Isoprene synthase

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate pyrophosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming). Other names in common use include ISPC, and ISPS.

References

Silver GM, Fall R (1991). "Enzymatic Synthesis of Isoprene from Dimethylallyl Diphosphate in Aspen Leaf Extracts". Plant. Physiol. 97 (4): 1588–1591. doi:10.1104/pp.97.4.1588. PMC 1081206. PMID 16668590.
Silver GM, Fall R (1995). "Characterization of aspen isoprene synthase, an enzyme responsible for leaf isoprene emission to the atmosphere". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (22): 13010–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13010. PMID 7768893.
Wildermuth MC, Fall R (1996). "Light-Dependent Isoprene Emission (Characterization of a Thylakoid-Bound Isoprene Synthase in Salix discolor Chloroplasts)". Plant. Physiol. 112 (1): 171–182. doi:10.1104/pp.112.1.171. PMC 157936. PMID 12226383.
Schnitzler JP, Arenz R, Steinbrecher R and Lehming A (1996). "Characterization of an isoprene synthase from leaves of Quercus petraea". Bot. Acta 109: 216–221. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00566.x.
Miller B, Oschinski C, Zimmer W (2001). "First isolation of an isoprene synthase gene from poplar and successful expression of the gene in Escherichia coli". Planta. 213 (3): 483–7. doi:10.1007/s004250100557. PMID 11506373.
Sivy TL, Shirk MC, Fall R (2002). "Isoprene synthase activity parallels fluctuations of isoprene release during growth of Bacillus subtilis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (1): 71–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00435-7. PMID 12054742.
Sasaki K, Ohara K, Yazaki K (2005). "Gene expression and characterization of isoprene synthase from Populus alba". FEBS Lett. 579 (11): 2514–8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.066. PMID 15848197.
Schnitzler JP, Zimmer I, Bachl A, Arend M, Fromm J, Fischbach RJ (2005). "Biochemical properties of isoprene synthase in poplar (Populus x canescens)". Planta. 222 (5): 777–86. doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0022-1. PMID 16052321.
Vickers CE, Possell M, Cojocariu C, Velikova V, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan A, Mullineaux PM, Hewitt CN (2009). "Isoprene synthesis protects transgenic tobacco plants from oxidative stress". Plant, Cell and Environment. 32 (5): 520–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01946.x. PMID 19183288.
Vickers CE, Possell M, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2010). "Genetic structure and regulation of isoprene synthase in Poplar (Populus spp.)". Plant Molecular Biology. 73 (4–5): 547–58. doi:10.1007/s11103-010-9642-3. PMID 20467886.
Vickers CE, Possell M, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan AC, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2011). "Isoprene synthesis in plants – lessons from a transgenic tobacco model". Plant, Cell and Environment. 34 (6): 1043–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02303.x. PMID 21388420.

Carbon-oxygen lyases (EC 4.2) (primarily dehydratases)

4.2.1: Hydro-Lyases	Carbonic anhydrase Fumarase Aconitase Enolase Alpha Enolase 2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine beta synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase Urocanase Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Nitrile hydratase

4.2.2: Acting on polysaccharides	Hyaluronate lyase

4.2.3: Acting on phosphates	Threonine synthase

4.2.99: Other	Carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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