ISO/IEC 27002

ISO/IEC 27002 is an information security standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), titled Information technology – Security techniques – Code of practice for information security management.

The ISO/IEC 27000-series standards are descended from a corporate security standard donated by Shell to a UK government initiative in the early 1990s[1] . The Shell standard was developed into British Standard BS 7799 in the mid-1990s, and was adopted as ISO/IEC 17799 in 2000. The ISO/IEC standard was revised in 2005, and renumbered ISO/IEC 27002 in 2007 to align with the other ISO/IEC 27000-series standards. It was revised again in 2013.

ISO/IEC 27002 provides best practice recommendations on information security management for use by those responsible for initiating, implementing or maintaining information security management systems (ISMS). Information security is defined within the standard in the context of the C-I-A triad:

the preservation of confidentiality (ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access), integrity (safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information and processing methods) and availability (ensuring that authorized users have access to information and associated assets when required).

Outline

Outline for ISO/IEC 27002:2013

The standard starts with 5 introductory chapters:
0. Introduction
1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. Structure of this standard

These are followed by 14 main chapters:

5. Information Security Policies
6. Organization of Information Security
7. Human Resource Security
8. Asset Management
9. Access Control
10. Cryptography
11. Physical and environmental security
12. Operation Security- procedures and responsibilities, Protection from malware, Backup, Logging and monitoring, Control of operational software, Technical vulnerability management and Information systems audit coordination
13. Communication security - Network security management and Information transfer
14. System acquisition, development and maintenance - Security requirements of information systems, Security in development and support processes and Test data
15. Supplier relationships - Information security in supplier relationships and Supplier service delivery management
16. Information security incident management - Management of information security incidents and improvements
17. Information security aspects of business continuity management - Information security continuity and Redundancies
18. Compliance - Compliance with legal and contractual requirements and Information security reviews

Within each chapter, information security controls and their objectives are specified and outlined. The information security controls are generally regarded as best practice means of achieving those objectives. For each of the controls, implementation guidance is provided.

Specific controls are not mandated since:

  1. Each organization is expected to undertake a structured information security risk assessment process to determine its specific requirements before selecting controls that are appropriate to its particular circumstances. The introduction section outlines a risk assessment process although there are more specific standards covering this area such as ISO/IEC 27005. The use of information security risk analysis to drive the selection and implementation of information security controls is an important feature of the ISO/IEC 27000-series standards: it means that the generic good practice advice in this standard gets tailored to the specific context of each user organization, rather than being applied by rote. Not all of the 39 control objectives are necessarily relevant to every organization for instance, hence entire categories of control may not be deemed necessary. The standards are also open ended in the sense that the information security controls are 'suggested', leaving the door open for users to adopt alternative controls if they wish, just so long as the key control objectives relating to the mitigation of information security risks, are satisfied. This helps keep the standard relevant despite the evolving nature of information security threats, vulnerabilities and impacts, and trends in the use of certain information security controls.
  2. It is practically impossible to list all conceivable controls in a general purpose standard. Industry-specific implementation guidelines for ISO/IEC 27001:2013 and ISO/IEC 27002 offer advice tailored to organizations in the telecomms industry (see ISO/IEC 27011) and healthcare (see ISO 27799).

Most organizations implement a wide range of information security-related controls, many of which are recommended in general terms by ISO/IEC 27002. Structuring the information security controls infrastructure in accordance with ISO/IEC 27002 may be advantageous since it:

Implementation example of ISO/IEC 27002

Here are a few examples of typical information security policies and other controls relating to three parts of ISO/IEC 27002. (Note: this is merely an illustration. The list of example controls is incomplete and not universally applicable.)

Physical and Environmental security

Human Resource security

Access control

National Equivalent Standards

ISO/IEC 27002 has directly equivalent national standards in several countries. Translation and local publication often results in several months' delay after the main ISO/IEC standard is revised and released, but the national standard bodies go to great lengths to ensure that the translated content accurately and completely reflects ISO/IEC 27002.

CountriesEquivalent Standard
 Australia

 New Zealand

AS/NZS ISO/IEC 27002:2006
 Brazil ISO/IEC NBR 17799/2007 – 27002
 Indonesia SNI ISO/IEC 27002:2014
 Chile NCH2777 ISO/IEC 17799/2000
 China GB/T 22081-2008
 Czech Republic ČSN ISO/IEC 27002:2006
 Denmark DS/ISO27002:2014 (DK)
 Estonia EVS-ISO/IEC 17799:2003, 2005 version in translation
 Germany DIN ISO/IEC 27002:2008
 Japan JIS Q 27002
 Lithuania LST ISO/IEC 27002:2009 (adopted ISO/IEC 27002:2005, ISO/IEC 17799:2005)
 Netherlands NEN-ISO/IEC 27002:2005
 Peru NTP-ISO/IEC 17799:2007
 Poland PN-ISO/IEC 17799:2007, based on ISO/IEC 17799:2005
 Russia ГОСТ/Р ИСО МЭК 17799-2005
 Slovakia STN ISO/IEC 27002:2006
 South Africa SANS 27002:2014/ISO/IEC 27002:2013[2]
 Spain UNE 71501
 Sweden SS-ISO/IEC 27002:2014
 Turkey TS ISO/IEC 27002
 Thailand UNIT/ISO
 Ukraine СОУ Н НБУ 65.1 СУІБ 2.0:2010
 United Kingdom BS ISO/IEC 27002:2005
 Uruguay UNIT/ISO 17799:2005

Certification

ISO/IEC 27002 is an advisory standard that is meant to be interpreted and applied to all types and sizes of organization according to the particular information security risks they face. In practice, this flexibility gives users a lot of latitude to adopt the information security controls that make sense to them, but makes it unsuitable for the relatively straightforward compliance testing implicit in most formal certification schemes.

ISO/IEC 27001:2013 (Information technology – Security techniques – Information security management systems – Requirements) is a widely recognized certifiable standard. ISO/IEC 27001 specifies a number of firm requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an ISMS, and in Annex A there is a suite of information security controls that organizations are encouraged to adopt where appropriate within their ISMS. The controls in Annex A are derived from and aligned with ISO/IEC 27002.

Ongoing development

Both ISO/IEC 27001:2013 and ISO/IEC 27002 are revised by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 every few years in order to keep them current and relevant. Revision involves, for instance, incorporating references to other issued security standards (such as ISO/IEC 27000, ISO/IEC 27004 and ISO/IEC 27005) and various good security practices that have emerged in the field since they were last published. Due to the significant 'installed base' of organizations already using ISO/IEC 27002, particularly in relation to the information security controls supporting an ISMS that complies with ISO/IEC 27001, any changes have to be justified and, wherever possible, evolutionary rather than revolutionary in nature.

See also

References

  1. "ISO27k timeline". ISO27001security.com. IsecT Ltd. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  2. "SANS 27002:2014 (Ed. 2.00)". SABS Web Store. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

External links

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