Cherish (Madonna song)

"Cherish"
A brunette looks towards the camera, as her middle-parted hair falls in waves beside her.
Single by Madonna
from the album Like a Prayer
B-side "Supernatural"
Released August 1, 1989
Format
Recorded 1988
Genre Pop
Length 5:03
Label
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
  • Madonna
  • Patrick Leonard
Madonna singles chronology
"Express Yourself"
(1989)		 "Cherish"
(1989)		 "Oh Father"
(1989)
Music video
"Cherish" on YouTube

"Cherish" is a song by American singer Madonna from her fourth studio album Like a Prayer (1989). It was written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and was released by Sire Records as the album's third single on August 1, 1989. "Cherish" was built around the themes of love and relationship, with William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet being one of the major inspirations. The track also included a line from "Cherish" by the 1960s band The Association. Musically constructed as a doo-wop style pop song, it is regarded as a light-hearted track by critics and includes instruments such as drum machine, percussions, keyboards and a saxophone. Lyrically, it speaks of Madonna's devotion to her lover, and her promise to be always by his side. "Cherish" was included on Madonna's greatest hits compilations The Immaculate Collection (1990) and the two-disc edition of Celebration (2009).

After its release, the song received positive feedback from reviewers, who were surprised by the change of content and the lighter image of Madonna's music, unlike her previous singles from Like a Prayer which incorporated themes such as religion and sexuality. They compared the lyrics of the song to words spoken by Juliet, in William Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet. "Cherish" was a commercial success, reaching the top-ten of the charts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Italy, United Kingdom and the combined European chart. On the Billboard Hot 100, "Cherish" became Madonna's 16th consecutive top-five single, setting a record in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

A black-and-white music video of the song was directed by photographer Herb Ritts at the Paradise Cove Beach in Malibu, California. In the video, Madonna plays herself, while three co-actors dressed as Mermen swam in and out of the sea. Academics noted that the Mermen became symbols for the homosexual community and the oppression it faced. Madonna performed "Cherish" on her Blond Ambition World Tour (1990), where the performance included her dancers dressed up as Mermen. Its symbolism was seen to de-sexualize men, relegating them to objects of desire.

Background

"Cherish" was written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and released as the third single from Like a Prayer (1989). The song is built around the themes of love and relationships, with William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet one of its major inspirations.[1] Madonna was reading Romeo and Juliet during the breaks during rehearsals for Speed the Plow, a Broadway show in which she was starring in 1988. On the third day of the Like a Prayer recording sessions, she presented Leonard with the lyrics of "Cherish", and explained that she had written the song "one sunny afternoon by the beach", but later confessed that it was actually written in her make-up room.[2] Leonard introduced one line from the similar titled song by the 1960s band The Association, "Cherish is the word I use", after which Madonna decided to include it on Like a Prayer.[3] The B-side of the single release of "Cherish" was a previously unreleased track called "Supernatural", composed during the recording sessions of her third studio album, True Blue (1986).[4] In 2009, during an interview with Rolling Stone, Madonna confessed that she had never been able to predict if her songs would be successful, irrespective of her personal opinion of them. As an example, she cited "Cherish" as one of the most "retarded" songs she had written, but noted it became a commercial success.[5] The song was also included on the 1990 compilation album The Immaculate Collection and the two-disc edition of her 2009 compilation Celebration.[6][7]

Composition
"Cherish"
A 30 second sample of "Cherish", which starts with the opening verse of the song, played on synths with keyboards accompanying it. As Madonna sings the verses, the sound of drum machines, percussion and guitars back her voice.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Cherish" is a doo-wop style pop shuffle song and opened the second side of Like a Prayer.[4][8] It begins with the sound of synths and keyboard and Madonna repeatedly singing the words "cherish, cherish". This is followed by the sound from drum machine, as percussion and guitars accompany her voice.[4] During the bridge, Madonna sings the line "Cupid please take your aim at me", as the keyboard sound becomes pronounced. The drum changes its rhythm and Madonna moves into the chorus, "Cherish the joy, of always having you here by my side", accompanied by background vocals and a bass guitar.[4] The second verse continues in the same way, with Madonna singing the line "Romeo and Juliet, they never felt this way I bet, So don't underestimate my point of view."[9]

As the second chorus ends, a saxophone starts playing as Madonna softly asks the listener, "Who? You! Can't get away, won't let you", followed by Leonard's The Association inspired line.[4] Background vocals continue repeating words over a horn, playing in B♭ minor. The drums and the percussion start again and the chorus is sung twice, before fading out.[4] According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Co. Inc., "Cherish" is composed in the time signature of common time, with a moderately fast tempo of 130 beats per minute. Set in the key of D major, "Cherish" has Madonna singing between the tonal nodes of A3 to D5. The song follows the sequence of G/D–D–Em7–D in the beginning as its chord progression, which changes to D–Dm–C–Em7 during the verses and shifts to G–D/G–A–D/F♯ in the chorus.[10]

The lyrics of "Cherish" makes it a simple love song, where Madonna talks about devotion and having her lover by her side, whom she would never leave.[11] According to semiotician Thomas Sebeok, the backbone of "Cherish" is constructed by incorporating titles of previous romantic pop hits. Songs such as "Cupid" (Sam Cooke), "You Are My Destiny" (Paul Anka) and "I Can't Let Go" (The Hollies) are used within the first verse, while other verses use the words of such song titles as "Burning Love" (Elvis Presley) and "Two Hearts" (Bruce Springsteen). Other instances include The Association song reference and Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.[12] Richard Burt, author of Shakespeare After Mass Media, deduced that the lines on Romeo and Juliet and "I Can't Let Go" makes the speaker alternate between assertiveness and dependency.[9] Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine felt that although "Cherish" was a "radiant" song invoking the pop music of the 60s, "in the grand pop scheme, [it] pales only in comparison to their glorious counterparts, making Like a Prayer one of the quintessential pop albums of all time."[13]

Critical reception

"'Cherish' was a particular triumph for the Madonna/Patrick Leonard partnership. A delightful confection of radio-ready proportions, the song had it all—strong, positive, remarkably dysfunction-free lyrics about love, a memorable, singalong vocal melody, and a tight, pungent rhythm arrangement. It remains, quite simply, one of the best songs Madonna has ever written; sweet and happy, but by no means corny, it's a perfectly constructed pop song which Madonna delivered beautifully, and with undeniably sassy charm. Indeed, if 'Cherish' had been released in the Sixties, it would have most likely emanated from Detroit's Motown or the New York song writing Mecca, the Brill Building."

—Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli talking about "Cherish" in his book, Madonna: An Intimate Biography[1]

Wayne Robins from Newsday believed that the song exemplified the "kind of random pop we'd get if [postmodern author] William Burroughs were the program director of a Top 40 radio station."[12] Burt compared the song and Madonna's delivery of the lyrics with the dialogues spoken by Shakespeare's Juliet, and found similarity in the, "Sweet so would I, Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing" from the play, with the lyrics of "Cherish".[9] Allen Metz, one of the authors of The Madonna Companion, felt that "Cherish" as the opening song of the B-side of Like a Prayer, reaffirmed the sweet and happy romanticism that was missing from the A-side of the album. "As much a child of pop" he says, "as of the church, Madonna is restored by music's healing power, in this case with a mixture of classic sweet soul and L.A. pop moderne."[14] Lucy O'Brien, author of Madonna: Like an Icon, felt that the song was typical of Madonna's previous musical endeavors, and would have been more suitable for her third studio album, True Blue, whose songs mainly dealt with romance and relationships.[8] Music critic J. D. Considine, while reviewing the Like a Prayer album for Rolling Stone complimented the song for creating an effective balance, contrasting its lighthearted nature with the trauma of "Oh Father", the next song. Considine also found retro-rock references in the song.[15]

Freya Jarman-Ivens, one of the authors of Madonna's Drowned Worlds, felt that the song was one of the last works on pure romanticism by Madonna. "She should come back to the formula from time to time, but I guess she has moved beyond all of that", Jarman-Ivens added.[11] Carol Clerk, author of Madonnastyle noted that the "refreshing" nature of the song was particularly noticeable if one follows Madonna's catalog chronologically, especially embedded between the anthem like nature of the previous release, "Express Yourself", and the lament of the succeeding release, "Oh Father".[16] Scholar Maria Raha wrote in her book Cinderella's Big Score: Women of the Punk and Indie Underground that the song was full of "trite" lyrics.[17] Andy Goldberg from The Jerusalem Post said that "Cherish" took "Madonna back to her old stomping grounds, the lively bass line and lilting melodies of hit albums past."[18] Kevin Phinney from Austin American-Statesman was surprised by Madonna's contribution to the song and confessed that he "[found] it difficult to be believe that she even wrote this?" Phinney continued that he wanted Madonna to go in a more mature direction and compose songs musically similar to "Cherish".[19] Writing for The Washington Post, Richard Harrington explained that "while songs on Like a Prayer dealt with matters opening her heart, with 'Cherish' Madonna dealt with matters which were close to her heart."[20] This view was also shared by Ian Blair from Chicago Tribune who categorized the song as being sung for the "happy-go-lucky lovers and dreamers".[21] The Dallas Morning News' Lennox Samuels appreciated the light-hearted theme of the song and complimented Madonna and Leonard for not sticking with personal subject matters only on the album.[22] Dale Anderson from The Buffalo News opined that the song would become one of Madonna's most forgettable releases, but was also hopeful that it would not.[23] This opinion was shared by Don McCleese of Chicago Sun-Times, who added that "Cherish" was not something expected from Madonna at that point of time. McCleese was disappointed that Madonna went back to the "happy-go-lucky, lovey-dovey" kind of songs, which did not match her self-image.[24] Dan DeLuca from The Philadelphia Inquirer, while reviewing Madonna's Drowned World Tour in 2001, compared "Cherish" with songs by Chris Robinson, humorously adding that "only if he was gay he would sing something like that."[25]

Chart performance

In the United States, "Cherish" debuted at number 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The next week it moved to number 28 on the chart, becoming the week's "greatest gainer" song.[26] After three weeks, as "Cherish" entered the top-five of Billboard Hot 100, music industry prognosticators theorized that the song would become Madonna's eighth number-one song on the Hot 100. However, the song started facing competition from fellow singer Janet Jackson's single "Miss You Much", which also moved into the top-ten the same week.[27] The popular media pitted the two women against each other and tried to create rivalry between them.[28] The song eventually peaked at number two on October 7, 1989, the same week "Miss You Much" topped the Hot 100.[29] "Cherish" became Madonna's sixteenth consecutive top-five single, a record in Hot 100 chart history.[30] It was present on the Hot 100 for a total of 15 weeks.[31] Unlike previous Madonna singles, "Cherish" was not a dance hit and did not make an appearance on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart, but was able to top the Hot Adult Contemporary chart, her third after "Live to Tell" and "La Isla Bonita".[32] "Cherish" also helped Madonna to win the "Top Adult Contemporary Artist" trophy at the 1989 Billboard Music Awards.[33] At the year-end charts of Billboard, "Cherish" ranked at number 59 on the Hot 100 and number 31 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[34][35] In Canada, "Cherish" debuted at number 80 on the RPM Singles Chart on August 14, 1989.[36] In its ninth week on the chart, the song reached number one, staying there for two weeks.[37] The song was present on the chart for 17 weeks and was the ninth best-selling Canadian single for 1989.[38][39]

On September 1, 1989, "Cherish" was released in the United Kingdom and entered the UK Singles Chart at number 16.[40] The next week, the song moved to its peak position of number three, becoming Madonna's 21st top ten single in the United Kingdom.[41][42] According to The Official Charts Company, the song has sold 200,000 copies there.[43] "Cherish" entered the Australian Singles Chart at number 17 on September 17, 1989, and reached a peak of number four, staying on the chart for 16 weeks.[44] In the Netherlands, "Cherish" debuted at number 24 on the Dutch Top 40 chart,[45] and reached a peak of number 15, the next week.[46]

Music video

A long shot of a beach with houses in the distance.
The music video was shot at Paradise Cove Beach in Malibu, California.

"Cherish" was accompanied by a black-and-white music video that was directed by Herb Ritts and was filmed on July 22, 1989 at Paradise Cove Beach in Malibu, California. Its world-premiere took place on MTV on August 28, 1989.[47] Ritts was one of Madonna's preferred photographers at that time and so she asked him to direct the "Cherish" video. Ritts reportedly tried to talk her out of it saying, "But I'm a still photographer. I don't know anything about film." Undaunted, Madonna replied simply, "Well you have a few weeks to learn."[47] The video was conceptualized by Ritts, who wanted to portray Mermen in their natural habitat, but Madonna baulked at the idea since she wanted to be portrayed as herself, but keep the Mermen also.[47] Four male performers were signed for this, one of them being Tony Ward, who would become Madonna's boyfriend later, with the other three being water polo players from nearby Pepperdine University.[47] There were four Merman tails created by Global Effects in North Hollywood, California, for the video.[47] Three full size tails for the mermen were cast in a solid highly flexible rubber, each weighing around 40 lbs. This was necessary to make them neutrally buoyant in water as lighter tails would have floated, causing the swimmers to be head down in the sea.[47] Once in these tails, the polo players needed to be carried to and from the water and once inside, they had tremendous swimming power and agility. This was partly due to a plastic spring like armature cast into the flipper of each tail.[47] One of the reasons that this video was shot in black and white was because the water was very cold, causing Madonna's already pale complexion to look even whiter.[48]

Fouz deduced a relationship between the music and the images in the video for "Cherish", saying that they complement each other; the author felt that this in turn encouraged the viewer to watch the video repeatedly.[49] Fouz talked about the balancing of height and depth occurring in the video. The visual depictions of the Mermen and the lighting used in the video was influenced by Ritts' still photography known as "The Male Nude Bubble", which showed nude male models inside a giant water tank, with a white cloth entwined around them. Many of the qualities in the photos, including the floating nature of the models, were used in the swimming and the posing of the Mermen.[49] Carol Vernallis, author of Experiencing Music Video, found homoerotic connotations between Madonna and the Mermen. The Mermen in the video exist in a self-contained world of their own, where they procreate with their own kind, both biologically and socially. The fact that the Mermen did not seem to possess genitalia led Vernallis to believe that it associated them with Ritts' other works, homoerotic sculptural images without penis.[50] Their tails drew different meanings, including sexual ones and Christian symbolism. Since in contemporary art, the images of Mermen are rare and Mermaids are prominent, they are sometimes called fairies partly because it is not known how they came to be.[50] Vernallis believed that the mysteriousness and the elusiveness of the mermen in the video played a crucial role. They never address the camera directly and are often shown disappearing from view.[50] Vernallis believed that since invisibility is a central theme in the homosexual community, this actually portrayed oppression and also the desire to watch but never be seen.[50]

Live performance and covers

Madonna performing "Cherish" during the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. She's flanked by her back up dancers who are dressed up as mermen.

Madonna has performed "Cherish" live only during one tour, on her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Onstage, the performance mirrored the sequence from the music video, with the appearance of three of Madonna's dancers, dressed as mermen.[51] Author Carol Clerk noted in her book Madonnastyle that the outfit worn by the singer during this sequence was the simplest and the softest costume of the show. It consisted of a black mini-dress trimmed and stitched with a stuffed West African stork, called the marabou.[51] Madonna gyrated around her dancers, while playing with a harp. During the chorus, the dancers lifted their prosthetic fish-tails and joined them with each other.[51] Guilbert felt that the performance de-sexualizes men, since they are relegated to objects of adoration, like the three mermen dancers.[52] This view was shared by Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, who said that "Madonna and her girls go into a very girlish mode, but they give the feeling that they are in charge, be it playing with the mermen, or teasing them."[53] Two different performances were taped and released on video, the Blond Ambition Japan Tour 90, taped in Yokohama, Japan, on April 27, 1990,[54] and the Blond Ambition World Tour Live, taped in Nice, France, on August 5, 1990.[55]

The late Brazilian singer Renato Russo included an acoustic cover of the song on his 1994 album The Stonewall Celebration Concert. His version was appreciated by Alvaro Neder of Allmusic.[56] The 2000 compilation album Virgin Voices: A Tribute To Madonna, Vol. 2 contains a cover by worldbeat group Loop Guru.[57] An alternative rock cover of the song by The Prayers was included on the 2007 Madonna tribute compilation Through the Wilderness.[58]

Track listing and formats

  1. "Cherish" (7" version) – 4:03
  2. "Supernatural" – 5:12
  • US and Canada 7" promo vinyl single[62][63]
  1. "Cherish" (fade) – 4:03
  2. "Cherish" (LP version) – 5:03
  3. "Supernatural" – 5:12
  • UK 7" vinyl single[64]
  1. "Cherish" – 5:03
  2. "Supernatural" – 5:12
  • UK 12" vinyl single[65]
  1. "Cherish" (extended version) – 6:18
  2. "Cherish" (7" version) – 4:03
  3. "Supernatural" – 5:12

Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel adapted from Like a Prayer album liner notes.[66]

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Chart (1989) Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[44] 4
Austrian Singles Chart[44] 16
Belgian VRT Top 30[67] 7
Canadian RPM Singles Chart[37] 1
Dutch Top 40[44] 13
Eurochart Hot 100 Singles[68] 3
French Singles Chart[44] 21
German Singles Chart[69] 16
Irish Singles Chart[70] 2
Italian Singles Chart[71] 3
Norwegian Singles Chart[44] 10
Spanish Singles Chart[72] 10
Swiss Singles Chart[73] 10
UK Singles Chart[41] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[74] 2
US Hot Adult Contemporary[75] 1

Year-end charts

Charts (1989) Position
Australian Singles Chart[76] 47
Canadian RPM Singles Chart[39] 9
Italian Singles Chart[77] 15
US Billboard Hot 100[34] 59
US Hot Adult Contemporary[35] 31

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Taraborrelli 2002, p. 170
  2. ↑ Morton 2002, p. 90
  3. ↑ Pendle 2001, p. 412
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rooksby 2004, pp. 34–35
  5. ↑ Scaggs, Austin (October 14, 2009). "Madonna Looks Back: The New Issue of Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  6. ↑ The Immaculate Collection (LP, Vinyl, CD). Madonna. Sire Records. WEA Records Pvt. Ltd. 1990. 9 59884509.
  7. ↑ Celebration (CD, Cassette). Madonna. Warner Bros. Music. 2009. 9 9873Q344-W.
  8. 1 2 O'Brien 2007, p. 120
  9. 1 2 3 Burt 2002, p. 258
  10. ↑ Ciccone, Madonna; Leonard, Patrick. "Madonna 'Cherish' Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing Co. Inc. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  11. 1 2 Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 181
  12. 1 2 Robins, Wayne (March 19, 1989). "The Power of 'Prayer' Shareholders in Madonna Inc. should be delighted". Newsday. p. 3. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
  13. ↑ Cinquemani, Sal (October 11, 2003). "Madonna: Like a Prayer". Slant Magazine. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  14. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 13
  15. ↑ Considine, J. D. (April 6, 1989). "Madonna: Like a Prayer". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  16. ↑ Clerk 2002, p. 83
  17. ↑ Raha 2005, p. 113
  18. ↑ "Madonna Says It All". The Jerusalem Post (Mirkaei Tikshoret). April 7, 1989. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  19. ↑ Phinney, Kevin (March 22, 1989). "'Like A Prayer' gives Madonna a vehicle for confession". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  20. ↑ Harrington, Richard (March 21, 1989). "Recordings: Madonna's Power of 'Prayer'; Sorting Out the Pains of the Past". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  21. ↑ Blair, Ian (March 19, 1989). "Madonna, seriously Her new album asserts the power of 'Prayer'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  22. ↑ Samuels, Lennox (March 26, 1989). "Madonna Opens Up". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  23. ↑ Anderson, Dale (March 21, 1989). "Madonna's Prayer Is Older, Wiser And On The Serious Side". The Buffalo News. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  24. ↑ McCleese, Don (March 27, 1989). "Madonna's newest album, 'Like a Prayer,' is her best". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  25. ↑ DeLuca, Dan (July 16, 2001). "The pop tart returns – but this time, in tartan". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  26. ↑ DeKnock, Jan (August 25, 1989). "Richard Marx's 'Right Here Waiting' shows unusual power at the top". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  27. ↑ DeKnock, Jan (September 22, 1989). "London-based Milli Vanilli hits a double with No. 1 pop single and album". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  28. ↑ Dickerson 1998, p. 179
  29. ↑ DeKnock, Jan (October 6, 1989). "Paula Abdul's 'Forever Your Girl' Took Almost Forever to Make No. 1". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  30. ↑ Trust, Gary (March 10, 2010). "Ask Billboard: Battle of the Rock Bands". Billboard. p. 2. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  31. ↑ "Billboard – Madonna – Cherish". Billboard. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  32. ↑ DeKnock, Jan (September 29, 1989). "Milli Vanilli scores a second chart double by hanging on to both album and singles chart". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  33. ↑ Press release (December 29, 1989). "All About Jo and Dale and Priscilla and, of Course, Elvis". Orlando Sentinel 113 (29). p. 2. ISSN 0744-6055.
  34. 1 2 "Top Pop Singles of 1989". Billboard. December 31, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  35. 1 2 "Top Adult Contemporary Singles of 1989". Billboard. December 31, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  36. ↑ "Top Singles – Volume 50, No. 16, August 14, 1989". RPM. August 14, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  37. 1 2 "Top Singles – Volume 50, No. 25, October 16, 1989". RPM. October 16, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  38. ↑ "Top Singles – Volume 51, No. 6, December 09, 1989". RPM Ltd. December 9, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  39. 1 2 "Top 100 Singles of '89". RPM. RPM Library Archives. December 23, 1989. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  40. ↑ "Archive Chart – Singles – 16th September 1989". The Official Charts Company. September 16, 1989. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  41. 1 2 "Archive Chart – Singles – 23rd September 1989". The Official Charts Company. September 23, 1989. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  42. ↑ "Artist Chart History: Madonna". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Madonna: The Official Top 40". MTV. MTV Networks. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Madonna – Cherish (Song)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Hung Medien. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  45. ↑ "Netherlandse Top 40: Week 35" (in Dutch). MegaCharts. Radio 538. September 2, 1989. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  46. ↑ "Netherlandse Top 40: Week 36" (in Dutch). MegaCharts. Radio 538. September 9, 1989. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hayward, Philip (2003). "Desire Caught By Its Tail: The Unlikely Return of the Merman in Madonna's 'Cherish'". The Cultural Studies Journal 5 (1): 98.
  48. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 313
  49. 1 2 Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 312
  50. 1 2 3 4 Vernallis 2004, p. 234
  51. 1 2 3 Clerk 2002, p. 84
  52. ↑ Guilbert 2002, p. 79
  53. ↑ Bego 2000, p. 89
  54. ↑ Madonna (1990). Blond Ambition Japan Tour 90 (VHS). Warner-Pioneer Japan.
  55. ↑ Madonna (1990). Blond Ambition World Tour Live (Laserdisc). Pioneer Artists.
  56. ↑ Neder, Alvaro. "The Stonewall Celebration Concert – Renato Russo". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  57. ↑ Phares, Heather. "Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 2 – Various Artists". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  58. ↑ "Through the Wilderness: A Tribute to Madonna – Various Artists". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  59. ↑ Cherish (US 7-inch Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 9 22883-7.
  60. ↑ Cherish (US Cassette Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 9 22883-4.
  61. ↑ Cherish (Canada 7-inch Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 92 28834.
  62. ↑ Cherish (US 7-inch Promo Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 4-22883.
  63. ↑ Cherish (Canadian 7-inch Promo Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 92 28837.
  64. ↑ Cherish (UK 7-inch Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. W 2883.
  65. ↑ Cherish (US 12-inch Single liner notes). Madonna. Sire Records. 1989. 0-21326.
  66. ↑ Like a Prayer (LP, Vinyl, CD). Madonna. Sire Records. WEA Records Pvt. Ltd. 1989. 9 25844-1.
  67. ↑ "Radio Top 30 – Hoogste – Cherish" (in Dutch). VRT Top 30. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles". Billboard 98 (41): 58. July 25, 1989. ISSN 0006-2510.
  69. ↑ "Chartverfolgung / Madonna / Single" (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  70. ↑ "The Irish Charts – All There Is To Know". Irish Recorded Music Association. September 7, 1989. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  71. ↑ "Madonna: Discografia Italiana" (in Italian). HitParadeItalia. 1984–1999. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
  72. ↑ Salaverri 2005, p. 123
  73. ↑ "Madonna –Cherish (song)". Hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  74. ↑ "The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending October 7, 1989". Billboard. October 7, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  75. ↑ "Hot Adult Contemporary: Week Ending October 7, 1989". Billboard. October 7, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  76. ↑ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 50 Singles 1989". Australian Recording Industry Association. December 30, 1989. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  77. ↑ "Top Annuali Singles: 1989" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Retrieved June 6, 2012.

References

External links

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