Demographics of Burkina Faso

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Burkina Faso, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Burkina Faso, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Burkina Faso's 15.3 million people belong to two major West African cultural groups—the Gur (Voltaic) and the Mandé. The Voltaic are far more numerous and include the Mossi, who make up about one-half of the population. The Mossi claim descent from warriors who migrated to present-day Burkina Faso and established an empire that lasted more than 800 years. Predominantly farmers, the Mossi are still bound by the traditions of the Mogho Naba, who hold court in Ouagadougou.

About 12,000 Europeans reside in Burkina Faso, the majority of whom are French.

Most of Burkina Faso's population is concentrated in the south and center of the country, with a population density sometimes exceeding 48 inhabitants per square kilometer (120 inhabitants per square mile). This population density, high for Africa, causes annual migrations of hundreds of thousands of Burkinabé to Ivory Coast and Ghana for seasonal agricultural work. About a third of Burkinabé adhere to traditional African religions. The introduction of Islam to Burkina Faso was initially resisted by the Mossi rulers. Christians, predominantly Roman Catholics, are largely concentrated among the urban elite.

Few Burkinabé have had formal education. Schooling is free but not compulsory, and only about 29% of Burkina's primary school-age children receive a basic education. The University of Ouagadougou, founded in 1974, was the country's first institution of higher education. The Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso in Bobo-Dioulasso was opened in 1995.

Population

According to the 2010 revison of the World Population Prospects the total population was 16 469 000 in 2010, compared to only 4 284 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.3%, 52.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.2% was 65 years or older .[1]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 4 28440.757.32.0
1955 4 53540.956.92.2
1960 4 88241.356.42.3
1965 5 28441.955.72.4
1970 5 80743.653.92.5
1975 6 43544.952.52.6
1980 7 21246.450.92.7
1985 8 17047.449.92.7
1990 9 32447.749.72.6
1995 10 69247.250.32.5
2000 12 29446.551.22.3
2005 14 19845.951.92.2
2010 16 46945.352.42.2

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Burkina Faso not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [1]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 208 000 138 000 70 00047.331.316.06.10308
1955-1960 225 000 135 000 90 00047.728.619.16.24258
1960-1965 243 000 134 000 109 00047.926.421.56.35217
1965-1970 269 000 135 000 134 00048.424.324.16.56184
1970-1975 294 000 135 000 160 00048.122.026.16.70157
1975-1980 335 000 136 000 199 00049.120.029.17.02136
1980-1985 373 000 138 000 235 00048.518.030.67.06121
1985-1990 417 000 149 000 268 00047.717.130.66.94111
1990-1995 469 000 165 000 304 00046.816.530.36.71101
1995-2000 527 000 179 000 348 00045.815.630.36.4093
2000-2005 594 000 189 000 406 00044.914.230.66.1486
2005-2010 672 000 193 000 479 00043.912.631.25.9579
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[2][3] [4] [5]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1993 43.0 6.9 (6.0) 39.0 5.0 (3.9) 43.0 7.3 (6.5)
1998-99 45.1 6.8 (6.0) 32.6 4.1 (3.4) 47.0 7.3 (6.5)
2003 42.6 6.2 (5.4) 32.4 3.7 (3.2) 44.5 6.9 (6.0)
2010 41.2 6.0 (5.2) 33.3 3.9 (3.3) 43.3 6.7 (5.9)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

15,746,232 (July 2009 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Age structure

0-14 years: 46.8% (male 3,267,202/female 3,235,190)
15-64 years: 50.7% (male 3,513,559/female 3,538,623)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 140,083/female 208,315) (2006 est.)

Median age

Total: 16.8 years
Male: 16.6 years
Female: 17 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate

3.103% (2009 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
A girl from Burkina Faso

Life expectancy at birth

all 54 years
Male: 51.04 years
Female: 54.91 years (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 1.6% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 130,000 (2007 est.)
Deaths: 9,200 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
Animal contact diseases: rabies (2009)

Nationality

Noun: Burkinabé (singular and plural)
Adjective: Burkinabé

Ethnic groups

Mossi - over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Fulani, Mandé, European

Religions

Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 30%, Indigenous beliefs 20%

Languages

Further information: Languages of Burkina Faso
French (official), native African languages (spoken by 90% of the population) including: More, Dioula, Gurma, Senufo

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 21.8%
Male: 29.4%
Female: 15.2% (2003 est.)

Education expenditure

4.2% of GDP (2006)

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2009 edition".

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