Demographics of Toronto

The demographics of Toronto, Ontario, Canada make Toronto one of the most multicultural cities in the world. Data released by Statistics Canada as part of the 2006 census indicated that 49.9% of Toronto's population is foreign-born.[1] According to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) performed by Statistics Canada, that percentage had dropped - only slightly - to 48.6%[2]

The most common reported ethnic origins[3] of Toronto residents are those from England (12.9%), China (12.0%), Canada (11.3%), Ireland (9.7%), Scotland (9.5%), India (7.6%), Italy (6.9%), the Philippines (5.5%), Germany (4.6%), France (4.5%), Poland (3.8%), Portugal (3.6%), and Jamaica (3.2%), or are of Jewish ethnic origin (3.1%). There is also a significant population of Ukrainians (2.5%), Russians (2.4%), Sri Lankans (2.3%), Spanish (2.2%), Greeks (2.2%), people from the British Isles in general (2.0%), Koreans (1.5%), Dutch (1.5%), Iranians (1.4%), Vietnamese (1.4%), Pakistanis (1.2%), Hungarians (1.2%), Guyanese (1.1%), and Welsh (1.0%). Communities of Afghans, Albanians, Arabs, Barbadians, Bangladeshis, Bulgarians, Colombians, Croats, Ecuadorians, Ethiopians, Grenadians, Macedonians, Mexicans, Nepalis, Romanians, Salvadorans, Serbs, Somalis, Tibetans, Trinidadians, and Vincentians are also recognized. Established ethnic neighbourhoods such as Chinatown, Corso Italia, Little Italy, Little India, Greektown, Koreatown, Little Jamaica, Little Portugal and Roncesvalles celebrate the city's multiculturalism.[4]

Christianity is the largest faith group in Toronto's census metropolitan area,[5] adhered to by 56.7% of the population, with Roman Catholics in particular being 30.4% of the population. 21.1% of the population has no religious affiliation. Islam is the second most popular religion with 8.2% of the population, followed by Hinduism at 5.9%. As regards Protestant denominations, the Anglican Church accounts for 4.1% of the population, with the United Church of Canada only slightly lagging, at 3.7%. The Eastern stream of Christianity is adhered to by that 3.7% of the population of the Toronto CMA that are Christian Orthodox. Judaism is the religion of 3.0% of Torontonians, closely followed by Sikhism, which is the religion for 2.9% of the population; there are also 2.2% of residents of the Toronto CMA that are Buddhists. Protestant denominations such as Pentecostalism (1.8%), Presbyterianism (1.7%), and Baptists (1.5%) follow.

While English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians, Statistics Canada reports that other language groups are significant, including Chinese varieties (particularly Cantonese and Mandarin), Italian, Punjabi, Spanish, Tagalog, Urdu, Tamil, Portuguese, Persian, Arabic, Russian, Polish, Gujarati, Korean, Vietnamese, and Greek. Canada's other official language, French, is spoken by 1.2% of the population.

Of the 25 City of Toronto MPs, 11 are of non-British/non-French origin, and in particular: Chinese (3), Jewish (2), East Indian (1), Iranian (1), Italian (1), Pakistani (1), Polish (1), Somali (1).

Taking into account the whole of GTA: East Indian (10), Chinese (4), Jewish (3), German (2), Iranian (2), Italian (2), Danish (1), Grenadian (1), Pakistani (1), Polish (1), Portuguese (1), Somali (1), Syrian (1).

Population

Toronto population by year, within present boundaries
Year City Urban CMA GTA GTHA GH GGH
1861 65,085[6] — 193,844[6] — — — —
1901 238,080[6] — 440,000[6] — — — —
1931 856,955 — 810,000[7] — — — —
1941 951,549 — 900,000[7] — — — —
1951 1,176,622 — 1,262,000[7] — — — —
1961 1,824,481 — 1,919,000[7] — — — —
1971 2,089,729[8] — 2,628,045[9] — — — —
1976 2,124,291[8] — 2,803,101[9] — — — —
1981 2,137,395[8] — 2,998,947[9] — — — —
1986 2,192,721[10] — 3,427,170[9] 3,733,085[10] — — —
1991 2,275,771[10] — 3,893,933[11] 4,235,756[10] — — —
1996 2,385,421[12] — 4,263,759[12] 4,628,883[13] 5,096,682[14] 5,500,186[14] 6,935,499[14]
2001 2,481,494[15] 4,375,899[16] 4,682,897[15] 5,081,826[13] 5,572,104[14] 5,982,678[14] 7,532,246[14]
2006 2,503,281[15] 4,732,361[17] 5,113,149[15] 5,555,912[18] 6,060,471[19] 6,487,892[19] 8,164,593[19]
2011 2,615,060[20] 5,132,794[17] 5,583,064[20] 6,054,191[21] 6,574,140[21] 7,005,486[21] 8,759,312[21]

The last complete census by Statistics Canada estimated there were 2,615,060 people living in Toronto,[20] making it the largest city in Canada,[22] and the fifth most populous municipality in North America.[23]

City of Toronto
(2011 census)		 2,615,060
Toronto Census Metropolitan Area
(2011 census)		 5,583,064
Annual Growth Rate 0.9%

Toronto's population grew by 1.0% from 2001 to 2006, with an annual growth rate of 0.2%. As of 2001, 17.5% of the population was 14 years and under, and 13.6% was 65 years and over; the median age was 36.9 years. Most recent studies show this has dropped to around 35.4 years of age, and the growth rate has increased to 0.4%.

2011 Census population data for the City of Toronto are to found readily aggregrated at a finer level than the city as a whole at i. the electoral district (riding) level (2003 redistribution)[21] and ii. the neighbourhood level.[24] The three ridings with the largest increase in population between 2006 and 2011 in the City of Toronto have been Trinity-Spadina (25.5%), Etobicoke-Lakeshore (7.3%), and Toronto Centre (7.3%); actually, the following four (4) ridings in the GTA have had a higher population increase even than Trinity-Spadina, and along with the aforementioned City of Toronto riding constitute the five (5) Ontario ridings with the highest increase in population: Oak Ridges-Markham (35.5%), Halton (33.9%), Vaughan (27.1%), and Bramalea-Gore-Malton (25.8%). On the contrary, the population in the Davenport riding actually decreased (-2.2%), whereas in Scarborough-Agincourt (+0.2%) and Toronto-Danforth (+0.3%) it only marginally increased (these are the lowest figures for the GTA at large too).

The neighbourhoods in the City of Toronto that experienced the highest increase in population from 2001 to 2011 are:

It is in the neighbourhoods of Corso Italia-Davenport (-12.8%), Greenwood-Coxwell (-11.9%), Regent Park (-11.3%), and Little Portugal (-10.3%) in the old city of Toronto; and Caledonia-Fairbank (-10.4%) and Beechborough-Greenbrook (-10.0%) in York that population has declined the most.

Cultural diversity

In 2001, 43.7% of Torontonians were foreign-born.[25]
Pie chart showing Toronto's visible minority make up (according to Canada 2006 Census).

In 2004, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reported that Toronto had the second-largest proportion of foreign-born residents of major world cities, behind only Miami, Florida. While Miami's foreign-born population is dominated by those of Cuban and Latin American descent, Toronto's foreign-born population is not dominated by any particular ethnic or geographical group.

The 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) indicates that 49.1% of Toronto's population is composed of visible minorities; 1,264,395 non-Whites, or 20.2% of Canada's visible minority population, live in the city of Toronto; of this, approximately 70% are of Asian ancestry. Annually, almost half of all immigrants to Canada settle in the Greater Toronto Area. In March 2005, Statistics Canada projected that the combined visible minority proportion will comprise a majority in both Toronto and Vancouver by 2012, a projection which, given the 49.1% figure in the 2011 NHS, may actually prove true, at least for the case of Toronto. According to a study released by the Toronto District School Board in December 2012 found that 66 percent of students ages 4 through 18 came from visible minorities. East Asians made the largest ethnic group (33 percent) along with South Asians (28 percent) coming in second of the city of Toronto's overall population.

In particular, the progression of the percentage of visible minorities in the city of Toronto from 1996 to 2011 has been as follows:

Visible Minorities as % of Population
Visible Minority 2011 NHS[26] 2006 Census 2001 Census 1996 Census[27]
South Asian 12.3 12.0 10.3 8.1
Chinese 10.8 11.4 10.6 9.3
Black 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.1
Filipino 5.1 4.1 3.5 2.8
Arab/West Asian 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.1
Latin American 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.0
Southeast Asian 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4
multiple 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.7
Korean 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0
not included elsewhere 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.2
Japanese 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Total 49.1 46.9 42.8 37.3
Visible minority and Aboriginal population[28][29][30]
Population group Population (2011) % of total population (2011) Population (2006) % of total population (2006)
White 1,292,365 50.2% 1,300,330 52.5%
Visible minority group South Asian 317,100 12.3% 298,370 12%
Chinese 278,390 10.8% 283,075 11.4%
Black 218,160 8.5% 208,555 8.4%
Filipino 132,445 5.1% 102,555 4.1%
Latin American 71,205 2.8% 64,855 2.6%
Arab 28,920 1.1% 22,485 0.9%
Southeast Asian 46,825 1.8% 37,495 1.5%
West Asian 50,235 2% 42,755 1.7%
Korean 37,225 1.4% 34,220 1.4%
Japanese 12,315 0.5% 11,965 0.5%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 33,670 1.3% 25,195 1%
Multiple visible minorities 37,920 1.5% 31,100 1.3%
Total visible minority population 1,264,395 49.1% 1,162,630 46.9%
Aboriginal group First Nations 12,990 0.5% 9,130 0.4%
Métis 4,875 0.2% 3,650 0.1%
Inuit 305 0% 195 0%
Aboriginal, n.i.e. 920 0% 485 0%
Multiple Aboriginal identities 180 0% 145 0%
Total Aboriginal population 19,265 0.7% 13,605 0.5%
Total population 2,576,025 100% 2,476,565 100%

The top visible-minority groups per Community Council (2006 Census) are as follows:

While the progression of the percentage of visible minorities in the aforementioned Community Councils (pre-amalgamation municipalities or pairs thereof) has not been uniform:

RIDINGS (2011 NHS)

The finest granularity of visible minority in Toronto provided by the 2011 NHS is that of the federal electoral district (riding; 2003 redistribution).[31] Census tracts (and hence ward and neighbourhood) data is not available. This per-riding data (based on the 2003 redistribution) is also available for the 2001 and 2006 censuses, thus enabling useful comparisons. For instance, visible minorities as a percentage of the population only marginally increased, or even decreased (Toronto-Danforth, Parkdale-High Park, Toronto Centre, and, in the last five years, Davenport) in the "Old" Toronto, East York and South Etobicoke ridings, while on the other hand increased significantly in Scarborough and North York.

Visible Minorities as % of Population
Riding 2011 NHS 2006 Census 2001 Census
Etobicoke-Lakeshore 23.8 20.8 19.1
Parkdale-High Park 25.6 26.1 26.8
St. Paul's 25.8 23.3 22.4
Etobicoke Centre 27.5 25.3 22.3
Eglinton-Lawrence 28.9 24.7 21.1
Beaches-East York 31.7 31.3 29.4
Toronto-Danforth 32.7 33.9 36.3
Davenport 33.0 33.2 31.6
Trinity-Spadina 37.2 36.5 35.3
Toronto Centre 40.8 41.0 41.3
York Centre 41.0 37.1 30.9
Don Valley West 46.0 43.1 39.4
Scarborough Southwest 51.4 48.4 43.4
York South-Weston 54.3 50.9 47.6
Don Valley East 59.4 57.0 53.7
Willowdale 63.7 59.8 50.8
Scarborough Centre 65.0 61.2 51.8
Scarborough-Guildwood 65.8 61.0 54.2
York West 72.2 68.0 62.8
Etobicoke North 72.9 71.0 63.2
Scarborough-Agincourt 78.8 76.7 69.3
Scarborough-Rouge River 91.0 89.7 84.6

TORONTO & EAST YORK

NORTH YORK

SCARBOROUGH

ETOBICOKE & YORK

Toronto CMA

Ethnicity groups in the Toronto CMA (2011)
Source: Statistics Canada 2011 Toronto CMA NHS Profile: Visible Minority		 Population %
Ethnicity group White / Aboriginal 2,924,815 53.0
South Asian 833,085 15.1
Chinese 531,635 9.6
Black 397,175 7.2
Filipino 230,075 4.2
Latin American 117,005 2.1
West Asian 96,650 1.8
Southeast Asian 90,990 1.6
Arab 74,990 1.4
Korean 61,300 1.1
Japanese 20,015 0.4
Multiple minorities 74,840 1.4
Other 68,660 1.2
Total population 5,521,235 100

Concentrations of ethnic groups per Toronto CMA municipality are as follows, with the largest proportion of each group in bold[32] (only percentages higher than 3% are included):

Top 20 Ethnic Origins in the Toronto
CMA (2011;[33] Total Responses)		 Population % 2006 Population % 2001[34] Population % 1996[35] Population %
English 777,110 14.1 English 804,100 15.9 Canadian 861,945 18.5 English 891,735 21.1
Canadian 728,745 13.2 Canadian 651,635 12.8 English 783,770 16.9 Canadian 710,755 16.8
Chinese 594,735 10.8 Scottish 561,050 11.1 Scottish 517,115 11.1 Scottish 534,595 12.6
East Indian 572,250 10.4 Chinese 537,060 10.6 Irish 487,215 10.4 Irish 480,980 11.4
Scottish 545,365 9.9 Irish 531,865 10.5 Chinese 435,685 9.4 Italian 414,310 9.8
Irish 543,600 9.8 East Indian 484,655 9.6 Italian 429,385 9.2 Chinese 359,450 8.5
Italian 475,090 8.6 Italian 466,155 9.2 East Indian 345,855 7.4 East Indian 255,685 6.0
German 262,830 4.8 German 259,015 5.1 French 220,535 4.7 French 236,315 5.6
French 249,375 4.5 French 241,395 4.8 German 220,140 4.7 German 224,525 5.3
Filipino 246,345 4.5 Polish 207,495 4.1 Portuguese 171,545 3.7 Portuguese 161,685 3.8
Polish 214,455 3.9 Portuguese 188,110 3.7 Polish 166,695 3.6 Polish 161,005 3.8
Portuguese 196,975 3.6 Filipino 181,330 3.6 Jewish 161,215 3.5 Jewish 156,300 3.7
Jamaican 177,305 3.2 Jamaican 160,205 3.2 Jamaican 150,840 3.2 Jamaican 133,690 3.2
Jewish 137,165 2.5 Jewish 141,685 2.8 Filipino 140,405 3.0 Filipino 102,525 2.4
Ukrainian 130,350 2.4 Ukrainian 122,510 2.4 Ukrainian 104,485 2.2 Ukrainian 95,500 2.3
Russian 118,090 2.1 Russian 102,815 2.0 Dutch (Netherlands) 85,860 1.8 Dutch (Netherlands) 85,250 2.0
Spanish 105,740 1.9 Spanish 97,255 1.9 Greek 85,375 1.8 Greek 80,330 1.9
Sri Lankan 104,980 1.9 Dutch (Netherlands) 95,560 1.9 Spanish 65,600 1.4 Spanish 62,520 1.5
British Isles origins (other) 104,070 1.9 Greek 90,585 1.8 Russian 62,540 1.3 Hungarian (Magyar) 44,160 1.1
Dutch (Netherlands) 98,925 1.8 Sri Lankan 80,610 1.6 Hungarian (Magyar) 46,790 1.0 Welsh 44,015 1.0
Total population 5,521,235 100 Total population 5,072,075 100 Total population 4,647,955 100 Total population 4,232,905 100

Top ethnic origin per Toronto neighbourhood (as designated by the City of Toronto; 2006 Census data - total responses)

RIDINGS (2011 NHS)

The finest granularity of ethnic origin data provided by the 2011 NHS is that of the federal electoral district (riding; 2003 redistribution).[36] Census tracts (and hence ward and neighbourhood) data is not available. For each of the federal electoral districts in the City of Toronto, the ethnic origin groups with 3% of more of population are shown, in a rough correspondence with community councils and pre-amalgamation municipalities (highest % for each ethnic group as well most populous ethnic group in riding as shown in bold):

TORONTO & EAST YORK

NORTH YORK

SCARBOROUGH

ETOBICOKE & YORK

Cambodians

Main article: Cambodians in Toronto

Chinese

Main article: Chinese in Toronto

Greeks

Indo-Canadians

Italians

Main article: Italians in Toronto

Japanese

Main article: Japanese in Toronto

Vietnamese

Main article: Vietnamese in Toronto

Religion

Roman Catholics accounted for 33.4% of the population of the city of Toronto in 2001, followed by Protestants with 21.2%. Members of Christian Orthodox churches accounted for 4.9%, and other Christians (those not specifically identifying as Catholic, Protestant or Orthodox) formed 3.9%. The city's religious makeup also includes Islam with 5.5% (including large number of Sunni and Ahmadiyya members), Hinduism (4.1%), Judaism (3.5%), Buddhism (2.1%), Sikh (1%), and other communities; 16.6% reported no religious affiliation.[37] Toronto's Baha'i community is one of the strongest of its kind and is a 'learning site' by which other Baha'i communities can learn from.

In particular, the 2001 Census data showed the following data per pre-amalgamation municipality:

The 2011 National Household Survey found that Roman Catholics accounted for 28.2% of the population in the city of Toronto in 2011, followed by those of no religious affiliation at 24.1%, "Other Christian" at 9.7%, and Muslims at 8.2%. Besides those registered in the "other christian" category there were other Christian denominations who were also registered in the census, including Anglicans(3.8%), Baptists (1.4%), Christian Orthodox (4.3%), Lutheran (0.6%), Pentecostal (1.6%), Presbyterian (1.5%), and United Church (3%). Buddhists (2.7%), Hindu (5.6%), Judaism(3.8%), Sikh (0.8%), Aboriginal spirituality (0.03%) and "Other religions" (0.5%) were also included.[38]

Ethno-religious groups

Main article: Jews in Toronto

Languages

Languages of Toronto
Mother tongue (single and multiple responses)
English
  
 57%
Indo-Iranian languages (Punjabi, Urdu, Persian, etc.)
  
 10%
Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin etc.)
  
 8%
Romance languages (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, etc.)
  
 8%
Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, etc.)
  
 5%
Malayo-Polynesian languages (Filipino etc.)
  
 3%
Dravidian languages (Tamil etc.)
  
 2.5%
Afroasiatic languages (Arabic, Somali, Hebrew, etc.)
  
 2.5%
French
  
 1.5%
Germanic languages (German, Dutch etc.)
  
 1%
Korean
  
 1%
Austroasiatic languages (Vietnamese etc.)
  
 1%
Greek
  
 1%

While English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians, Statistics Canada reports that other language groups are significant, of which most prevalent[39] are:

Mother tongue by population (single responses)

Toronto CMA, 2011[40] Population %
English 2,980,215 53.8
Cantonese 170,490 3.1
Italian 166,415 3.0
Chinese (not otherwise specified) 157,145 2.8
Panjabi (Punjabi) 153,475 2.8
Spanish 119,965 2.2
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 119,240 2.2
Urdu 110,255 2.0
Tamil 105,340 1.9
Portuguese 104,110 1.9
Mandarin 100,050 1.8
Persian 81,015 1.5
Russian 78,105 1.4
Polish 75,275 1.4
Arabic 66,710 1.2
French 63,160 1.1
Gujarati 58,715 1.1
Korean 51,395 0.9
Vietnamese 45,270 0.8
Greek 42,840 0.8

The finest granularity of mother tongue and language spoken in Toronto yet provided by the 2011 Census is that of the federal electoral district (riding; 2003 redistribution).[41] Census tracts (and hence ward and neighbourhood) data is not yet available. For each of the federal electoral districts in the City of Toronto, the top three (3) (or more if having more than 3% of native speakers; single responses are used - it is indicated by way of using bold whether English is the mother tongue of more than 60% of the population or if another language exceeds 10% of native speakers) are as follows:

TORONTO & EAST YORK

NORTH YORK

SCARBOROUGH

ETOBICOKE YORK

Following are the corresponding data for the GTA ridings neighbouring the City of Toronto:

IN YORK REGION

IN PEEL REGION

IN DURHAM REGION

Immigration patterns

According to the Canadian government, Toronto has the highest per capita immigration rate in the world.[42] Within Canada itself, 43% of all new immigrants to Canada settle in the Greater Toronto Area adding significantly to Toronto's population. According to the 2006 Census,[43] 45.7% of the residents of Toronto were immigrants. For the City of Toronto, the corresponding figure stood at 50.0%[44]

The 2006 Census data[45] show the following temporal patterns in the sources of immigration to Toronto (and retention of immigrants per source country):

The percentage and breakdown of immigrants per place of birth for each City of Toronto Community Council is as follows:[46]

The City of Toronto ward with the highest percentage of total immigrants is Ward 41 Scarborough-Rouge River where 71.4% of the total population are immigrants (Eastern Asia 41.4%, Southern Asia 10.7%, Southeast Asia 6.0%, Caribbean & Bermuda 3.8%). At the other end of the spectrum is Ward 16 Eglinton-Lawrence having the lowest percentage of immigrants, 24.7% in particular (Eastern Europe 4.1%, Northern Europe 3.4%, Southern Europe 3.3%).

Highs and Lows

Wards

Ethnocultural

Mother tongue

(highest %)

Home language

(highest %)

Ethnic origin

(highest %; single responses)

Visible minority

(highest %)

Education

(highest %)

References

  1. ↑ A city of unmatched diversity, The Toronto Star, December 5, 2007
  2. ↑
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ "Population by selected ethnic origins (Toronto)". Statistics Canada. 2001. Retrieved May 20, 2006.
  5. ↑
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Toronto history FAQs: What was the population of Toronto in various years?". City of Toronto Archives. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Canada: 20 Top Census Metropolitan Areas:Population from 1931" (link). Demographia. Demographia. 2001. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  8. 1 2 3 "Toronto City & CMA Population 1971-2006". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Population Tables for Toronto CMA". Statistics Canada. 1971. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "1996 Community Profile for Toronto" (PDF). Statistics Canada. City of Toronto. 1996. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  11. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Metropolitan Areas in Decreasing Order of 1996 Population, 1991 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data". Statistics Canada. 2001-04-17. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
  12. 1 2 "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
  13. 1 2 "2001 Community Profile for Toronto" (PDF). Statistics Canada. City of Toronto. 2001. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data". Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  16. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  17. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  18. ↑ "2006 Community Profile for Toronto, Ontario". Statistics Canada. March 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  19. 1 2 3 This reference is broken.
  20. 1 2 3 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 "Population and dwelling counts, for population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  22. ↑ "Toronto Quick Facts". Government of Canada, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Investment, Science & Technology Branch. Archived from the original on 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
  23. ↑ "City of Toronto: Toronto Overview". City of Toronto. 2007. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
  24. ↑
  25. ↑ http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo47a.htm
  26. ↑ (
  27. ↑ Erstwhile Metro Toronto
  28. ↑ , Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision
  29. ↑ , Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision
  30. ↑ , National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  31. ↑
  32. ↑
  33. ↑
  34. ↑
  35. ↑ http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census96/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=255165&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35682&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1996&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0
  36. ↑
  37. ↑ "2001 Community Profiles, Toronto, Ontario (City)". Statistics Canada. 2001. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
  38. ↑ "2011 NHS Profile, Toronto, Ontario (City)". Statistics Canada. 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  39. ↑ Detailed Mother Tongue, Toronto CMA 2011, Retrieved on October 25, 2012.
  40. ↑ Toronto CMA Profile, Toronto CMA 2011, Retrieved on October 25, 2012.
  41. ↑
  42. ↑ (BP-190E)
  43. ↑
  44. ↑
  45. ↑
  46. ↑
  47. ↑
  48. ↑

Sources

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