Carbenicillin

Carbenicillin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[carboxy(phenyl)acetyl]amino}-
3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]
heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Trade names Geocillin
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of
administration
Oral, parenteral
Legal status
  • (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 30 to 40%
Protein binding 30 to 60%
Metabolism Minimal
Biological half-life 1 hour
Excretion Renal (30 to 40%)
Identifiers
CAS Number 4697-36-3 YesY
ATC code J01CA03 (WHO)
PubChem CID 20824
DrugBank DB00578 YesY
ChemSpider 19599 YesY
UNII G42ZU72N5G YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:3393 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1214 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C17H18N2O6S
Molar mass 378.401 g/mol
  (verify)

Carbenicillin is a bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the carboxypenicillin subgroup of the penicillins. It was discovered by scientists at Beecham and marketed as Pyopen. It has Gram-negative coverage which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa but limited Gram-positive coverage. The carboxypenicillins are susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes, although they are more resistant than ampicillin to degradation. Carbenicillin is also more stable at lower pH than ampicillin.

Pharmacology

The antibiotic is highly soluble in water and is acid-labile. A typical lab working concentration is 50 µg per ml.

It is a semi-synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring benzyl-penicillin. Carbenicillin at high doses can cause bleeding. Use of carbenicillin can cause hypokalemia by promoting potassium loss at the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney.

In molecular biology, carbenicillin may be preferred as a selecting agent (see Plasmid stabilisation technology) because its breakdown results in byproducts with a lower toxicity than analogous antibiotics like ampicillin. Carbenicillin is more stable than ampicillin and results in fewer satellite colonies on selection plates. However, in most situations this is not a significant problem so ampicillin is sometimes used due to its lower cost.

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

Carbenicillin has been shown to be effective against bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and some Proteus species. The following represents carbenicillin susceptibility data for a few medically significant organisms. This is not representative of all species of bacteria susceptible to carbenicillin exposure.

[1]

Additional reading

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, April 02, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.