Google App Runtime for Chrome
Developer(s) | Google, others |
---|---|
Stable release | none yet |
Development status | beta/developer preview |
Written in | JavaScript, Java, C, C++ |
Operating system | Cross-platform: Chrome OS (official beta release), Microsoft Windows, Linux, OS X (community supported) |
Type | Sandbox and compatibility layer in web browsers for Android applications |
License | proprietary, New BSD license |
Website |
developer |
Android Runtime for Chrome (ARC) is a compatibility layer and sandboxing technology for running Android applications on desktop and laptop computers in an isolated environment. It allows safely running the applications from a web browser, independent of user operating system, allowing the Android applications to run at near-native speeds.
Overview
The Android Runtime for Chrome is a partially open-sourced project being developed by Google.[1] It has been announced by Sundar Pichai on Google I/O 2014 developer conference.[2] In a limited beta consumer release in September 2014,[3] Duolingo, Evernote, Sight Words, and Vine Android applications were made available in the Chrome Web Store for installation on Chromebook devices running OS version 37 or higher.[4]
As of January 2015, the development by Google is taking place behind closed doors with individual repository commits, code reviews and most issue tracking being kept internal to the company. The open sourced parts of ARC are licensed under a BSD-style license.
Development
In a limited beta consumer release in September 2014,[5] Duolingo, Evernote, Sight Words, and Vine Android applications were made available in the Chrome Web Store for installation on Chromebook devices running OS version 37 or higher.[6]
In October 2014, three more apps were added: CloudMagic, Onefootball, and Podcast Addict.[7]
In March 2015, Anandtech reported that VLC media player should be added in the coming months.[8]
On April 1, 2015, Google released ARC Welder, a Chrome Packaged App providing the ARC runtime and application packager.[9] It is intended to give Android developers a preview of the upcoming technology and a chance to test their Android apps on the Chrome platform.
Architecture
ARC builds upon the Google Native Client.[10] The Native Client platform is being extended with a POSIX-compatible layer on top of the NaCl Integrated Runtime and Pepper APIs[11] which emulate the Linux environment in the foundation of an Android phone. This then allows running an almost unchanged Dalvik VM in a sandboxed environment.
ARC uses the Chrome permission system, not the Android one.
Security
According to a security evaluation by Meng Xu, ARC apps may communicate with other installed Chrome Extensions and the files stored on the underlying operating system which might open avenues to various attacks.[12] These threats are mitigated by the heavily sandboxed environment of ARC.[13]
Community efforts
During the second half of 2014, before any developer tools or documentation was released by Google, several community efforts about ARC appeared.
Vlad Filippov maintains ARChon, an unofficial distribution of the ARC runtime which can be installed to non-chromebook computers.[14] The same developer also maintains a JavaScript (nodejs) tool to automate packaging Android apps for use with ARC.[15]
Other developers created more user-friendly tools beyond chromeos-apk to simplify packaging applications for the ARCon runtime. The first of them is a Chrome Packaged App called twerk[16] and the other is an Android application ARCon Packager[17] It used to be named Chrome APK Packager but the name was changed at Google's request.
Software
There is an active Reddit community[18] which maintains a list[19] of Android apps that work with the ARCon runtime. Vlad Filippov published a guide how to run Opera Mini inside Chromium browser.[20]
Reception
The reception has been mostly positive. Some developers expressed confusion about the wide scale of competing development platforms which Google now offers: Web apps, Chrome Packaged Apps and Android Apps delivered through ARC. Google responded that they are fully committed to all those platforms and encourage developers to choose the one that fits them best.[21]
See also
References
- ↑ "Getting Started with ARC Open Source on Linux". Google. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ↑ Google I/O 2014 - Keynote - YouTube
- ↑ Google Chrome Blog: First set of Android apps coming to a Chromebook near you
- ↑ "About App Runtime for Chrome (Beta)". Google. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ↑ Google Chrome Blog: First set of Android apps coming to a Chromebook near you
- ↑ "About App Runtime for Chrome (Beta)". Google. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ↑ http://www.omgchrome.com/three-android-apps-officially-available-chrome-os-including-podcast-addict
- ↑ http://www.anandtech.com/show/9082/the-chromebook-pixel-2015-review/5
- ↑ Rubin, Brian. "Google’s ARC Welder Gives You A Glimpse Of An Android-Anywhere Future". ReadWrite. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ↑ https://tc.gtisc.gatech.edu/bss/2014/l/proposals/meng.xu.pdf
- ↑ "Issue 690903002: Remove timing limitation of SetOption invocation for PPAPI sockets. (Closed)". Retrieved 25 January 2015.
I'm working on ARC (App Runtime for Chrome) project, which is to run android applications on Chrome, launched two months ago. In the project, we implement posix-layer on top of NaCl IRTs and PPAPIs.
- ↑ Meng Xu (10 December 2014). "Security Evaluation for ARC".
- ↑ https://tc.gtisc.gatech.edu/bss/2014/l/final/mengxu.pdf
- ↑ vladikoff / ARChon — Bitbucket
- ↑ vladikoff/chromeos-apk · GitHub<
- ↑ twerk - Chrome Web Store
- ↑ https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.bpear.archonpackager
- ↑ Chrome APKs
- ↑ Chrome APK Official Apps List - Google Sheets
- ↑ Dev.Opera — Opera Mini on your Chromebook for fun and bandwidth
- ↑ About App Runtime for Chrome (Beta) - Chromebook Help<
External links
- App Runtime for Chrome (Beta) extension on Google Web Market
- Arc Welder developer tool on Google Web Market
- Arc Git repository (ARC source code repository)
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