Emperor KÅkÅ
| KÅkÅ | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Japan | |
 | |
| Reign | 884–887 |
| Coronation | 884 |
| Predecessor | YÅzei |
| Successor | Uda |
| Born |
830 Heian KyÅ (KyÅto) |
| Died |
887 Heian KyÅ (KyÅto) |
| Burial | Nochi no Tamura n misasagi (Kyoto) |
| Father | NimmyÅ |
| Mother | Fujiwara no Takushi/Sawako |
Emperor KÅkÅ (å…‰å天皇 KÅkÅ-tennÅ, 830 – August 26, 887) was the 58th emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]
KÅkÅ reigned from 884 to 887.[3]
Traditional narrative
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)[4] was Tokiyatsu (時康親王)[5] or Komatsu-tei.[6] He would later be identified sometimes as "the Emperor of Komatsu."[7] This resulted in the later Emperor Go-Komatsu adopting this name (go- meaning "later", so "Later Emperor Komatsu" or "Emperor Komatsu II").
Tokiyatsu ShinnÅ was the third son of Emperor NimmyÅ. His mother was Fujiwara no Sawako.[8]
KÅkÅ had four Imperial consorts and 41 Imperial sons and daughters.[7]
Events of KÅkÅ's life
The first kampaku Fujiwara no Mototsune was influential in the process by KÅkÅ became emperor. At the time Emperor YÅzei was deposed, Prince Tokiaytsu was already Governor of Hitachi and Chief Minister of Ceremonies (Jibu-kyÅ, 治部å¿)[9]
According to Kitabatake Chikafusa's 14th-century account, Mototsune resolved the problem of succession by simply going to visit Tokiyatsu-shinnÅ, where the kampaku addressed the prince as a sovereign and assigned imperial guards. The prince signaled his acceptance by going into the imperial palaquin, which then conducted him to the emperor's residence within the palace. Curiously, he was still wearing the robes of a prince when he decided to take this ride into an entirely unanticipated future.[10]
- February 4, 884 (GangyÅ 8, 4th day of the 1st month): In the 8th year of Emperor YÅzei's reign (陽æˆå¤©çš‡å…«å¹´), the emperor was deposed; and scholars then construed that the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by the third son of former Emperor NinmyÅ, who was then age 55.[11]
- March 23, 884 (GangyÅ 8, 23rd day of the 2nd month'): Emperor KÅkÅ is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[12]
- 885 (GangyÅ 9): The era name was changed accordingly in 885.[10]
During his reign, KÅkÅ revived many ancient court rituals and ceremonies, and one example is the imperial hawking excursion to Serikawa, which had been initiated in 796 by Emperor Kammu. This ritual event was revived by KÅkÅ after a lapse of 50 years.[10]
- January 11, 886 (Ninna 2, 14th day of the 12th month): KÅkÅ traveled to Seri-gawa to hunt with falcons. He very much enjoyed this kind of hunting, and he often took time for this kind of activity.[13]
- September 17, 887 (Ninna 3, 26th day of the 8th month ) ä»å’Œä¸‰å¹´å…«æœˆäºŒåå…æ—¥ -->: KÅkÅ died at the age of 57.[14]
The actual site of KÅkÅ's grave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as KÅkÅ's mausoleum. It is formally named Kaguragaoka no Higashi no misasagi.[15]
KugyÅ
KugyÅ (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.[16]
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During KÅkÅ's reign, this apex of the DaijÅ-kan included:
- Kampaku, Fujiwara no Mototsune (藤原基経) (ShÅsen-kÅ, æ˜å®£å…¬), 836–891.[7]
- DaijÅ-daijin, Fujiwara no Mototsune.[7]
- Sadaijin, Minamoto no TÅru (æºèž).
- Udaijin, Minamoto no Masaru (æºå¤š).
- Naidaijin (not appointed)
- Dainagon, Fujiwara no Yoshiyo (藤原良世)
- Dainagon, Fujiwara no Fuyuo (藤原冬緒)
Eras of KÅkÅ's reign
The years of KÅkÅ's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengÅ.[17]
Consorts and children
KÅtaigÅ: Princess Hanshi (çå女王) (833–900), daughter of Imperial Prince Nakano (son of Emperor Kammu)
- Imperial Prince Koretada (æ˜¯å¿ è¦ªçŽ‹) (857–922)
- Imperial Prince Koresada (是貞親王) (?–903)
- Minamoto no Motonaga (æºå…ƒé•·) (?–883), dead before Emperor KÅkÅ's succession
- Imperial Prince Sadami (定çœè¦ªçŽ‹) (867–931) (Emperor Uda)
- Imperial Princess Tadako (å¿ å内親王) (854–904), married to Emperor Seiwa
- Imperial Princess Kanshi (ç°¡å内親王) (?–914), married to Emperor YÅzei
- Imperial Princess Yasuko (ç¶å内親王) (?–925), married to Emperor YÅzei
- Imperial Princess Ishi (為å内親王) (?–899), married to Emperor Daigo
NyÅgo: Fujiwara no Kamiko (藤原佳美å) (?–898), daughter of Fujiwara no Mototsune (藤原基経)
NyÅgo: Taira no Motoko/TÅshi (å¹³ç‰å), daughter of Taira no Yoshikaze (平好風)
NyÅgo: Fujiwara no Motoyoshi (藤原元善), daughter of Fujiwara no Yamakage (藤原山è”)
Koui: Shigeno no Naoiko (滋野直å)
- Imperial Princess Shigeko (ç¹å内親王) (?–916), 23rd Saio in Ise Shrine 884–887
Koui: A daughter of Sanuki no Naganao (讃å²æ°¸ç›´ã®å¨˜)
- Minamoto no Motomi (æºæ—§é‘’) (?–908)
Koui: A daughter of Fujiwara no Kadomune (藤原門宗ã®å¨˜)
- Minamoto no Koreshige (æºæ˜¯èŒ‚) (886–941)
Court lady: Princess Keishin (桂心女王), daughter of Prince Masami (æ£èº¬çŽ‹)
- Imperial Princess Bokushi (穆å内親王) (?–903), 8th Saiin in Kamo Shrine 882–887
Court lady: Sugawara no Ruishi (è…原類å), daughter of Sugawara no Koreyoshi (è…原是善)
- Minamoto no Junshi (æºé †å) (875–925), married to Fujiwara no Tadahira (è—¤åŽŸå¿ å¹³)
Court lady: A daughter of Tajihi clan (多治æ°ã®å¨˜)
- Minamoto no Kanshi/Ayako (æºç·©å/綾å)　(?–908)
Court lady: A daughter of Fuse clan (布勢æ°ã®å¨˜)
- Shigemizu no Kiyozane (滋水清実), given the family name 'Shigemizu' by the Emperor (Shisei KÅka, 賜姓é™ä¸‹) in 886
(from unknown women)
- Minamoto no Washi (æºå’Œå) (?–947), married to Emperor Daigo
- Minamoto no Reishi (æºéº—å) (?–?)
- Minamoto no Onshi/Kusuko (æºéŸ³å/奇å) (?–919)
- Minamoto no Takaiko (æºå´‡å) (?–?)
- Minamoto no Renshi/Tsurako (æºé€£å) (?–905)
- Minamoto no Reishi (æºç¤¼å) (?–909)
- Minamoto no Saishi (æºæœ€å) (?–886)
- Minamoto no Kaishi (æºå•å) (?–?)
- Minamoto no Mokushi (æºé»™å) (?–902)
- Minamoto no Heishi (æºä¸¦å) (?–906)
- Minamoto no Kenshi (æºè¬™å) (?–924)
- Minamoto no Shinshi (æºæ·±å) (?–917)
- Minamoto no ShÅ«shi (æºå‘¨å) (?–912)
- Minamoto no Mitsuko (æºå¯†å) (?–?)
- Minamoto no Kaishi (æºå¿«å) (?–910)
- Minamoto no Zenshi (æºå–„å) (?–?)
Poetry
Emperor KÅkÅ is well-remembered for his poetry, and one of his waka appeared in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (no. 15):
| å›ãŒãŸã‚ | kimi ga tame | |
| 春ã®é‡Žã«ã„ã§ã¦ | haru no no ni idete | |
| è‹¥èœã¤ã‚€ | wakana tsumu | |
| ã‚ãŒè¡£æ‰‹ã« | waga koromode ni | |
| 雪ã¯ãµã‚Šã¤ã¤ | yuki wa furitsutsu |
Notes
- 1 2 Imperial Household Agency (KunaichÅ): å…‰å天皇 (58)
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 67.
- ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 124-125; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). GukanshÅ, pp. 289; Varley, H. Paul, ed. (1980). JinÅ ShÅtÅki, pp. 171–175.
- ↑ Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 124; Varley, p. 171.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 8.
- 1 2 3 4 Brown, p. 289.
- ↑ Brown, p. 289; Varley, p. 171.
- ↑ Varley, p. 172; Titsingh, p. 429.
- 1 2 3 Varley, p. 172.
- ↑ Brown, p. 289; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except JitÅ, YÅzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 124; Varley, p. 44.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 125.
- ↑ Brown, p. 289; Varley, p.173.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
- ↑ Furugosho:KugyÅ of KÅkÅ-tennÅ
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 124.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and IchirÅ Ishida, eds. (1979). GukanshÅ: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). JinnÅ ShÅtÅki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
See also
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Emperor YÅzei |
Emperor of Japan: KÅkÅ 884–887 |
Succeeded by Emperor Uda |
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