List of countries by income equality

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has zero income). Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by distribution of wealth). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.^[1][2]

Countries' income inequality (2014) according to their Gini coefficients measured in percent: red = high, green = low inequality

UN and CIA Combined List – Income ratios and Gini (1995 – present)

Click sorting buttons to sort alphabetically or numerically. Can sort in ascending or descending order. The row number column on the left sorts independently from the columns to the right of it.

Key:
R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%
R/P 20%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%
Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve
UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176

Country UN R/P World Bank Gini [3] CIA R/P [4] CIA Gini[5] 10%[6] 20%[7] % Year 10% Year % Year Afghanistan 27.8 2008 Albania 7.2 4.8 29.0 2012 7.2 2004 26.9 2012 est. Algeria 9.6 6.1 35.3 1995 9.6 1995 35.3 1995 Angola 42.7 2008 Argentina 31.6 17.8 42.3 2013 [8] 35.0 2007 Jan.-Mar. 45.8 2009 Armenia 8.0 5.0 31.5 2013 25.8 2004 30.3 2012 Australia 12.5 7.0 34.9 2010 12.7 1994 30.3 2008 Austria 6.9 4.4 30.5 2012 6.8 2004 26.3 2007 Azerbaijan 9.7 6.0 33.7 2008 9.5 2001 33.7 2008 Bahrain Bangladesh 7.5 4.9 32.0 2010 7.5 2000 est. 32.1 2010 Belarus 6.9 4.5 26.0 2012 6.9 2002 26.5 2011 Belgium 8.2 4.9 27.6 2012 8.3 2000 25.9 2013 est. Belize 53.1 1999 Benin 9.4 6.0 43.5 2012 9.4 2003 36.5 2003 Bhutan 38.7 2012 38.7 2012 Bolivia 93.9 42.3 48.1 2013 157.3 2002 46.6 2012 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.4 3.8 33.0 2007 5.5 2001 36.2 2007 Botswana 43.0 20.4 60.5 2009 63.0 1993 Brazil 40.6 21.8 52.9 2013 53.6 2009 51.9 2012 Bulgaria 7.0 4.4 36.0 2012 8.8 2005 35.4 2012 Burkina Faso 11.6 6.9 39.8 2009 11.5 2003 39.5 2007 Burundi 19.3 9.5 33.4 2006 19.3 1998 42.4 1998 Cambodia 12.2 7.3 30.8 2012 12.0 2004 37.9 2008 est. Cameroon 15.7 9.1 42.8 2007 15.4 2001 44.6 2001 Canada 9.4 5.5 33.7 2010 9.5 2000 32.1 2005 Cape Verde 42.7 2007 Central African Republic 69.2 32.7 56.2 2008 68.1 1993 61.3 1993 Chad 43.3 2011 43.3 2011 est. Chile 26.2 15.7 50.5 2013 32.1 2003 52.1 2009 China 21.6 12.2 37.0 2011 21.8 2004 46.9 2014 est. Colombia 60.4 25.3 53.5 2013 56.3 2008 53.5 2012 Comoros 64.3 2004 DR Congo 42.1 2012 Congo, Republic of the 40.2 2011 Costa Rica 23.4 15.6 49.2 2012 37.3 2003 50.3 2009 Côte d'Ivoire 16.6 9.7 43.2 2008 17.0 2002 41.5 2008 Croatia 7.3 4.8 32.0 2011 7.2 2003 est. 32.0 2010 Cuba Cyprus 34.3 2012 32.4 2013 est. Czech Republic 5.2 3.5 26.1 2012 5.2 1996 24.9 2012 Denmark 8.1 4.3 29.1 2012 12.0 2000 est. 24.8 2011 est. Djibouti 45.1 2012 40.9 2002 Dominican Republic 25.3 14.3 47.1 2013 18.8 2012 45.7 2012 est. Ecuador 35.2 17.3 47.3 2013 17.5 2006 Oct.[9] 48.5 2013 Dec.[9] Egypt 8.0 5.1 30.8 2008 8.0 2000 30.8 2008 El Salvador 38.6 20.9 43.5 2013 55.4 2002 46.9 2007 Equatorial Guinea Estonia 10.8 6.4 33.2 2012 11.0 2003 32.9 2013 Ethiopia 6.6 4.3 33.2 2010 6.5 2000 33.0 2011 European Union 30.6 2012 est. Fiji 42.8 2008 Finland 5.6 3.8 27.1 2012 5.7 2000 26.8 2008 France 9.1 5.6 33.1 2012 8.3 2004 30.1 2013 Gabon 41.5 2005 The Gambia 20.2 11.2 47.3 2003 20.6 1998 50.2 1998 Georgia 15.4 8.3 40.0 2013 15.2 2003 46.0 2011 Germany 6.9 4.3 30.1 2011 6.9 2000 27.0 2006 Ghana 14.1 8.4 42.8 2006 13.7 1999 42.3 2012–2013 Greece 10.2 6.2 36.7 2012 10.4 2000 est. 34.4 2013 est. Guatemala 33.9 20.3 52.4 2012 48.2 2002 55.1 2007 Guinea 10.5 6.6 33.7 2012 21.6 2006 39.4 2007 Guinea-Bissau 19.0 10.3 50.7 2010 84.8 1991 Guyana 44.5 1998 26.0 1999 44.6 2007 Haiti 54.4 26.6 60.8 2012 68.1 2001 59.2 2001 Honduras 59.4 17.2 53.7 2013 35.2 2003 57.7 2007 Hong Kong 17.8 9.7 53.7 2011 Hungary 5.5 3.8 30.6 2012 5.6 2002 24.7 2009 Iceland 26.9 2012 28.0 2006 India 8.6 5.6 33.6 2012 8.6 2004 33.6 2012 Indonesia 7.8 5.2 35.6 2010 7.9 2002 41.0 2015 Iran 17.2 9.7 37.4 2013 16.9 1998 44.5 2006 Iraq 29.5 2012 Ireland 9.4 5.6 32.5 2012 9.4 2000 33.9 2010 Israel 13.4 7.9 42.8 2010 11.8 2005 37.6 2012 Italy 11.6 6.5 35.2 2012 11.7 2000 31.9 2012 est. Jamaica 17.3 9.8 45.5 2004 17.0 2004 45.5 2004 Japan 4.5 3.4 32.1 2008 4.5 1993 37.9 2011 Jordan 11.3 6.9 35.4 2010 11.3 2003 39.7 2007 Kazakhstan 8.5 5.6 26.4 2013 8.0 2004 est. 28.9 2011 Kenya 13.6 8.2 47.7 2005 18.6 2000 42.5 2008 est. North Korea South Korea 7.8 4.7 31.3 2007 5.9 2011 30.2 2013 est. Kosovo 30 FY 2005/06 Kuwait Kyrgyzstan 6.4 4.4 27.4 2012 6.4 2003 33.4 2007 Laos 8.3 5.4 37.9 2012 8.4 2002 36.7 2008 Latvia 11.6 6.8 35.5 2012 11.6 2003 35.2 2010 Lebanon Lesotho 39.8 44.2 54.2 2015 48.2 2002 est. 63.2 1995 Liberia 12.8 36.5 2007 Libya Lithuania 10.4 6.3 35.2 2012 10.3 2003 35.5 2009 Luxembourg 34.8 2012 6.8 2000 30.4 2013 est. Macau 35 2013 Macedonia 12.5 7.5 43.2 2009 12.3 2003 43.6 2013 Madagascar 19.2 11.0 40.6 2010 19.3 2001 47.5 2001 Malawi 10.9 6.7 46.1 2010 11.0 2004 39.0 2004 Malaysia 22.1 12.4 46.3 2009 28.0 2003 est. 46.2 2009 Maldives 36.8 2009 37.4 2004 est. Mali 12.5 7.6 33.0 2010 12.6 2001 40.1 2001 Malta 27.9 2013 Mauritania 12.0 7.4 37.5 2008 11.8 2000 39.0 2000 Mauritius 35.8 2012 35.9 2012 est. Mexico 21.6 12.8 48.1 2012 24.6 2004 48.3 2008 Moldova 8.2 5.3 28.5 2013 8.3 2003 33.0 2010 Mongolia 8.2 5.4 33.8 2012 8.2 2002 36.5 2008 Montenegro 33.2 2013 26.2 2013 est. Morocco 11.7 7.2 40.7 2007 11.9 1999 40.9 2007 est. Mozambique 18.8 9.9 45.6 2008 18.8 2002 45.6 2008 Myanmar 11.6 1998 Namibia 106.6 56.1 61.3 2010 129.0 2003 59.7 2010 Nepal 15.8 9.1 32.8 2010 15.6 2004 32.8 2010 Netherlands 9.2 2.5[10] 28.0 2012 9.2 1999 25.1 2013 New Zealand 12.4 6.8 36.2 1997 36.2 1997 Nicaragua 31.0 8.8 45.7 2009 15.4 2001 40.5 2010 Niger 46.0 20.7 31.5 2011 44.3 1995 34.0 2007 Nigeria 17.8 9.7 43.0 2009 17.5 2003 43.7 2003 Norway 6.1 3.9 25.9 2012 6.0 2000 26.8 2010 Oman Pakistan 6.5 4.3 29.6 2010 6.6 2002 29.6 FY 2011 Panama 49.9 23.9 51.7 2013 61.4 2003 51.9 2010 est. Papua New Guinea 23.8 12.6 43.9 2009 23.8 1996 50.9 1996 Paraguay 38.8 25.7 48.3 2013 65.9 2003 53.2 2009 Peru 26.1 15.2 44.7 2013 31.5 2003 45.3 2012 Philippines 15.5 9.3 43.0 2012 15.5 2003 46.0 2012 Poland 8.8 5.6 32.4 2012 8.7 2002 34.1 2009 Portugal 15.0 8.0 36.0 2012 9.2 1995 est. 34.2 2013 est. Qatar 41.1 2007 Romania 7.5 4.9 27.3 2012 7.4 2003 27.3 2012 Russia 12.7 7.6 41.6 2012 12.8 2002 42 2012 Rwanda 18.6 9.9 50.8 2011 18.2 2000 46.8 2000 Sao Tome and Principe 30.8 2010 Saudi Arabia Senegal 12.3 7.4 40.3 2011 12.4 2001 40.3 2011 Serbia 29.7 2010 38.7 2014 est. Seychelles 42.8 2006 Sierra Leone 87.2 57.6 34.0 2011 87.2 1989 62.9 1989 Singapore 17.7 9.7 17.3 1998 46.4 2014 Slovakia 6.7 4.0 26.1 2012 6.7 1996 25.3 2012 Slovenia 5.9 3.9 25.6 2012 5.9 1998 23.7 2012 Somalia South Africa 33.1 17.9 63.4 2011 31.9 2000 62.5 2013 est. South Sudan 45.5 2009 46.0 2010 est. Spain 10.3 6.0 35.9 2012 10.2 2000 34.0 2011 Sri Lanka 11.1 6.9 38.6 2012 36.1 FY 2003/04 49.0 2010 St. Lucia 42.6 1995 Sudan 35.4 2009 Suriname 52.9 1999 Swaziland 25.1 13.0 51.5 2010 25.4 2001 50.4 2001 Sweden 6.2 4.0 27.3 2012 6.2 2000 24.9 2013 Switzerland 9.0 5.5 31.6 2012 8.9 2000 28.7 2012 est. Syria 35.8 2004 Taiwan 6.1 2002 est. 33.8 2012 Tajikistan 7.8 5.2 30.8 2009 7.8 2003 32.6 2006 Tanzania 9.2 5.8 37.8 2011 9.3 2000 37.6 2007 Thailand 12.6 7.7 39.3 2012 12.4 2002 39.4 2010 Timor-Leste 31.6 2007 31.9 2007 est. Togo 46.0 2011 Trinidad and Tobago 12.9 7.6 40.3 1992 Tunisia 13.4 7.9 35.8 2010 13.7 2000 40.0 2005 est. Turkey 6.6 4.6 40.2 2012 17.1 2003 40.2 2010 Turkmenistan 12.3 7.7 40.8 1998 12.2 1998 40.8 1998 Uganda 16.6 9.2 42.4 2012 16.4 2002 39.5 2013 Ukraine 5.9 4.1 24.6 2013 7.6 2006 28.2 2009 United Arab Emirates United Kingdom 13.8 7.2 32.6 2012 13.6 1999 32.4 2012 United States 15.9 8.4 41.1 2013 15.0 2007 est. 45.0 2007 Uruguay 11.8 41.9 2013 17.9 2003 45.3 2010 Uzbekistan 10.6 6.2 36.7 2003 10.6 2003 36.8 2003 Venezuela 18.8 16.0 46.9 2006 50.3 2003 39.0 2011 Vietnam 6.9 4.9 38.9 2012 10.0 2004 37.6 2008 Palestine 35.5 2009 Yemen 8.6 5.6 37.7 2005 8.6 2003 37.7 2005 Zambia 55.6 2010 57.5 2010 Zimbabwe 50.1 1995 50.1 2006  World 12.0 2002 est. 38.0 2007

OECD countries

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers[11] Country mid-70s mid-80s around 1990 mid-90s around 2000 mid-2000s Late 2000s Australia 0.467 0.476 0.465 0.468 Austria 0.433 0.472 Belgium 0.449 0.472 0.464 0.494 0.469 Canada 0.385 0.395 0.403 0.430 0.440 0.436 0.441 Chile 0.441 0.414 0.426 Czech Republic 0.442 0.472 0.474 0.444 Denmark 0.373 0.396 0.417 0.415 0.417 0.416 Estonia 0.504 0.458 Finland 0.343 0.387 0.479 0.478 0.483 0.465 France 0.380 0.370 0.473 0.490 0.485 0.483 Germany 0.439 0.429 0.459 0.471 0.499 0.504 Greece 0.448 0.426 0.446 0.466 0.454 0.436 Hungary 0.452 0.496 0.463 0.497 0.466 Iceland 0.365 0.382 Ireland Israel 0.472 0.476 0.494 0.504 0.513 0.498 Italy 0.420 0.437 0.508 0.516 0.557 0.534 Japan 0.345 0.403 0.432 0.443 0.462 Luxembourg 0.383 0.427 0.421 0.454 0.482 Mexico 0.453 0.532 0.517 0.491 0.494 Netherlands 0.426 0.473 0.474 0.484 0.424 0.426 0.426 New Zealand 0.408 0.468 0.488 0.484 0.473 0.455 Norway 0.351 0.404 0.426 0.447 0.410 Poland 0.542 0.470 Portugal 0.457 0.436 0.490 0.479 0.542 0.521 Slovak Republic 0.458 0.416 Slovenia 0.452 0.423 South Korea 0.331 0.344 Spain 0.461 Sweden 0.389 0.404 0.408 0.438 0.446 0.432 0.426 Switzerland 0.409 Turkey 0.470 United Kingdom 0.338 0.419 0.439 0.453 0.458 0.445 0.456 United States 0.406 0.436 0.450 0.477 0.476 0.486 0.486

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers[11] Country mid-70s mid-80s around 1990 mid-90s around 2000 mid-2000s Late 2000s Australia 0.309 0.317 0.315 0.336 Austria 0.236 0.238 0.252 0.265 0.261 Belgium 0.274 0.287 0.289 0.271 0.259 Canada 0.304 0.293 0.287 0.289 0.318 0.317 0.324 Chile 0.427 0.403 0.394 Czech Republic 0.232 0.257 0.260 0.268 0.256 Denmark 0.221 0.226 0.215 0.226 0.232 0.248 Estonia 0.349 0.315 Finland 0.235 0.209 0.218 0.247 0.254 0.259 France 0.300 0.290 0.277 0.287 0.288 0.293 Germany 0.251 0.256 0.266 0.264 0.285 0.295 Greece 0.413 0.336 0.336 0.345 0.321 0.307 Hungary 0.273 0.294 0.293 0.291 0.272 Iceland 0.257 0.301 Ireland 0.331 0.324 0.304 0.314 0.293 Israel 0.326 0.329 0.338 0.347 0.378 0.371 Italy 0.309 0.297 0.348 0.343 0.352 0.337 Japan 0.304 0.323 0.337 0.321 0.329 Luxembourg 0.247 0.259 0.261 0.258 0.288 Mexico 0.452 0.519 0.507 0.474 0.476 Netherlands 0.263 0.272 0.292 0.297 0.292 0.284 0.294 New Zealand 0.271 0.318 0.335 0.339 0.335 0.330 Norway 0.222 0.243 0.261 0.276 0.250 Poland 0.316 0.349 0.305 Portugal 0.354 0.329 0.359 0.356 0.385 0.353 Slovak Republic 0.268 0.257 Slovenia 0.246 0.236 South Korea 0.306 0.315 Spain 0.371 0.337 0.343 0.342 0.319 0.317 Sweden 0.212 0.198 0.209 0.211 0.243 0.234 0.259 Switzerland 0.279 0.276 0.303 Turkey 0.434 0.490 0.430 0.409 United Kingdom 0.268 0.309 0.354 0.336 0.351 0.331 0.345 United States 0.316 0.337 0.348 0.361 0.357 0.380 0.378

See also

• List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI
• List of countries by distribution of wealth

References

1. Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011. Global & Local Economic Review.
2. The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
3. World Bank GINI index, accessed on January 21, 2016.
4. Data show the ratio of the household income or consumption share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Household income or consumption by percentage share (%), The World Factbook, CIA, updated on January 24, 2008. Note: To calculate the value given in the table for this article, the highest 10% value was divided by the lowest 10% value.
5. Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on November 24, 2011.
6. Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 2009, UNDP, accessed on July 30, 2011.
7. Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 2007/2008, UNDP, accessed on February 3, 2008.
8. http://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SI.POV.GINI
9. Data for urban households only.
10. 2015 Data
11. OECD. "Income Distribution and Poverty : by country –I nequalityY".

Further reading

• "An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings" (PDF), Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing, OECD Publishing, December 2011, ISBN 978-92-64-11163-9, retrieved 6 December 2011 This book released with two titles, depending on country of publication. However, the ISBN remains the same

External links

• Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010
• Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.