Froment's sign

Deep palmar nerves.

Froment's sign is a special test of the wrist. It tests for palsy of the ulnar nerve, specifically, the action of adductor pollicis. ^[1] Froment sign can also refer to cogwheel effect seen in essential tremor.

Process of examination

To perform the test, a patient is asked to hold an object, usually a flat object such as a piece of paper, between their thumb and index finger (pinch grip). The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands.^[2]

A normal individual will be able to maintain a hold on the object without difficulty.
However, with ulnar nerve palsy, the patient will experience difficulty maintaining a hold and will compensate by flexing the FPL (flexor pollicis longus) of the thumb to maintain grip pressure causing a pinching effect.^[3]
Clinically, this compensation manifests as flexion of the IP joint of the thumb (rather than adduction, as would occur with correct use of the adductor pollicis).
The compensation of the affected hand results in a weak pinch grip with the tips of the thumb and index finger, therefore, with the thumb in obvious flexion.^[4]
Note that the FPL is normally innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve.
Anterior interosseous branch comes off more proximally than the wrist, in evaluating lacerations near the wrist.
Simultaneous hyperextension of the thumb MCP joint is indicative of ulnar nerve compromise. This is also known as Jeanne's Sign.^[5]

Eponym

It is named for Jules Froment.^[6]^[7]

References

↑ "Ulnar Nerve - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
↑ Jeff G. Konin et al. Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination: Third Edition. Thorofare, NJ. SLACK Incorporated, 2006.
↑ Richardson, Craig and Fabre, Gerd. '"Froment's Sign." Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine. Vol. 26, No. 1 (2003):34.
↑ Richardson, Craig and Fabre, Gerd. '"Froment's Sign." Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine. Vol. 26, No. 1 (2003):34.
↑ Jeff G. Konin et al. Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination: Third Edition. Thorofare, NJ. SLACK Incorporated, 2006.
↑ synd/1970 at Who Named It?
↑ Froment, J. (1915). "La préhension dans les paralysies du nerf cubital et le signe du pouce". La presse médicale (Paris) 23: 409.

Eponymous medical signs for nervous system

CNS

Head, general	Battle's sign Broca aphasia Kernig's sign Macewen's sign Myerson's sign Stroop test Wada test Dix-Hallpike test Hirano body

Multiple sclerosis	Dawson's fingers Lhermitte's sign Charcot's neurologic triad Uhthoff's phenomenon

Other	Romberg's test increased intracranial pressure Cushing's triad Miller Fisher test

PNS

Reflexes of extremities/
corticospinal tract

Combination	Jendrassik maneuver

Lower limb	Babinski sign Chaddock reflex Oppenheim's sign Westphal's sign

Upper limb	Hoffmann's sign

Other torso/limbs

Upper limb	Froment's sign carpal tunnel syndrome Tinel sign Phalen maneuver

Lower limb	Abadie's sign of tabes dorsalis Gowers' sign Hoover's sign Lasègue's sign Trendelenburg's sign

Torso	Beevor's sign

General	Todd's paresis Jolly's test

Nervous system pathology, PNS, somatic (G50–G64, 350–357)

Nerve, nerve root, plexus

Cranial nerve
disease

Radiculopathy,
plexopathy

Mono-
neuropathy

Upper limb

median nerve:	Carpal tunnel syndrome Ape hand deformity

ulnar nerve:	Ulnar nerve entrapment Froment's sign Guyon's canal syndrome Ulnar claw

radial nerve:	Radial neuropathy Wrist drop Cheiralgia paresthetica

long thoracic nerve:	Winged scapula Backpack palsy

Lower limb

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh:	Meralgia paraesthetica

tibial nerve:	Tarsal tunnel syndrome

plantar nerve:	Morton's neuroma

superior gluteal nerve:	Trendelenburg's sign

sciatic nerve:	Piriformis syndrome

General

Polyneuropathies/Polyradiculoneuropathy

HMSN	Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Dejerine–Sottas disease Refsum's disease Hereditary spastic paraplegia Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy Familial amyloid neuropathy

Autoimmune/demyelinating	Guillain–Barré syndrome Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Other	Alcoholic polyneuropathy

Orthopedic examination

General

Lower Limb

Hip examination	Galeazzi test Allis test Barlow maneuver Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign

Knee examination	Apley grind test Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test McMurray test Patella tap Pivot-shift test Wilson test Valgus stress test

Foot & Ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Simmonds' test Thompson test

Upper Limb

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Gerber's test Hawkins–Kennedy test Neer impingement sign O'Brien's test Speed's test Yergason's test

Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test

Wrist & Hand	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test

Spine

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