Dagupan

Dagupan City
Independent Component City
City of Dagupan

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Nickname(s): Milk Fish Capital of the Philippines; The "Melting Pot" of Pangasinan

Location in Pangasinan
Dagupan

Location within the Philippines

Coordinates: 16°02′00″N 120°20′00″E / 16.0333°N 120.3333°E / 16.0333; 120.3333Coordinates: 16°02′00″N 120°20′00″E / 16.0333°N 120.3333°E / 16.0333; 120.3333
Country Philippines
Region Ilocos (Region I)
Province Pangasinan (geographically only)
District 4th district of Pangasinan
Founded 1590
Cityhood June 20, 1947
Barangays 31
Government[1]
 • Mayor Belen T. Fernandez
Area[2]
 • Total 37.23 km2 (14.37 sq mi)
Population (2010)[3]
 • Total 163,676
 • Density 4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Dagupeño/ña
Time zone PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code 2400
Dialing code 75
Income class 2nd class[4][5]
Website dagupan.gov.ph

Dagupan, officially the City of Dagupan (Pangasinan: Siyudad na Dagupan), is an independent component city in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines. According to the census of May 1, 2010, Dagupan City has a population of 163,676 people with an income classification of second class.[4][5]

Located on the Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is a major commercial and financial center north of Manila. Also, the city is one of the centers of modern medical services, media and communication in Northern Luzon. Dagupan is situated within the fertile Agno River Valley.

The city is among the top producers of bangus/milkfish in the province. From 2001-2003, Dagupan's milkfish production totaled to 35,560.1 metric tons (MT), contributing 16.8 percent to the total provincial production. Of its total production in the past three years, 78.5 percent grew in fish pens/cages while the rest grew in brackish water fishpond.[6]

Etymology

The city's name was derived from the local Pangasinense word pandaragupan, meaning "gathering place" as the city has been a regional market center for centuries.

History

Huangdom of Pangasinan

During the 15th century, Pangasinan had been the site of an ancient kingdom called the Huangdom of Pangasinan (Known as Feng-chia-hsi-lan in Chinese records). A succession of local kings starting from Huang Kamayin set the kingdom up as a trade-center exporting silver, horses and Torquise shells to the ports in Japan, Ryukyu and China which in turn, sold silks and samurai swords to the Kingdom of Pangasinan.[7]

Spanish occupation

The area that is now known as Dagupan was described as marshland thickly covered with mangrove and nipa palm trees.[8] The natives lived along the shoreline and riverbanks of Calmay, Pantal, and Bonuan. But there were also communities in Malued, Lasip, Pogo, and Bacayao. The natives called the area Bacnotan which would later be incorporated into the encomienda of Lingayen that was established in 1583.

The foreign traders would come to the Lingayen coast to trade gold that was brought down to the area by tribes from the Cordillera Mountains. Aside from traders, Filipinos also had experience with pirates from Japan and China. One of the Chinese corsairs was Lim Feng (in Fukienese, Lim A-hong), who would be known in Philippine history as Limahong.

Limahong sailed down the Ilocos coast with 62 ships and attacked Manila on November 30, 1574. The Spanish, however, under Mexico-born Juan de Salcedo repulsed Limahong's two attacks. The Chinese corsair repaired to Pangasinan to establish a colony at Bacnotan, invading and dissolving the local Kingdom of Pangasinan on December 2, 1574. But the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo laid siege to his fortress for eight months by blocking the river outlets. Limahong purportedly broke through the siege by digging a channel from the Agno River through the Bacnotan marshes to Lingayen Gulf. Thereafter, Pangasinan was incorporated to Spain.

In 1661 a big fire hit Bacnotan during the Malong Revolt, led by Andres Malong of Binalatongan, against the forced labor and mandatory sale of local goods imposed by the Spanish colonial government. The fire broke out after Malong sent 3,000 supporters, most of whom were Zambal tribesmen, to Ilocos and Cagayan to fight the Spaniards. The people of Bacnotan, many of whom joined the Spanish forces in repelling the Zambal marauders, rebuilt the town and renamed it Nandaragupan, meaning where once stood the commercial center, indicating its early importance as a trade, commercial and political center in the region. In 1720, Nandaragupan was chartered as a town but its name was simplified to Dagupan. Malong was eventually beheaded in the city's Pantal bridge in 1661 by Spanish authorities.

Dagupan was also the birthplace of a ladino named Caragay, who led another uprising in 1719 against the provincial governor (alcalde mayor, in Spanish), who had him flogged for what appeared to be a false accusation of smuggling. Governor Antonio del Valle had Caragay arrested in the village of Nantagalan, northeast of San Jacinto and Mangaldan and flogged. Vowing vengeance, Caragay organized a band of men who hounded the governor until they were able to kill him. Historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of Palaris and Diego Silang. In 1762, Dagupan would be one of the first towns to join the Palaris Revolt against Spain.

In 1780 Pantal, originally named Pantalan (port), became a trading center and docking station for merchant ships. At about the same time, the bangus industry thrived and mangrove swamps were converted into fishponds, starting the land conversions that would later have an impact on flooding and earthquake damage in the province. The opening of the Pantalan dock eased the transportation of goods from Pangasinan to other parts of the country, spurring the cultivation of idle lands in the eastern part and the development of fishponds in the western part of the province. The new dock also eased communications between the colonial government, its soldiers and the missionaries, who were tasked to colonize the natives in the Cordillera Mountains and the Cagayan Valley region and exploit its gold deposits.

In July 1787 the Spaniards began to build a road to connect Pangasinan and the Cagayan Valley, the home of several head-hunting tribesmen who refused to submit to Spanish rule. Although it took several years to complete, the road would play a vital role in the colonization of the Cagayan Valley and the Cordillera Mountains.

The Palaris and Silang revolts, which occurred simultaneously with the British Invasion of the Philippines demonstrated to the Spaniards the importance of ports in Pangasinan and Ilocos to the security of the entire island of Luzon. They thus became centers of Spanish governance and acculturation in the 19th century. When the port of Manila was opened to foreign trade in 1830, tobacco from Pangasinan and Cagayan Valley were shipped to the colonial capital via Dagupan and Lingayen. Foreign trading agents also began to make appearances in the two towns, starting a new era of prosperity, especially for the provincial gentry.

The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw found the description of the American writer David Barrows as appropriate:

The Filipino had now become embarked upon a new current of intellectual experience—a course of enlightenment which has been so full of unexpected development. Throughout the islands a class was rapidly growing up to which the new industries had brought wealth. Their means enabled them to build spacious and splendid homes of the fine hardwoods of the Philippines, and to surround themselves with such luxuries as the life of the islands permitted. This class was rapidly gaining education.

This was also true of the Dagupan gentry. Trade enriched many families and allowed them to send their scions to study overseas. These young men returned to the Philippines not only with technical knowledge in their chosen fields but also with the intellectual currents of the time, including constitutional republicanism which swept Spain in 1810.

News from the colonial government in Manila also reached Dagupan at a faster pace with the completion of the Manila-Dagupan Railway in 1891. The railway would play a significant role not only in the economic development of Pangasinan but also in the success of the Philippine Revolution.

Japanese Occupation

The Japanese planes bombed in Dagupan on December 1941 and through the occupying the Japanese forces on 1942. [9]The established of the military garrisons of the Imperial Japanese armed forces stationed in Dagupan. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army from 1942 to 1946 and Philippine Constabulary under the 2nd Infantry Regiment from 1944 to 1946 was active and stationed in Dagupan during the Japanese Occupation. Pangasinese freedom resistance was invaded on Dagupan from 1942 to 1945 and supporting local soldiers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army units and attacking Japanese and aftermath the three year conflicts by the guerrillas were retreating Japanese troops. Before the liberating American troops under the US Sixth Army was landed and invading Japanese troops at Lingayen Gulf on January 9, 1945.

Allied liberation

On January 8–January 9, 1945, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur landed his amphibious liberation force in the city's "Blue Beach" section along the Lingayen Gulf. From his beachhead in Dagupan, along with those in neighboring towns Lingayen, Binmaley and San Fabian, MacArthur's forces under General Walter Krueger together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army and Philippine Constabulary units were able to penetrate Japanese defenses in Luzon island and liberate Filipino and allied prisoners of war near Cabanatuan in the province of Nueva Ecija, and in Manila's University of Sto. Tomas, among others.

Dagupan's cityhood

Perez Boulevard

Dagupan became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 170, authored by Speaker Eugenio Pérez. It was signed into law by President Manuel Roxas on June 20, 1947.[10]

On October 15, 1947, President Roxas issued Executive Order No. 96 fixing the city limits to include the towns of Mangaldan, Pangasinan and Calasiao, Pangasinan but the residents of Calasiao rejected inclusion into the new city, causing controversy over the election that was held on November 10, 1947.

The dispute was brought before the Supreme Court of the Philippines which subsequently validated the election and ruled that Dagupan became a city on June 20, 1947, when Roxas signed the charter into law.

Despite the controversy attending Dagupan's rise as a city, the new city mayor, Alipio B. Fernandez Sr., embarked on an infrastructure program that would develop unused swamplands toward the south and west.

In 1948 he built a road from barrio Mayombo to barrio Tapuac, passing through the edge of barrio Pogo Chico. The road, built mostly on reclaimed swampland, was named Perez Boulevard, in honor of Rodrigo D. Perez, Dagupan's first lawyer and Assemblyman. The road was needed because of the increasing number of commercial establishments on Torres Bugallon Avenue and the growing number of residents at the southern limits of the city. In 1946, the Dagupan City High School was transferred from Torres Bugallon Avenue. Perez Boulevard expanded the commercial area south especially after Fernandez built a new public market at the bank of the river.

Later, Fernandez's successor Teofilo Guadiz, who served from 1954–1957 and 1958–1959, would also contribute to the city's expansion by extending Rizal Street, which was only then from Torres Bugallon to Rivera Street, up to the Iglesia ni Cristo compound. Also, he extended Galvan Street, which was then up to Gomez Street only, up to Perez Boulevard. He also secured funds from Senator Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr., a native of Pangasinan, to build a two-story semi-permanent building for the city high school. Guadiz also replaced the Bailey bridge on Perez Boulevard with a concrete one.

The westward expansion of the city went as far as Lucao, which was also swampland. Local historian Restituto Basa surmised that the name Lucao may have been derived from the shellfish called lukan that used to abound in the swampy area.

In June 1962, Dagupan was shaken by a series of strong earthquakes which occurred at irregular intervals for about three weeks. The quakes toppled the belfry of the Roman Catholic Church. Many people from Calmay, Carael and island barrios evacuated to other towns.

In 1968, the national government agencies opened offices in Dagupan and other key cities across the country. The daytime population increased substantially, causing congestion in the city that began to see the appearance of public utility tricycles.


On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck northern Luzon.

Geography

Dagupan City covers a total land area of 3,723 hectares (9,200 acres),[2] bounded by the Lingayen Gulf in the north, San Fabian in the northeast, Mangaldan in the east, Calasiao in the south and Binmaley in the west. Land use is primarily for agriculture with 35.98% of the total land area, fishpond, cropland, residential with 22.88%; others uses are commercial, industrial, institutional, government private, parks, and roads.

Panoramic view of Dagupan river

Barangays

Dagupan City is politically subdivided into 31 barangays.[4]

Barangay Population
(2010)[3]		 Population
(2007)[11]		 Change
Bacayao Norte 3,283 2,176 +50.87%
Bacayao Sur 2,632 2,011 +30.88%
Barangay I (T. Bugallon) 673 741 −9.18%
Barangay II (Nueva) 2,824 2,158 +30.86%
Barangay IV (Zamora) 841 985 −14.62%
Bolosan 3,862 3,187 +21.18%
Bonuan Binloc 8,246 7,507 +9.84%
Bonuan Boquig 13,686 10,852 +26.12%
Bonuan Gueset 22,042 20,335 +8.39%
Calmay 6,706 5,386 +24.51%
Carael 4,732 4,368 +8.33%
Caranglaan 6,459 7,848 −17.70%
Herrero 2,428 2,241 +8.34%
Lasip Chico 1,370 774 +77.00%
Lasip Grande 2,622 2,705 −3.07%
Lomboy 1,367 1,304 +4.83%
Lucao 9,748 7,974 +22.25%
Malued 9,406 9,798 −4.00%
Mamalingling 1,456 1,280 +13.75%
Mangin 3,700 3,611 +2.46%
Mayombo 7,937 6,566 +20.88%
Pantal 17,174 16,835 +2.01%
Poblacion Oeste 4,523 4,231 +6.90%
Pogo Chico 4,603 4,852 −5.13%
Pogo Grande 2,112 2,243 −5.84%
Pugaro Suit 4,757 4,063 +17.08%
Salapingao 2,890 2,466 +17.19%
Salisay 2,134 2,191 −2.60%
Tambac 2,328 2,064 +12.79%
Tapuac 4,391 4,166 +5.40%
Tebeng 2,744 2,636 +4.10%

Climate

Climate data for Dagupan City
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37
(99)		 37
(99)		 38
(100)		 39
(102)		 42
(108)		 38
(100)		 38
(100)		 38
(100)		 40
(104)		 42
(108)		 34
(93)		 37
(99)		 42
(108)
Average high °C (°F) 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 32
(90)		 33
(91)		 33
(91)		 31
(88)		 31
(88)		 30
(86)		 31
(88)		 31
(88)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 31
(87.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26
(79)		 26
(79)		 28
(82)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 28
(82)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 28
(82)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 27.5
(81.4)
Average low °C (°F) 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 23
(73)		 25
(77)		 26
(79)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 22
(72)		 24.1
(75.4)
Record low °C (°F) 13
(55)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 17
(63)		 18
(64)		 16
(61)		 22
(72)		 17
(63)		 10
(50)		 20
(68)		 11
(52)		 16
(61)		 10
(50)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 4.3
(0.169)		 19.1
(0.752)		 27.3
(1.075)		 45.2
(1.78)		 153.3
(6.035)		 271.3
(10.681)		 411.1
(16.185)		 532.0
(20.945)		 364.4
(14.346)		 182.5
(7.185)		 56.3
(2.217)		 24.4
(0.961)		 2,091.2
(82.331)
Average rainy days 3 2 3 5 14 17 22 23 21 13 7 4 134
Average relative humidity (%) 85 84 84 84 88 91 92 94 93 92 89 86 88.5
Mean daily sunshine hours 11.7 12 12.4 12.9 13.3 13.5 13.4 13.0 12.6 12.1 11.8 11.6 12.52
Source #1: World Weather Online[12]
Source #2: Weatherbase [13]

Demographics

Population census of
Dagupan City
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 52,865—    
1918 69,567+1.85%
1939 87,976+1.12%
1948 87,864−0.01%
1960 90,586+0.25%
1970 97,148+0.70%
1975 105,237+1.62%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 112,967+1.43%
1990 122,247+0.79%
1995 126,214+0.60%
2000 130,328+0.69%
2007 149,554+1.92%
2010 163,676+3.34%

Pangasinenses are the people in Dagupan City who are known to be businessmen and traders.

Tourism and culture

Dagupan City Museum
Crab building Dagupan

Dagupan's interesting points, attractions, events and heritage sites include:

Dining

The city contains a variety of restaurants and fast foods outlets. In Bonuan-Tondaligan area alone, there are about 30 seafood diners, which serve Dagupan Bangus any way one wants it: inihaw (roasted/broiled), sinigang, kilawen and daing. For those with adventurous palate, they can try the local favorites pigar-pigar in Galvan Street, kaleskes in Herrero-Perez. Dagupan's other delicacies and foods include sunflower seeds brittle, cassava cake, buko pastillas, bocayo, rice cakes such as puto.

Alongside Galvan Street, pigar pigar (sauteed beef) is served along with cauliflower and other secret spices. Kaleskes also becomes a delight to those craving for sumptuous soup served in every street corner.

Bangus Festival

The longest barbecue measured 1,007.56 metres (3,305.6 ft). It was created by the people of Dagupan City on May 3, 2003, as part of the city's Bangus Festival. Dagupan City broke Canchia's (Peru) 613 metres (2,011 ft) long record set in November 1999. Dagupeños grilled Bonuan bangus at the "Kalutan ed Dagupan" street party.[14] (Dagupan City Fiesta 2012 - "Bayanihan Sa Liwanag" LIGHTS).

Local government

City Hall

City of Dagupan Official Seal

Old City of Dagupan Seal

The old city seal first appeared on the cover of the 1948 Dagupan City Fiesta and Fair souvenir program.

The old seal was submitted and approved by the Philippine Heraldry Committee in 1948. Railroad and highway were added to emphasize the city's geographic location and to stress the strategic role it played to establish Dagupan as the trading post of the North.

2012 New official seal and logo

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines' Chair Maria Serena I. Diokno and Paquito Ochoa, Jr.[15] signed the Certificate of the new Dagupan Seal. Mayor Benjamin S. Lim officially received on December 9, 2012, the certificate of registration for this city's new corporate seal from Secretary Mar Roxas (Republic Act 7160) permanently abandoning the 68-year-old logo and seal, saying: "Mula sa araw na ito, ito na ang magiging simbolo ng Bangus Capital of the World."

Dr. Carmelo John E. Vidal, of Poblacion Oeste and director of the Center for Integrated Extension Services and National Service Training Program Unit of the University of Luzon designed the approved new Seal, to wit: the word BANGUS, lower portion of the seal, midpart of the 7 waves representing the 7 river tributaries; unique shape of the shield; slogan "Sigue Dagupan"; the highway crisscrossing the railroad track, Pandarugupan or meeting place; the horseshoe magnet, the rising sun, gear wheel, and blazing torch and the gear wheel; the stars represent the city's 31 barangays; 1947 signifies Dagupan, Pangasinan birth by Republic Act No. 170.[16]

Education

Since the Spanish time, Dagupan has always been the center of education in Ilocos Region (Region 1). The private sector-driven centers of education University of Pangasinan, University of Luzon and Lyceum-Northwestern University lead, 14 colleges and 18 vocational schools and 3 technical learning centers, 19 secondary schools and 53 elementary schools both in public and private.

Colleges and universities

Public secondary schools

  • Bonuan Boquig National High School
  • Carael National High School
  • Dagupan City National High School
    • Science, Technology,Engineering and Mathematics Program
    • Special Program in the Arts
    • K-12 Basic Education Curriculum
  • Judge Jose de Venecia, Sr. Memorial National High School
  • Salapingao National High School

Private primary and secondary schools

  • St. Michael School By-the-Sea, inc.
  • Clifford Interactive Learning School
  • Divine Word Academy of Dagupan
  • Dominican School
  • Ednas School
  • Escuela de Nuestra Señora de La Salette
  • Genesis School of Happy Kids Advanced Studies
  • Harvent School
  • Hilkan Montessori
  • Instituto Centro Asia (http://institutocentroasia.com/)
  • JCCMI Christian Academy
  • La Marea Academy
  • Living Lights Academy Foundation
  • Francisco Q. Duque Medical Foundation Special Science High School
  • Francisco Q. Duque Medical Foundation Regular High School
  • Mother Goose Playskool and Gradeschool
  • Mother Goose Special Science High School
  • Oakridge International School of Young Leaders (www.oakridgeschoolphilippines.com)
  • Pangasinan Universal Institute
  • St. Albert the Great School
  • St. John's Cathedral School
  • University of Pangasinan
  • University of Luzon
  • Wonderland School

Health services

Medical and health service centers abound in Dagupan. Out of 51 hospitals in Pangasinan, 12 are located in the city. The largest of these is the Region 1 Medical Center with hospital bed capacity of 600.

Hospitals and medical centers include:

Communication and mass media

Dagupan City is home to regional television stations of GMA Network, Solar News Channel, TV5 and ABS-CBN, sixteen radio broadcasting stations, at least seventeen local newspapers and three cable television companies. There are two news programs TV Patrol North Central Luzon (ABS-CBN Dagupan) and 24 Oras Amianan (GMA Dagupan). There are also four internet service providers and more than 30 cyber cafes now operating in the city.

The city government of Dagupan is the first local government unit (LGU) in the country to apply the Electronic Commerce Law. Thus, business transactions with the city hall can be made via internet.

Sister cities

Local

International

References

  1. ↑ "Cities". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  2. 1 2 "Province: Pangasinan". PSGC Interactive. Retrieved on 2012-05-29.
  3. 1 2 3 "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Municipality/City: Dagupan City". PSGC Interactive. Retrieved on 2012-05-29.
  5. 1 2 "LGU Profile Dagupan City". Local Governance Performance Management Systems. Retrieved on 2012-05-29.
  6. ↑ "Dagupan City: The Home of the World’s Longest Barbecue". National Statistical Coordination Board Profile. Retrieved on 2012-05-30.
  7. ↑ William Henry Scott (1983). "The fact that Chief Kamayin's name is transliterated by the Chinese characters for "excellent," "horse," and' "silver" led Berthold Laufer in his 1907 "The relations of the Chinese to the Philippines" to list horses and silver among the Pangasinan gifts (Historical Bulletin 1967 reprint, Vol. 11, p. 10); this error was carelessly copied by Wu Ching-hong in his 1962 "The rise and decline of Chuanchou's international trade" (Proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia, p. 477), whence it passed into more than one Philippine text, but was not repeated by Wu himself in his later works.Laufer also refers to a Philippine embassy led by a "high official called Ko-ch'a-lao" whom no other scholar has been able to locate and whom Beyer identifies as a "Chinese governor appointed for the island of Luzon" (op. cit., loc. cit.)." (PDF). Guttenburg Free Online E-books 1: 8.
  8. ↑ "Dagupan City in Pangasinan Luzon PhilippinesPhilippines". www.philippine-islands.ph. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  9. ↑ "Reporter Predicted Japanese Attack - Pearl Harbor - Hector C. Bywater". www.lindseywilliams.org. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  10. ↑ "Republic Act No. 170 - An Act Creating the City of Dagupan". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  11. ↑ "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of August 1, 2007: Pangasinan". National Statistics Office. National Statistics Office. April 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  12. ↑ "Dagupan, Philippines: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". World Weather Online. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Dagupan, Philippines Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  14. ↑ sunstar.com.ph, Sto. Tomas gets world's longest barbecue title
  15. ↑ http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=411355391039
  16. ↑ http://www.luzonsundayreport.com/dagupans-new-corporate-seal-a-symbol-of-citys-sovereignty-bsl/
  17. ↑ "Sister Cities, Public Relations". Guadalajara municipal government. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  18. ↑ "30th year of Dagupan-Iwata sisterhood pact celebrated". Sunday Punch Line. Retrieved December 4, 2013.

Further reading

External links

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