Coconucan language

Coconuco
Namrrik
Native to	Colombia
Region	Cauca Department
Ethnicity	Guambiano (Misak)
Native speakers	21,000 (2008)[1]
Language family	Barbacoan Coconuco
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: gum – Guambiano ttk – Totoró
Glottolog	coco1262[2]

Coconuco AKA Guambiano is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco, are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language.

Totoro may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing.

Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998).

Phonology

The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998:386).

Vowels

	front	central	back
close	i		u
mid	e	ə
back		a

Consonants

		Bilabial	Dental	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m	n		ɲ
Occlusive		p	t			k
Affricate				tʂ	tʃ
Fricative			s	ʂ	ʃ
Liquid			r l		ʎ
Semi-vowel		w			j

References

1. Guambiano at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Totoró at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Coconucan". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Further reading

• Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
• Branks, Judith; Sánchez, Juan Bautista. 1978. The drama of life: A study of life cycle customs among the Guambiano, Colombia, South America (pp xii, 107). Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology Publication (No. 4). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology.
• Curnow, Timothy Jowan, & Liddicoat, Anthony J. 1998. The Barbacoan Languages of Colombia and Ecuador, Anthropological Linguistics, 40:3:384–408.
• Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Guambiano