Haplogroup Q-M346

Haplogroup Q-M346
Possible place of origin Eurasia
Ancestor Q-MEH2[1]
Descendants Q-L54, Q-M323[1]
Defining mutations L56, L57, M346 [1]

Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.[2] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,[3] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,[4] Europe and the Americas.[5]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.[6][7][8][9]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Altaians Malyarchuk 2011 [6]23/89~25.8%M346
Khakassians Malyarchuk 2011 [6]4/64~6.3%M346
Todjins Malyarchuk 2011 [6]10/26~38.5%M346
Tuvinians Malyarchuk 2011 [6]41/108~38.0%M346
Sojots Malyarchuk 2011 [6]2/28~7.1%M346
Kalmyks Malyarchuk 2011 [6]1/60~1.7%M346
Halba Sengupta 2006 [2]1/21~4.76%M346
Makrani Sengupta 2006 [2]1/20~5.00%M346
Pathan Sengupta 2006 [2]2/21~5.00%M346
Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh) Sengupta 2006 [2]1/14~7.14%M346
Vellalar Sengupta 2006 [2]1/31~3.23%M346
Pakistan Abu-Amero 2009 [7]3/176~1.70%M346
Kazakhs (Southwest Altai)Dulik 2011 [8]1/30~3.33%M346
ChelkanDulik 2012 [9]15/25~60.00%M346
TubalarDulik 2012 [9]10/27~37.00%M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.[5][10]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Lengua Bailliet 2009 [5]7/24~29.20%M346
Ayoreo Bailliet 2009 [5]2/9~22.20%M346
Wichi Bailliet 2009 [5]1/120~0.80%M346
Mocovi Bailliet 2009 [5]2/40~5.00%M346
Mapuche Bailliet 2009 [5]1/26~3.80%M346
Salta Bailliet 2009 [5]3/72~4.80%M346
Cordoba Bailliet 2009 [5]1/156~0.60%M346
Huilliche Bailliet 2009 [5]1/26~3.80%M346
La Paz Bailliet 2009 [5]1/29~3.40%M346
Tarija Bailliet 2009 [5]4/72~5.50%M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.[1]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.[1]

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1[χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1 F2 F3 GHIJK
G HIJK
H IJK
IJ K
I J LT [χ 5]  K2
L T NO [χ 6] K2b [χ 7]   K2c K2d K2e [χ 8]
N O K2b1 [χ 9]    P
M S [χ 10] Q R
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  7. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similiar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  10. ↑ Haplogroup S (S-M230) was previously known as Haplogroup K5.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Krahn, Thomas. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". Family Tree DNA. Retrieved 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232. PMC 2258157. PMID 18021436.
  4. ↑ Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140 (3): 578–82. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133. PMID 19591214.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
  7. 1 2 K. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
  8. 1 2 Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred, ed. "Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions". PLoS ONE 6 (3): e17548. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548. PMC 3055870. PMID 21412412.
  9. 1 2 3 Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians". The American Journal of Human Genetics 90 (2): 229–46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014. PMC 3276666. PMID 22281367.
  10. ↑ Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans". American Journal of Human Biology 23 (4): 563–6. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173. PMID 21544893.

External links

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