Demographics of Slovakia

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Slovakia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

Population of Slovakia, Data of FAO, year 2009 ; Number of inhabitants in millions.

Total population: 5,397,036

Population censuses in 1848-2011

census date	population	population density (per km^2)
31-12-1848	2,442,000^1	50
31-12-1869	2,481,811	51
31-12-1880	2,477,521	51
31-12-1890	2,595,180	53
31-12-1900	2,782,925	57
31-12-1910	2,916,657	60
15-2-1921	2,993,859	61
1-12-1930	3,324,111	68
4-10-1946	3,327,803	68
1-3-1950	3,442,317	70
1-3-1961	4,174,046	85
1-12-1970	4,537,290	93
1-11-1980	4,991,168	102
3-3-1991	5,274,335	108
26-5-2001	5,379,455	110
21-5-2011	5,397,036	110
^1 Estimate

Age structure

0–14 years: 15.6% (male 437,755; female 417,797)
15–64 years: 71.6% (male 1,955,031; female 1,965,554)
65 years and over: 12.8% (male 262,363; female 438,538 (2011 est)

Median age

total: 38 years,male: 36.5 years, female: 39.5 years (2012 est)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Immigration

Foreign population of Slovakia in 2010.

Immigration to Slovakia is one of the lowest in the European Union. This is because the immigration policy of Slovakia is one of the strictest in Europe. In Slovakia, there are about 63,000 foreigners and majority of them are not immigrants. They are rather foreign students, or traders etc.

Vital statistics

Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014)

1.5 - 1.7   1.4 - 1.5   1.3 - 1.4   < 1.3

Births and deaths since 1919 ^[1][2]

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates	Induced abortions
1919	2 940	91 729	56 866	34 863	31.2	19.3	11.9
1920	3 001	97 680	61 084	36 596	32.6	20.4	12.2
1921	3 006	114 947	63 507	51 440	38.2	21.1	17.1
1922	3 046	111 059	62 902	48 157	36.5	20.7	15.8
1923	3 095	111 070	54 176	56 894	35.9	17.5	18.4
1924	3 135	106 062	56 322	49 740	33.8	18.0	15.9
1925	3 168	102 867	56 171	46 696	32.5	17.7	14.7
1926	3 202	103 955	59 701	44 254	32.5	18.6	13.8
1927	3 232	99 891	59 172	40 719	30.9	18.3	12.6
1928	3 258	99 673	58 320	41 353	30.6	17.9	12.7
1929	3 286	95 387	56 447	38 940	29.0	17.2	11.9
1930	3 315	96 898	52 268	44 630	29.2	15.8	13.5
1931	3 350	93 309	54 273	39 036	27.9	16.2	11.7
1932	3 388	93 140	52 992	40 148	27.5	15.6	11.9
1933	3 424	84 975	50 655	34 320	24.8	14.8	10.0
1934	3 456	83 493	50 178	33 315	24.2	14.5	9.6
1935	3 486	82 382	49 830	32 552	23.6	14.3	9.3
1936	3 515	80 923	48 547	32 376	23.0	13.8	9.2
1937	3 540	79 862	49 527	30 335	22.6	14.0	8.6
1938	3 726	80 800	49 700	31 100	21.7	13.3	8.3
1939	3 577	81 200	48 800	32 400	22.7	13.6	9.1
1940	3 553	85 300	52 900	32 400	24.0	14.9	9.1
1941	3 542	85 700	53 600	32 100	24.2	15.1	9.1
1942	3 523	87 200	55 900	31 300	24.8	15.9	8.9
1943	3 503	87 700	50 900	36 800	25.0	14.5	10.5
1944	3 484	91 600	58 100	33 500	26.3	16.7	9.6
1945	3 459	81 880	67 505	14 375	23.7	19.5	4.2
1946	3 392	82 204	47 589	34 615	24.2	14.0	10.2
1947	3 399	87 659	41 491	46 168	25.8	12.2	13.6
1948	3 446	91 189	40 873	50 316	26.5	11.9	14.6
1949	3 447	91 053	41 727	49 326	26.4	12.1	14.3
1950	3 463	99 721	39 668	60 053	28.8	11.5	17.4	3.56
1951	3 509	100 663	40 505	60 158	28.5	11.5	17.0	3.58
1952	3 558	100 824	36 897	63 927	28.0	10.2	17.7	3.57
1953	3 599	99 124	35 598	63 526	26.9	9.7	17.3	3.50
1954	3 661	98 310	34 866	63 444	26.2	9.3	16.9	3.45
1955	3 727	99 305	32 917	66 388	26.0	8.6	17.4	3.47
1956	3 787	99 467	32 815	66 652	25.5	8.4	17.1	3.46
1957	3 844	97 311	35 755	61 556	24.5	9.0	15.5	3.34
1958	3 900	93 272	32 106	61 166	23.1	7.9	15.1	3.25	12 383
1959	3 946	87 991	34 077	53 914	21.5	8.3	13.1	3.07	17 217
1960	3 994	88 412	31 609	56 803	22.1	7.9	14.2	3.08	20 738
1961	4 182	87 359	31 403	55 956	21.6	7.8	13.8	3.04	24 244
1962	4 238	83 899	34 398	49 501	19.8	8.1	11.7	2.84	23 784
1963	4 282	87 158	32 978	54 180	20.4	7.7	12.7	2.95	19 076
1964	4 327	86 878	32 875	54 003	20.1	7.6	12.5	2.91	19 174
1965	4 371	84 257	35 910	48 347	19.3	8.2	11.1	2.80	21 037
1966	4 412	81 453	36 357	45 096	18.5	8.2	10.2	2.68	24 445
1967	4 449	77 537	35 458	42 079	17.4	8.0	9.5	2.50	26 571
1968	4 484	76 370	38 076	38 294	17.0	8.5	8.5	2.40	27 398
1969	4 519	79 769	40 623	39 146	17.7	9.0	8.7	2.43	28 534
1970	4 550	80 666	42 240	38 426	17.7	9.3	8.4	2.40	27 873
1971	4 557	83 062	42 856	40 206	18.2	9.4	8.8	2.42	28 619
1972	4 597	87 794	41 410	46 384	19.1	9.0	10.1	2.49	26 213
1973	4 641	92 953	43 759	49 194	20.0	9.4	10.6	2.56	25 335
1974	4 690	97 585	44 934	52 651	20.8	9.6	11.2	2.60	26 086
1975	4 739	97 649	45 248	52 401	20.6	9.5	11.1	2.53	26 160
1976	4 790	99 814	45 420	54 394	20.8	9.5	11.4	2.52	27 700
1977	4 841	99 533	47 181	52 352	20.6	9.7	10.8	2.47	27 875
1978	4 890	100 193	47 778	52 415	20.5	9.8	10.7	2.45	28 641
1979	4 939	100 240	47 837	52 403	20.3	9.7	10.6	2.44	29 981
1980	4 984	95 100	50 579	44 521	19.1	10.1	8.9	2.31	31 240
1981	5 016	93 290	49 632	43 658	18.6	9.9	8.7	2.28	31 943
1982	5 055	92 618	50 393	42 225	18.3	10.0	8.4	2.26	33 107
1983	5 092	92 053	52 433	39 620	18.1	10.3	7.8	2.27	33 625
1984	5 127	90 843	51 739	39 104	17.7	10.1	7.6	2.25	34 268
1985	5 162	90 155	52 464	37 691	17.5	10.2	7.3	2.26	36 283
1986	5 193	87 138	53 233	33 905	16.8	10.3	6.5	2.20	40 624
1987	5 224	84 006	52 980	31 026	16.1	10.1	5.9	2.18	49 690
1988	5 251	83 242	52 475	30 767	15.9	10.0	5.9	2.15	51 000
1989	5 276	80 116	53 902	26 214	15.2	10.2	5.0	2.08	48 602
1990	5 298	79 989	54 619	25 370	15.1	10.3	4.8	2.08	48 437
1991	5 283	78 569	54 618	23 951	14.9	10.3	4.5	2.05	45 902
1992	5 307	74 640	53 423	21 217	14.1	10.1	4.0	1.99	42 626
1993	5 325	73 256	52 707	20 549	13.8	9.9	3.9	1.93	38 815
1994	5 347	66 370	51 386	14 984	12.4	9.6	2.8	1.67	34 883
1995	5 364	61 427	52 686	8 741	11.5	9.8	1.6	1.52	29 409
1996	5 374	60 123	51 236	8 887	11.2	9.5	1.7	1.47	25 173
1997	5 383	59 310	52 080	7 230	11.0	9.7	1.3	1.43	22 318
1998	5 391	57 582	53 156	4 426	10.7	9.9	0.8	1.37	21 109
1999	5 396	56 223	52 402	3 821	10.4	9.7	0.7	1.33	19 949
2000	5 401	55 151	52 724	2 427	10.2	9.8	0.4	1.29	18 468
2001	5 379	51 136	51 980	-844	9.5	9.7	-0.2	1.20	18 026
2002	5 379	50 841	51 532	-691	9.5	9.6	-0.1	1.19	17 382
2003	5 379	51 713	52 230	-517	9.6	9.7	-0.1	1.20	16 222
2004	5 383	53 747	51 852	1 895	10.0	9.6	0.4	1.24	15 307
2005	5 387	54 430	53 475	955	10.1	9.9	0.2	1.25	14 427
2006	5 391	53 904	53 301	603	10.0	9.9	0.1	1.24	14 243
2007	5 398	54 424	53 856	568	10.1	10.0	0.1	1.26	13 424
2008	5 407	57 360	53 164	4 196	10.6	9.8	0.8	1.32	13 394
2009	5 418	61 217	52 913	8 304	11.3	9.8	1.5	1.41	13 240
2010	5 431	60 410	53 445	6 965	11.1	9.8	1.3	1.40	12 582
2011	5 398	60 813	51 903	8 910	11.3	9.6	1.7	1.45	11 789
2012	5 408	55 535	52 437	3 098	10.3	9.7	0.6	1.34	11 214
2013	5 416	54 823	52 089	2 734	10.1	9.6	0.5	1.34	11 105
2014	5 421	55 033	51 346	3 687	10.2	9.5	0.7	1.37	10 582
2015	5 425	55 604	53 826	1 778	10.2	9.9	0.3	1.40	10 058

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 76.03 years
male: 72.14 years
female: 80.12 years (2012 est.)

Ethnic groups

Ethnic composition of territory of Slovakia in 1880

Ethnic structure of Slovakia according Census 2011

The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (80.7%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (8.5%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (2.0%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Serbs^[3] and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).

While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.

Population of Slovakia according to ethnic group 1950–2011 ^[4][5]

Ethnic group	census 1950		census 1961		census 1970		census 1980		census 1991		census 2001		census 2011
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Slovaks		86.6		85.3		85.5	4,317,008	86.5	4,519,328	85.7	4,614,854	85.8	4,352,775	80.7
Hungarians		10.3		12.4		12.2	559,490	11.2	567,296	10.8	520,528	9.7	458,467	8.5
Romani^1		-		-		-	-	-	75,802	1.4	89,920	1.7	105,738	2.0
Czechs		1.2		1.1		1.0	57,197	1.1	59,326	1.1	44,620	0.8	30,367	0.6
Rusyns		1.4		-		0.9	36,850	0.7	17,197	0.3	24,201	0.4	33,482	0.6
Ukrainians									13,281	0.3	10,814	0.2	7,430	0.1
Others/undeclared		0.5		1.2		0.4	20,623	0.4	22,105	0.4	74,518	1.4	408,777	7.5
Total	3,442,317		4,174,046		4,537,290		4,991,168		5,274,335		5,379,455		5,397,036
^1 Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group

The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.

Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.

Religion

The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The majority of Slovak citizens (62%) practice Roman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (13%). About 6.9% are Protestants, Greek catholic 4.1%, and 0.9% are Orthodox. Reformed Christian Church 2.0%, other 6.4% (2004 survey). There are 10,600 Muslims in Slovakia.

See also

• Roma in Slovakia

References

1. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
3. http://www.contemporaryrelations.eu/1239/serbs-in-slovakia-granted-minority-status/
5. Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality.

External links

• Statistics Office of The Slovak Republic