which Pelé was savagely kicked out by the Portuguese players (which none of them, I suspect, didn't even get warned). Seeing him leave the field injured, I felt the competition had lost its appeal.

“
”

—Enrique Meza, Mexico national football team's manager, 2000–2001, commenting on the violent method European teams eliminated Brazil and "stopped" Pelé at the 1966 FIFA World Cup; Nexos, January 6, 1998.[8]

As a result of the violence practiced often in the Copa Libertadores by Argentine and Uruguayan clubs,[9] disagreements with CONMEBOL, the lack of financial incentives and the violent, brutal and controversial way the Brazilian national team was treated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup by European teams, Brazilian football, including its clubs, declined to participate in international competition, including the Copa Libertadores and, ergo, the European/South American Cup, from 1966 to 1970; the 1966, 1969 and 1970 editions saw no Brazilian teams participating while Santos declined to participate in 1967.[10] Brazilian clubs instead prioritized tours around the world which were financially more lucrative than any official international competition at the time.

In order to take advantage of the exposure its clubs had, the Rio-São Paulo was expanded to include teams from the other states. The Rio-São Paulo started being called by its official name, Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (after the late Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, former president of the São Paulo state football federation who was also goalkeeper of São Paulo FC), nicknamed 'Robertão', to showcase this expanded nature to a nationwide tournament in the 1967 edition. The following year, the delay in closing the 1968 Taça Brasil made CBD use the Robertão to determine the Libertadores representants. With the extinction of the Taça Brasil, the Robertão, officially named by CBD as "Taça de Prata" (Silver Cup) remained the top Brazilian championship the following two years.[11]

The Brasileirão's establishment (1971-1980)

Following Brazil's third world title at the 1970 FIFA World Cup, president Emílio Médici decided to organize the Brazilian football better. In a reunion with the CBD and the club presidents in October 1970, it was decided to create the following year a true Brazilian championship contested by twenty teams, inspired by the national tournaments in the European nations. The first edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro, named "Campeonato Nacional" ("National Championship"), was held in 1971.[12] The top division was named "Divisão Extra" (Extra Division), while a newly created second division earned the "Primeira Divisão" (First Division) name.[13]

In 1979, all big clubs from São Paulo, except Palmeiras, withdrew from the competition. They protested against the odd system of tier qualification, which made their rivals, Palmeiras and Guarani, enter only in the final phase (due to their being previous-year finalists) and also asked for the same privileges. Guarani finished in the top 12, while playing only 3 games, and Palmeiras finished third, despite playing only 5 games, in a tournament with 96 entrants.

A Tempestuous decade (1981-1990)

In 1984, Juventus, a small club from São Paulo, managed to qualify for the Série A. Participants during that year could be promoted from and relegated to Série B in the middle of the tournament. Juventus thus started the tournament in the premiership, was relegated in the middle of the tournament, but eventually managed to clinch the Série B title.

In 1987, the CBF announced it was not able to organize the Brazilian football championship, a mere few weeks before it was scheduled to begin. As a result, the thirteen most popular football clubs in Brazil created a league, The Clube dos 13, to organize a championship of their own. This tournament was called Copa União and was run by the 16 clubs that eventually took part in it (Santa Cruz, Coritiba and Goiás were invited to join). The CBF initially stood by the Club of the 13 decision. However, weeks later, with the competition already underway, and under pressure from football clubs excluded from the Copa União, the CBF adopted a new set of rules, which considered the Copa União part of a larger tournament, comprising another 16 teams. According to that new set of rules, the Copa União would be dubbed the Green Module of the CBF championship, whereas the other 16 teams would play the Yellow Module. In the end, the first two teams of each Module would play each other to define the national champions and the two teams that would represent Brazil in the Copa Libertadores in 1988. However, that new set of rules was never recognized by the Club of the 13 and largely ignored by most of the Brazilian media, who concentrated their attention in the independent league, eventually won by Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. The eventual final which was set to be Sport Club of Recife vs Flamengo never materialized, with Flamengo refusing to partake in the final. As a result, Sport won the Championship for 1987 and went on to represent Brazil in the Copa Libertadores in 1988. Although Flamengo has attempted to gain ownership of the championship multiple times through the justice system, Sport remains recognized by both CBF and FIFA as 1987 Champions.


In 1999, an average relegation system was adopted, similar to the one used in the Primera División Argentina. The two clubs with the worst point results in the first stage of the two previous seasons were to be relegated. However, this system only lasted for a single season.

An era of growth (2001-2010)

Since 2003, Série A has been contested in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points champions.

For the 2006 season, the number of contestants was reduced to 20, and the bottom four are relegated to Série B. In 2006, a limit on the number of foreign players was set, so no team can have more than three foreign players on the field or on the bench in a single match.

In 2010, CBF decided to recognize the champions of the defuncts Taça Brasil and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa as Brazilian Champions, creating some controversy as there was a two-year period when both tournaments were held, thus Palmeiras was awarded two times for winning both in 1967 and both Santos and Botafogo were recognized as champions in 1968 as each tournament was won by one of them.[4]

In 2012, the current ranking of the IFFHS shows that the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A is the second best football league in the world, surpassed only by the Liga BBVA.

Competition format

Competition

There are 20 clubs in the Brasileirão. During the course of a season (from May to December) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, victories, goal difference, and goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:[14]

A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Brasileirão and the Série B. The four lowest placed teams in the Brasileirão are relegated to Série B, and the top four teams from the Série B promoted to the Brasileirão.

Qualification for international competitions

Peñarol vs Santos in the Centenario Stadium of Montevideo during the 2011 Copa Libertadores Finals.

The top four teams in the Brasileirão qualify for the Copa Libertadores. The top three teams directly enter the group stage. The fourth-placed team enters the Copa Libertadores at the play-off round for non-champions and must win a two-legged knockout tie to enter the group stage. One Copa Libertadores place is reserved for the winner of the Copa do Brasil. If the winner of the Copa do Brasil finishes the Brasileirão season between first and fourth place, the next-best placed finisher in the Brasileirão takes the vacant slot, "replacing" the one given by the domestic cup.

In qualifying for the Copa Sudamericana, the clubs eliminated during the Copa do Brasil's fourth phase are ranked by their record in the Brasileirão, determining the participants for the Copa Sudamericana. If the Brasileirão contains the defending champion(s) of the Copa Libertadores and/or Copa Sudamericana and they finish the Brasileirão in an international qualification zone, that place goes to the next-best placed team in the league.

Brazilian clubs who win the forementioned competitions have the opportunity to participate in the FIFA Club World Cup, the premier club competition in the world, the Recopa Sudamericana, which pits the winners of the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana against each other, as well as the Suruga Bank Championship against the Japanese J. League Cup champion.

Identities

Barring the Taça Brasil and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, along with the format changes the Brazilian championship had its official name changed often before settling on Campeonato Brasileiro in 1989.[15]

Identity English name Years Official Sponsor
Campeonato Nacional National Championship
1971-1973
 1970—2005: No sponsor
Copa Brasil Brazil Cup
1974—79, 1984, 1986
Taça de Ouro Golden Cup
1980—1983, 1985
Copa União Union Cup
1987—88
Copa João Havelange
n/a
2000
Campeonato Brasileiro Brazilian Championship
1989—
 2005: Nestlé (Taça Nestlé Brasileirão)[16]
2006—2008: No sponsor
2009—2013: Petrobrás (Brasileirão Petrobrás)[17][18]
2014—present: Chevrolet (Brasileirão Chevrolet)[19][20]

Teams (2016)

São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro teams:
Flamengo
Fluminense
Vasco
São Paulo teams:
Corinthians
Palmeiras
São Paulo
Locations of the 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A teams
Team Home city Stadium Capacity
Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte Independência 23,018
Atlético Paranaense Curitiba Arena da Baixada 43,000
Chapecoense Chapecó Arena Condá 22,600
Avaí Florianópolis Ressacada 17,537
Corinthians São Paulo Arena Corinthians 49,205
Coritiba Curitiba Couto Pereira 40,310
Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte Mineirão 58,170
Figueirense Florianópolis Orlando Scarpelli 19,908
Flamengo Rio de Janeiro Maracanã 78,838
Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Maracanã 78,838
Goiás Goiânia Serra Dourada 50,049
Grêmio Porto Alegre Arena do Grêmio 60,540
Internacional Porto Alegre Beira-Rio 50,128
Joinville Joinville Arena Joinville 22,400
Palmeiras São Paulo Allianz Parque 43,600
Ponte Preta Campinas Moisés Lucarelli 19,722
Santos Santos Vila Belmiro 16,798
São Paulo São Paulo Morumbi 67,052
Sport Recife Ilha do Retiro 35,020
Vasco Rio de Janeiro São Januário 22,150

Attendance

The league is the second largest in attendance in South America (behind Argentina). Despite the great popularity of football in the country, the league has a low average audience compared to major football leagues in the world, the championship doesn't even appear among the top 10 average attendance in football league, the smallest attendance was in 2004 season with 9,136, the largest was in 1983 season with 22,953.[21] the attendance of 2013 season was 14,951 with average occupation of 40%.[22]

The smallest attendance ever was a game between Juventude and Portuguesa in 1997 with 55 fans, the largest was Flamengo and Santos in 1983 with 155,523.[23]

Flamengo
Corinthians
Flamengo (left) and Corinthians (right), the two most supported teams in Brazil,[24] with 36,4 (18%) and 28,6 (14%) million of adepts, respectively, according to Datafolha, in a 2014 research.[25][26][27]

Attendance records

# Attendance Home Score Visitor Stadium Date
1 155,523 Flamengo 3–0 Santos Maracanã May 29, 1983
2 154,335 Flamengo 3–2 Atlético Mineiro Maracanã June 1, 1980
3 146,043 Fluminense 1–1 Corinthians Maracanã December 5, 1976
4 138,107 Flamengo 1–1 Grêmio Maracanã April 4, 1982
5 135,487 Botafogo 3–1 Flamengo Maracanã April 19, 1981
6 128,781 Fluminense 0–0 Vasco Maracanã May 27, 1984
7 122,001 Botafogo 2–2 Flamengo Maracanã July 19, 1992
8 121,353 Flamengo 1–1 Vasco Maracanã May 8, 1983
9 120,441 Flamengo 2–1 Guarani Maracanã April 11, 1982
10 118,777 Vasco 2–2 Internacional Maracanã July 28, 1974
11 118,370 Fluminense 0–0 Corinthians Maracanã May 20, 1984
12 118,162 Flamengo 1–0 Atlético Mineiro Maracanã November 29, 1987
13 117,353 Botafogo 0–0 Flamengo Maracanã April 16, 1981
14 115,002 Corinthians 4–1 Flamengo Morumbi May 6, 1984
15 114,481 Santos 2–1 Flamengo Morumbi May 12, 1983
16 113,479 Atlético Mineiro 0–0 Santos Mineirão May 15, 1983
17 113,286 Corinthians 2–1 Internacional Morumbi November 21, 1976
18 112,993 Vasco 2–1 Cruzeiro Maracanã August 1, 1974
19 112,403 Fluminense 1–1 Atlético Mineiro Maracanã December 20, 1970
20 112,047 Flamengo 1–4 Palmeiras Maracanã December 9, 1979
21 111,260 Flamengo 2–1 Vasco Maracanã May 5, 1983
22 111,111 Santos 3–2 Flamengo Morumbi February 27, 1983
23 110,877 Vasco 3–0 Grêmio Maracanã May 19, 1984
24 110,438 Bahia 2–1 Fluminense Fonte Nova February 12, 1989

Finances

Corinthians is, financially, one of the most powerful clubs in the world. With a worth of over $358 million, it is ranked as the 16th most valuable club in the world in 2013.

The Brasileirão had total club revenues of US $1.17 billion in 2012. This makes the Brasileirão the highest revenue football league in the Americas, and the highest outside of Europe's "big five."[28] The Brasileirão's gross revenue is regularly the fifth highest of any American sports league, behind the annual revenues of the four most popular North American major sports leagues (the National Football League, Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League).[29]

The Brasileirão is also one of the world's most valuable football leagues, having a marketing value and worth over US $1.24 billion in 2013.[30] The total worth of every club in the 2013 Brasileirão is US $1.07 billion.[31]

The Brasileirão's television rights were worth over US $610 million in 2012; that accounts for over 57% of Latin America as a whole.[32]

The Brasileirão clubs are some of the richest football clubs in the world. As of 2013, five Brazilian clubs have a brand value strong enough to break into the top-50 list worldwide according to Brand Finance.[33]

Corinthians is the 16th most valuable club in the world in 2013, worth over US $358 million.[34] In terms of revenue, Corinthians is the 31st biggest football club in the world, the largest outside of Europe, generating an annual turnover of over US $126 million in 2012. Corinthians' brand, ranked 19th, is worth US $103 million. The brands of Santos and São Paulo, ranked 38th and 39th, are worth US $65 million and US $62 million, respectively. Flamengo and Internacional are worth US $55 million each and ranked 45th and 46th.

Media coverage

Season Globo
rating
2003 23.9[35]
2004 25.5[35]
2005 27.5[35]
2006 26.2[35]
2007 21.1[35]
2008 20.0[35]
2009 23.2[35]
2010 20.9[35]
2011 21.1[35]
2012 17.1[36][37]
2013 17.0[36]
2014 16.8[38][39]
2015 18.1[40]

With only conveying the Green Module of the Copa União, organized by the Clube dos 13, the television rights were sold for $3.4 million to Rede Globo.[41][42] And only with the conveying of the championship final, SBT broadcast the game instead, a blow to the Rede Globo, who says today that the Green Module would be the league itself, and then was prevented from entering the Ilha do Retiro.[43][44][45] In 1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, besides Rede Globo, Rede Bandeirantes and Rede Manchete also took the rights to broadcast the mactches.

On February 23, 2011, Corinthians required its disaffiliation of the Clube dos 13 for not agreeing with the way in which the entity was negotiating the rights to broadcast the League for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 with various media communication stakeholders.[46][47][48] The same goes to Botafogo on 25 March of the same year.[49]

Awards and trophies

Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão is the league's official award. Placar magazine's Bola de Ouro is the oldest award, while the Troféu Osmar Santos and the Troféu João Saldanha are awards given by the newspaper Lance!.

Records and statistics

List of Brazilian football champions

Seventeen clubs are officially recognized to have been the Brazilian football champions. Santos FC and Palmeiras lead the field with 8 titles each.

Club Winners Runners-up Winning years Runners-up years
São Paulo (state) Santos 8 6 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 2002, 2004 1959, 1966, 1983, 1995, 2003, 2007
São Paulo (state) Palmeiras 8 3 1960, 1967, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1993, 1994 1970, 1978, 1997
São Paulo (state) São Paulo 6 6 1977, 1986, 1991, 2006, 2007, 2008 1971, 1973, 1981, 1989, 1990, 2014
São Paulo (state) Corinthians 6 3 1990, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2015 1976, 1994, 2002
Rio de Janeiro (state) Flamengo 6 1 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, 1992, 2009 1964
Minas Gerais Cruzeiro 4 5 1966, 2003, 2013, 2014 1969, 1974, 1975, 1998, 2010
Rio de Janeiro (state) Vasco da Gama 4 4 1974, 1989, 1997, 2000 1965, 1979, 1984, 2011
Rio de Janeiro (state) Fluminense 4 0 1970, 1984, 2010, 2012 —
Rio Grande do Sul Internacional 3 6 1975, 1976, 1979 1967, 1968, 1988, 2005, 2006, 2009
Rio de Janeiro (state) Botafogo 2 3 1968, 1995 1962, 1972, 1992
Rio Grande do Sul Grêmio 2 3 1981, 1996 1982, 2008, 2013
Bahia Bahia 2 2 1959, 1988 1961, 1963
Minas Gerais Atlético Mineiro 1 5 1971 1977, 1980, 1999, 2012, 2015
São Paulo (state) Guarani 1 2 1978 1986, 1987
Paraná (state) Atlético Paranaense 1 1 2001 2004
Pernambuco Sport 1 0 1987 —
Paraná (state) Coritiba 1 0 1985 —

Player records

Most appearances
Rank Player Apps
1 Rogério Ceni 575
2 Zinho 369
3 Clemer 368
Ramon 368
5 Fábio 463
6 Paulo Baier 407
7 Harlei 347
8 Leonardo Moura 415
9 Cléber 337
10 Roberto Dinamite 328
Top scorers
Rank Player Goals
1 Roberto Dinamite[50] 190
2 Romário 154
3 Edmundo 153
4 Zico 135
5 Túlio 129
6 Serginho Chulapa 127
7 Washington 126
8 Dadá Maravilha 113
9 Fred 107
10 Paulo Baier 105

Notes:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Seis jogos entre campeões iniciam esta tarde a disputa da Taça Brasil (page 2), Folha da Manhã (August 23, 1959).
  2. ↑ Túnel do Tempo (globoesporte.com) - túnel do tempo
  3. ↑ UOL - Danilo entre os dez que mais atuaram no Brasileirão desde 1971 2 (in Portuguese)
  4. 1 2 "Campeões brasileiros em cenário do tri" (in Portuguese). CBF. 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
  5. ↑ "The strongest Leagues of the World of the 21st Century", IFFHS, retrieved 2013-08-12
  6. ↑ "Brazil Cup 1962". RSSSF. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  7. ↑ "Copa Libertadores de América 1962 – Details". RSSSF. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Solamente Futbol". Nexos (in Spanish). Retrieved August 2, 2013.
  9. ↑ "História da Libertadores". Campeones do Futebol (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Copa Libertadores da América 1966". Quadro de medalhas (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  11. ↑ "História dos 100 Anos". Placar (1094): 47, 60. October 1994.
  12. ↑ "Exclusivo: Vai Mudar Tudo em Nosso Futebol". Placar (1094): 47, 60. October 1994.
  13. ↑ Túnel do Tempo (Portuguese)
  14. ↑ "Campeonato Brasileiro da Série A de 2013 - Regulamento Específico da Competicão" [2013 Serie A of Brazilian Championship - Specific Regulations of the Competition]. Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (in Portuguese). Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  15. ↑ "30 Anos de Pura Confusão". Placar: 17. June 2000.
  16. ↑ Petrobrás Brasileirão 2009
  17. ↑ Documentários Brasileirão Petrobras virarão filme
  18. ↑ Lance!NET - Petrobrás pagará R$ 18 milhões ao ano até 2013 por Brasileirão
  19. ↑ CBF divulga novo logotipo da Série A do Brasileirão com detalhes do troféu
  20. ↑ CBF.com - CBF apresenta logomarca do Brasileirão 2015
  21. ↑ "MÉDIAS DE PÚBLICO EM CAMPEONATOS NACIONAIS.". Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  22. ↑ "público do brasileirão - globoesporte.com". Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Os recordes do Campeonato Brasileiro da Série A". Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  24. ↑ Sambafoot - Flamengo still Brazil's most popular club, says survey
  25. ↑ "Um em cada três torce por Flamengo ou Corinthians, aponta Datafolha". Folha de S.Paulo. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  26. ↑ "A pesquisa "esquecida" pelo Datafolha". Blog Teoria dos Jogos. July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  27. ↑ "A pesquisa secreta do Datafolha em 2014, com a Lusa à frente dos grandes do Recife". Diário de Pernambuco. July 31, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  28. ↑ Deloitte press release, European football market grows by 11% to €19.4 billion in 2011/12, 6 June 2013, http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/deloitte/pressreleases/european-football-market-grows-by-11-to-eu19-4-billion-in-2011-12-873847
  29. ↑ "NFL Revenue Is Nearly 25% More Than MLB". Business Insider. October 9, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  30. ↑ "O Valor de mercado dos 20 Clubes que disputam o Brasileirão – Série A 2013" [The marketing value of the 20 clubs disputing the 2013 Brasileirão]. Advanced Television (in Portuguese). May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Coxa tem 13° elenco mais valioso da Série A; Furacão é o 14°" [Coxa has the 13th most valued club in Serie A; Furacão is 14th]. Banda B (in Portuguese). May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Football rights make record prices in LatAm". Advanced Television. February 26, 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  33. ↑ "The most valuable football brands of 2013". Brand Finance. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  34. ↑ Mike Ozanian (April 17, 2013). "Soccer's Most Valuable Teams: At $3.3 Billion, Real Madrid Knocks Manchester United From Top Spot". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Queda de audiência do futebol mexe com clubes e a Globo". Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  36. 1 2 Máquina do Esporte. "Audiência do Brasileiro apresenta queda em 2013". Máquina do Esporte. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Campeonato Brasileiro tem pior audiência da história". GGN - O jornal de todos os brasis. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  38. ↑ Portal Fórum - Futebol despenca em audiência na Globo
  39. ↑ Estadão - Queda de audiência do futebol mexe com clubes e a Globo
  40. ↑ Torcedores - Audiência da Globo no Brasileirão aumenta nos anos de títulos do Corinthians
  41. ↑ "Octávio diz que CBF está 'quebrada', Brasileiro 87 pode ser regionalizado – '''Página 17'''". Acervo.folha.com.br.
  42. ↑ "Campeonato começa sob o signo da confusão – '''página: 27'''". News.google.com.
  43. ↑ "Nabi na presidência desafia Clube dos 13 – '''Página 32'''". News.google.com. 15 July 1987.
  44. ↑ "Clube dos 13. A UDR do futebol. – '''Página 28'''". News.google.com. 16 July 1987.
  45. ↑ "Brazilian Championship 1987". Rsssfbrasil.com.
  46. ↑ "Corinthians rompe oficialmente com o Clube dos 13". Gazeta Esportiva.Net. 23 February 2011.
  47. ↑ "Oficial: Corinthians está fora do Clube dos 13 – Corinthians". Lancenet.com.br. 23 February 2011.
  48. ↑ "Página não encontrada". Corinthians.com.br.
  49. ↑ Por GLOBOESPORTE.COM Rio de Janeiro. "Botafogo pede desfiliação do Clube dos 13 | globoesporte.com". Globoesporte.globo.com.
  50. ↑ "Teste de fogo para o "novo" Campeonato Brasileiro" (in Portuguese). UOL. 2003. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  51. ↑ "Futpédia statistics". Placar. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
  52. ↑ (May 2010) Guia Brasileirão 2010. Placar n. 1342. Editora Abril, pg. 121
  53. ↑ "Unificação de titles traz mudanças importantes nas estatísticas" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. December 16, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2012.

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