Bzhedug Adyghe dialect

Bzhedug Adyghe dialect
Native to	Republic of Adygea, Biga
Language family	Northwest Caucasian Circassian Adyghe Bzhedug Adyghe dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	`bezh1247`^[1]

The Bzhedug dialect (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъубзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe.^[2] The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga.

Phonology

Aspirated consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (Like the Shapsug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects :

Bzhedug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
sharp	pʰaːpt͡sʼa	пʰапцӏэ	paːpt͡sʼa	папцӏэ	paːpsʼa	paːpt͡sʼa
arrogant	pʰaːɣa	пʰагэ	paːɣa	пагэ	paːɣa	пагэ
nose	pʰa	пʰэ	pa	пэ	pa	пэ

Bzhedug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
respect	pχaːtʰa	пхъатʰэ	pχaːta	пхъатэ	-	-
to give	jatʰən	етʰын	jatən	етын	jatən	етын
to take	ʃtʰan	штʰэн	ʃtan	штэн	ɕtan	щтэн
on	tʰajt	тʰет	tajt	тет	tat	тет
smooth	t͡sʼaːʂʷtʰa	цӏашъутʰэ	t͡sʼaːʃʷta	цӏашъутэ	t͡sʼaːfta	цӏафтэ
to afraid	ɕtʰan	щтʰэн	ɕtan	щтэн	ɕtan	щтэн
pillow	ʂħaːntʰa	шъхьантʰэ	ʂħaːnta	шъхьантэ	ɕħaːta	щхьатэ

Bzhedug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
wool	t͡sʰə	цʰы	t͡sə	цы	t͡sə	цы
eyelash	nabzət͡sʰ	нэбзыцʰ	nabzət͡s	нэбзыц	-	-

Bzhedug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
milk	ʃʰa	шʰэ	ɕa	щэ	ʃa	шэ
lame	ɬaːʃʰa	лъашʰэ	ɬaːɕa	лъащэ	ɬaːʃa	лъашэ
salt	ʃʰəʁʷ	шʰыгъу	ɕəʁʷ	щыгъу	ʃəʁʷ	шыгъу
cloud	pʃʰa	пшʰэ	pɕa	пщэ	pʃa	пшэ
pus	ʃʰənə	шʰыны	ɕənə	щыны	ʃən	шын
accordion	pʃʰəna	пшʰынэ	pɕəna	пщынэ	pʃəna	пшынэ
fat	pʃʰarə	пшʰэры	pɕarə	пщэры	pʃar	пшэр
wax	ʃʰafə	шʰэфы	ʃafə	шэфы	ʃaxʷə	шэху
horse	ʃʰə	шʰы	ʃə	шы	ʃə	шы
sand	pʃʰaːχʷa	пшʰахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъуэ
story	pʃʰəsa	пшʰысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ

Bzhedug чʰ [t͡ʃʰ] ↔ ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects (кь [kʲ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
spleen	t͡ʃʰa	чʰэ	t͡ʃa	чэ	t͡ʃa	чэ
brushwood twig	t͡ʃʰə	чʰы	t͡ʃə	чы	t͡ʃə	чы
to cough	pst͡ʃʰan	псчʰэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн

Bzhedug кʰу [kʰʷ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
middle	kʰʷə	кʰу	kʷə	ку	kʷə	ку
thigh	kʰʷa	кʰо	kʷa	ко	kʷa	куэ

Bzhedug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects (хъ [χ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
grave	qʰa	къʰэ	qa	къэ	q͡χa	кхъэ

Bzhedug къуʰ [qʰʷ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects (хъу [χʷ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
pig	qʰʷa	къʰо	qʷa	къо	q͡χʷa	кхъуэ

Bzhedug чъʰу [t͡ɕʰʷ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
jungle/bushy area	t͡ɕʰʷənə	чъʰуны	t͡sʷənə	цуны	fən	фын

Others

In the Bzhedug dialect (like Shapsug and Abzakh) there exist a labialized voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [t͡ɕʷ] ⟨чъу⟩ that correspond to [t͡sʷ] ⟨цу⟩ in standard Adyghe Temirgoy.

Bzhedug чъу [t͡ɕʷ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:

Meaning	Bzhedug		Standard Adyghe		Kabardian
Meaning	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA
shoe	чъуакъэ	t͡ɕʷaːqa	цуакъэ	t͡sʷaːqa	вакъэ	vaːqa
to stop	учъун	wət͡ɕʷən	уцун	wət͡sʷən	увын	wəvən
ox	чъу	t͡ɕʷʷə	цу	t͡sʷə	вы	və
ploughshare	чъуабзэ	t͡ɕʷaːbza	цуабзэ	t͡sʷaːbza	вабзэ	vaːbza

In the Bzhedug dialect there exist a labialized voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʂʷ] and labialized voiced retroflex sibilant [ʐʷ] that correspond to [ʃʷ] and [ʒʷ] in other Adyghe dialects.

Word	Adyghe				Standart Kabardian
	Standard Adyghe		Bzhedug		Standart Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
what	ʃʷəqajblaːʁ	шъукъеблагъ	ʂʷəqajblaːʁ	шъукъеблагъ	fəqeblaːʁa	фыкъеблагъэ
you (plural)	ʃʷa	шъо	ʃʷa	шъо	fa	фэ
stone	məʒʷa	мыжъо	məʐʷa	мыжъо	məva	мывэ

Grammar differences

Noun instrumental case

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix мджэ (-md͡ʒa) or -джэ (-d͡ʒa) unlike other dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Standard Kabardian) that has the suffix -мкӏэ (-mt͡ʃʼa) or -кӏэ (-t͡ʃʼa) :

Bzhedug dialect: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэджэ мэгущаӏэ ↔ Standard: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэкӏэ мэгущаӏэ - "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
Bzhedug dialect: Къэлэмымджэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: Къэлэмымкӏэ сэтхэ - "I write (using) with the pencil".

Future tense Suffix ~эщт (~aɕt)

In this dialect the verb has the suffix ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike standard Adyghe (Temirgoy) that has the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt).

Word	Adyghe				Standart Kabardian
	Standard Adyghe		Bzhedug and Shapsug		Standart Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
I will go	səkʷʼaɕt	сыкӏощт	səkʷʼat	сыкIот	səkʷʼanəwɕ	сыкӏуэнущ
you will go	wəkʷʼaɕt	укӏощт	wəkʷʼat	укIот	wəkʷʼanəwɕ	укӏуэнущ
he will go	makʷʼaɕt	мэкӏощт	makʷʼat	мэкIот	makʷʼanəwɕ	мэкӏуэнущ
we will go	təkʷʼaɕt	тыкӏощт	ʂʷəkʷʼat	тыкIот	dəkʷʼanəwɕ	дыкӏуэнущ
you (plural) will go	ʃʷəkʷaɕt	шъукӏощт	ʃʷəkʷʼat	шъукӏот	fəkʷʼanəwɕ	фыкӏуэнущ
they will go	maːkʷatəɕx	макӏощтых	maːkʷʼatəx	макӏотых	jaːkʷʼanəwɕ	якӏуэнущ

Unique words

Word	Adyghe				Standart Kabardian
	Standard Adyghe		Bzhedug		Standart Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
what	səd	сыд	ʂəd	шъыд	sət	сыт
how	sədaw	сыдэу	ʂədaw	шъыдэу	dawə	дауэ
he/she/it	aɕ	ащ	аj	ай	-	-
near	daʑ	дэжь	daj	дэй	dajʒ	деж
self	jaʑ	ежь	jaj	ей	jazə	езы

Sample text

Зэгорэм тыгъэжьымрэ тыгъэмрэ зынэкъокъугъэх анахь лъэшыр язэрымгъашIэу. А лъэхъан дэдэм тефэу зекIогорэ кIакIо техъуагъэу гъогум къэрыкIоу алъэгъугъ ыкIи рахъухьагъ тIумэ язэу гъогурыкIом икIакIо зыщэзгъэхэрыр анахь лъэшэу алъытэнэу. Ай дэй тыгъэжьым зэрыфэлъэкIэу къэпщэу къыригъэжьагъ. Ау ар нахь лъэшэу къепщы къэсми, гъогурыкIом кIакIом нахь зыкIоцIищахьытыгъэ. Ыужыпкъэм тыгъежьыр иморад ыужы икIыжьын фае хъугъэ.ЕтIуанэ тыгъэр къэпсыгъ, гъогурыкIор фабэ къэпагъ, ыкIи ай лъэпэтэу кIакIор зыщихыгъ. Аущтэу тыгъэжьым тыгъэр ей нахьыри нахьы зэрылъэшыр къэгурымэIомэ мэхъонэу хъугъэ.^[3]

External links

References

↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Bzhedug". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
↑ Bzhedug dialect (French)
↑ "Tamara Udzhuxu (Bzhedugh Dialect)".

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