CASA C-212 Aviocar

C-212 Aviocar
Former CASA C-212 of the Swedish Coast Guard
Role Medium STOL transport aircraft
Manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
EADS CASA
PT Dirgantara Indonesia
First flight 26 March 1971
Introduction May 1974
Status In production
Primary users Spanish Air Force
Indonesian Armed Forces
Portuguese Air Force
Produced 1971–present
Number built 478 (CASA) + >100 (IPTN)


The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium transport aircraft designed and built in Spain for civil and military use. C-212s are also produced under licence in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, formerly called IPTN but now known as IAe. The design was initially marketed under the name of Aviocar, but EADS-CASA no longer uses that name in referring to the C-212.

A total of 478 C-212s of all variants had been delivered through the end of 2008 by EADS-CASA. EADS-CASA predicts that an additional 85 aircraft will be delivered in the 2007–2016 time period.[1] EADS-CASA currently builds only the C-212-400, which received Spanish certification in 1998. The C-212-200 is currently built in Indonesia, and IAe is also reportedly preparing to begin assembly of −400 models.

Design and development

During the late 1960s, the Spanish Air Force was still operating the already outdated three-engined Junkers Ju 52 and two-engined Douglas C-47, unpressurized and non-turbocharged piston-powered aircraft. CASA developed the C-212 as a more modern alternative using the lighter and more reliable turboprop engine, with the first prototype flying on 26 March 1971. In 1974, the Spanish Air Force decided to acquire the Aviocar to update its fleet.

Airlines took note of the type's success with the military, so CASA developed a commercial version, the first examples of which were delivered in July 1975. In August 2006 a total of 30 CASA C-212 aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service around the world.[2]

The C-212 has a high-mounted wing, a boxy fuselage, and a conventional tail. The tricycle undercarriage is non-retractable. It has space for 21–28 passengers depending on configuration. Since the C-212 does not have a pressurized fuselage, it is limited to relatively low-flight-level airline usage (below 10,000 ft (3,000 m) MSL). It is thus ideal for short legs and regional airline service.

Variants

Series 100

Electronic counter measures equipped C-212-200 of the Portuguese Air Force (late 1980s)
Lloyd Aviation C-212 at Perth Airport (early 1990s).
C-212A
Original military production version. Also known as C-212-5, C-212-5 series 100M, and by the Spanish Air Force as the T-12B and D-3A (for medevac aircraft), 129 built.
C-212AV
VIP transport version, T-12C.
C-212B
Six pre-production C-212As converted for photo-reconnaissance missions, TR-12A.
C-212C
Original civil version
C-212D
Two pre-production C-212As converted for use as navigational trainers, TE-12B.
NC-212-100
Manufactured under licence in Indonesia since 1976, IPTN producing 28 NC-212-100s before switching to NC-212-200.

Series 200

CASA C-212-200 of Northwest Airlink operating a scheduled flight at Flint, Michigan, in April 1986
Skytraders ski-equipped CASA 212–400, used by the Australian Antarctic Division

Stretched version with updated engines (Honeywell TPE331-10R-511C or −512C, rated at 900 shp (671 kW) each), introduced in 1979. The CASA C-212-200 is also a popular skydiving aircraft, known for its large capacity, fast climb, and large tailgate exit ramp.

C-212 series 200M
Military version known as T-12D in Spanish service and Tp 89 for the Swedish Air Force. Specialised ASW and maritime patrol aircraft have been built from this version.
NC-212-200
C-212-200 built under licence by IPTN.
NC-212-200 MPA 
C-212-200 built under licence by IPTN, Designed as Maritime Patrol Aircraft

Series 300

Standard production version from 1987 on. Engines were Honeywell TPE331-10R-513C, also rated at 900 shp (670 kW) continuous (925 shp maximum). The propellers were changed from four-bladed Hartzell composite blade propellers to four-bladed Dowty-Rotol all-metal propellers. Winglets and a larger vertical stabilizer area provide improved performance, and the addition of a nose baggage compartment gives the nose a more streamlined look than the Series 200. Various systems have been incrementally upgraded, including the addition of an integrated autopilot system.

C-212-M series 300 (Series 300M)
Military version.
C-212 series 300 airliner
26 seat regional airliner.
C-212 series 300 utility
23 seat civil utility version.
C-212 series 300P
Civil utility version with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65 engines

Series 400

Upgraded version with 925 shp (690 kW) TPE331-12JR-701C engines, increased payload and upgraded avionics moved from under the floor to the nose. First flew 4 April 1997, replacing Series 300 in production from 1998.[3]

Operators

Civil operators

Skydivers waiting to exit a CASA C-212 in June 2011
 Australia
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Indonesia
 United States

Military operators

CASA C-212 military operators
Blackwater Worldwide C-212 over Afghanistan
CASA C-212-400 in Vietnam Marine Police
USAF C-41A (C-212-200)
CASA CN 212-200 used for parachuting by the SkyHawks Parachute Team

 Abu Dhabi
  • Abu Dhabi Air Force – four delivered 1982[4]
 Angola
 Argentina
 Australia
 Bolivia
 Bophuthatswana
 Botswana
 Chad
 Chile
 Colombia
 Dominican Republic
 Djibouti
 Ecuador
 Equatorial Guinea
 France
 Indonesia
 Jordan
  • Royal Jordanian Air Force – four delivered 1975–1976,[4] with two attrition replacement aircraft delivered 1983–84 and a further, surveillance-configured example purchased in 1985.[22] One operational 2015.[23]
 Lesotho

 Mexico
 Malta
 Nicaragua
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Philippines
 Portugal
 South Africa
 Spain
 Suriname
 Sweden
 Thailand
 Transkei
  • Transkei Defence Force – two delivered 1986[4] to South African Air Force.
 United States
 Uruguay
 Venda
  • Venda Defence Force[37] to South African Air Force.
 Venezuela
 Vietnam
 Zimbabwe

Incidents and accidents

As of September 2011, CASA C-212s have been involved in 71 hull-loss incidents with a total of 558 fatalities.[43][44]

Specifications (Series 300)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[72]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

Notes
  1. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 29 October 2007 issue, p. 66.
  2. Flight International, 3–9 October 2006.
  3. Jackson 2003, p. 445.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Eastwood 1990, pp. 85–94.
  5. BH Airlines at rzjets.net, retrieved 13-12-2014
  6. "CASA 212-200 Aircraft Found." Vivanews, 30 September 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  7. "registry.faa.gov." "FAA," Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  8. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  9. Prince, Erik. Civilian Warriors. pp. Chapter 7.
  10. 1 2 Hoyle 2015, p. 32.
  11. "Army paratroopers dropped in path of Virgin Australia jet near Sydney – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2011-11-05. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
  12. "Bandeirante". ADF Serials. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
  13. Hoyle 2012, p. 46.
  14. 1 2 Hoyle 2015, p. 34.
  15. Hoyle 2015, p. 35.
  16. Hoyle 2012, p. 48.
  17. Ejército da de baja tres Casa 212 por altos costos de mantención – La Tercera, 11 November 2012
  18. 1 2 3 4 Hoyle 2015, p. 36.
  19. 1 2 Barrie and Pite 1994, p. 39.
  20. Hoyle 2015, p. 37.
  21. 1 2 3 Hoyle 2015, p. 39 .
  22. Jackson 1987, p. 220.
  23. Hoyle 2015, p. 41.
  24. Hoyle 2015, p. 42.
  25. Hoyle 2015, p. 43.
  26. Hoyle 2010, p. 42.
  27. Hoyle 2015, p. 45.
  28. Hoyle 2012, p. 57.
  29. Feby Dwi Sutianto – detikfinance. "Tutup Tahun, PTDI Jual 2 Pesawat Made in Bandung ke Militer Filipina". Finance.detik.com. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  30. Hoyle 2015, p. 47.
  31. Hoyle 2015, p. 48.
  32. "Venezolaanse deskundigen inspecteren vliegtuigen Luchtmacht". Starnieuws. 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
  33. Hoyle 2015, p. 50.
  34. Hoyle 2015, p. 51.
  35. "DOD 4120.15-L – Addendum." designation-systems.net, 26 February 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  36. 1 2 Hoyle 2015, p. 52.
  37. Flight International 24–30 November 1993, p. 76.
  38. 1 2 Hoyle 2015, p. 53.
  39. Vietnamese build-up a response to China
  40. MSS 6000 For Vietnam
  41. "Slow advance for Viet army revamp." straitstimes.com.Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  42. Vietnam Takes Delivery of Third C212-400
  43. "Accident statistics for CASA C-212." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  44. "List of incidents." Aviation Safety Network Database. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  45. "ASN Aircraft accident CASA C-212 Aviocar 200 C-GILU Reykjavík Domestic Airport (RKV)". Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
  46. "ASN Aircraft accident CASA C-212 Aviocar 200 N296CA Patuxent River Naval Air Station, MD." Aviation safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  47. "Accident description, Date: 7 June 1992, Type: CASA C-212 Aviocar 200." Aviation safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  48. Vinuesa, Arturo. El conflicto de los Balcanes y la seguridad común europea (Spanish). Editorial Fundamentos, 2002, p. 190. ISBN 84-245-0927-7
  49. Destacamento C-212 en Vicenza / 1993–2002 (Spanish)
  50. "Ala 37" (Spanish) ejercitodelaire.mde.es. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  51. "The Flight and Crash of "Blackwater 61." CBS News 60 Minutes. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  52. "Blackwater 61 – Cockpit Voice Recording aviation.military. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  53. "United States District Court Middle District of Florida Division Case No. 6:05-cv-1002-ORL-28-JGG." Sourcewatch.
  54. Anderson, Rick. "Welcome Aboard Blackwater Airlines." Seattle Weekly News, 14 November 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  55. "Press release." Swedish Coast Guard. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  56. "Accident description, October 26, 2006." Aviation Safety Network Database. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  57. "Four dead after coastguard plane crash." The Local, 26 October 2006.
  58. "Statens Haverikommission." Swedish Accident Investigation Board. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  59. 1 2 "SEMAR aircraft crashed in Mexican Gulf" (Spanish). SEMAR. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  60. "Plane goes missing over Indonesia." BBC, 27 June 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  61. "Recent accidents." Planecrashinfo. Retrieved: 10 October 2009.
  62. "UN plane crash kills 11 in Haiti." BBC News Online, 9 October 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  63. Cameroun : un avion porté disparu avec 11 personnes dont deux Français
  64. McCullough, James. "Mining magnate Ken Talbot feared dead in plane crash over Congo." couriermail.com.au, 20 June 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  65. "Sundance Plane Wreckage Found in Congo; No Survivors (Update2)." bloomberg.com. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  66. "Crash: Sabang Merauke Raya C212 near Batam on 12 February 2011, lost height enroute." avherald.com.Retrieved: 21 April 2012.
  67. Grummett, Danny and David Giles. "Ontario man dead as investigators sift through the wreckage of fatal Saskatoon plane crash.", archived from the original on 5 April 2011, Global TV, Saskatoon (Shaw Media), 4 April 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  68. "Chile air force plane carrying 21 aboard crashes." cbsnews.com, 2 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  69. Hradecky, Simon. "Crash: Buana C212 near Kutacane on Sep 29th 2011, wreckage found, no survivors." avherald.com, 1 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  70. "Pesawat dengan 14 penumpang jurusan Medan-Kutacane hilang," BBC, 29 December 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  71. "SAR Dekati Titik Jatuhnya Cassa NBA, Nasib Penumpang Belum Jelas." metrotvnews.com, 1 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  72. Taylor 1988, pp. 205–206.
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