Jean-Marc Ayrault

Jean-Marc Ayrault
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development
Incumbent
Assumed office 11 February 2016
President	François Hollande
Prime Minister	Manuel Valls
Preceded by	Laurent Fabius
Prime Minister of France
In office 16 May 2012 – 1 April 2014
President	François Hollande
Preceded by	François Fillon
Succeeded by	Manuel Valls
Leader of the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left
In office 12 June 1997 – 19 June 2012
Preceded by	Laurent Fabius
Succeeded by	Bruno Le Roux
Mayor of Nantes
In office 20 March 1989 – 21 June 2012
Preceded by	Michel Chauty
Succeeded by	Patrick Rimbert
Mayor of Saint-Herblain
In office 14 March 1977 – 20 March 1989
Preceded by	Michel Chauty
Succeeded by	Charles Gautier
Member of the National Assembly for Loire-Atlantique's 3rd constituency
In office 23 June 1988 – 20 July 2012
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Jean-Pierre Fougerat
In office 14 March 1977 – 20 March 1989
Preceded by	Jean-Pierre Fougerat
Succeeded by	Jean-Pierre Fougerat
Personal details
Born	25 January 1950 Maulévrier, France
Political party	Socialist Party
Spouse(s)	Brigitte Terrien (m. 1971)
Children	Ysabelle Élise
Alma mater	University of Nantes University of Würzburg

Jean-Marc Ayrault (French: [ʒɑ̃maʁk eʁo]; born 25 January 1950^[1]) is a French politician who was Prime Minister of France from 16 May 2012 to 31 March 2014.^[2] He has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2016. Previously Ayrault was the Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012, and he led the Socialist Party group in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.

Early life

Born in Maulévrier in Maine-et-Loire,^[1] Jean-Marc Ayrault is the son of Joseph Ayrault,^[3] from Maulévrier, formerly an agricultural worker who was subsequently employed in a textile factory, and of Georgette Uzenot, a former seamstress who later became a full-time housewife.

His early schooling was at the St Joseph Catholic primary school in Maulévrier, after which, between 1961 and 1968, he attended the Lycée Colbert, in Cholet.^[4] He subsequently studied German at Nantes University. In 1969/70 he spent a term at the University of Würzburg in Bavaria. He graduated with a degree in German in 1971 and in 1972 obtained his graduate teaching diploma. He stayed in the Nantes area for his probationary teaching year which was undertaken in Rezé. Between 1973 and his election to the National Assembly in 1986 he worked as a German language teacher in nearby Saint-Herblain.^[5]

Political career

During his youth, Ayrault was a member of a movement of young Christians in rural areas. He joined the Socialist Party (PS) after the 1971 Epinay Congress during which François Mitterrand took the party leadership. Ayrault was affiliated to Jean Poperen's faction, one of the left-wing groups in the party. Elected in 1976 to the General Council of Loire-Atlantique département, he subsequently became Mayor of Saint-Herblain, located in the western suburbs of Nantes, in 1977. At 27, he was the youngest mayor of a French city of more than 30,000 inhabitants. He left the General Council in 1982.

He reached the PS national committee in 1979, then the executive of the party in 1981. He was first elected to the National Assembly in 1986, as representative of Loire Atlantique department, and he was consistently re-elected in subsequent elections. In 1989, he was chosen by the PS to conquer the mayoralty of Nantes, held by the Rally for the Republic (RPR) party, and he won. Re-elected in 1995, 2001 and 2008, he was also president of the Urban Community of Nantes Métropole since 2002. He was an important "local baron" of the Socialist Party.

After the surprising victory of the "Plural Left" in the 1997 legislative election, he was not appointed to the government but was instead designated as President of the Socialist parliamentary group in the National Assembly, a position he held for the next 15 years. Ayrault was a supporter of François Hollande during the Socialist Party's 2011 primary election to choose its presidential candidate. Hollande was ultimately elected President in the 2012 presidential election, and he appointed Ayrault as Prime Minister when he took office on 15 May 2012.

Prime Minister

Ayrault during a meeting in his constituency in Nantes with François Hollande

Following François Hollande's victory in the 2012 presidential election, Ayrault was appointed Prime Minister of France replacing François Fillon. The following day, Ayrault unveiled his Cabinet. In response to the Greek government-debt crisis he asked the European Commission to put unused structural funds towards helping the Greek economy return to growth and said "We waited too long before helping Greece. This has been going on for two years now and only gets worse..."^[6]

Ayrault's appointment to the country's head of government has prompted discussion within Arabic language mass media as to how to pronounce his surname. When his name is pronounced properly in French, it sounds "very much like a moderately rude Lebanese [slang] term" for a phallus.^[7] Al-Arabiya decided to pronounce the name properly and write its Arabic transliteration "in a way that makes clear it is not the offensive word"; CNN Arabic decided to pronounce Ayrault's surname by "voicing the last two letters in the written word."^[7]

During his time in office, Ayrault and his ministers introduced a raft of progressive measures, including a reduction in the retirement age from 62 to 60 for some categories of workers, cuts in ministerial salaries of up to 30%,^[8] a rise in the minimum wage, the introduction of a 36-month rent freeze on new contracts in some urban areas, an extension of social rebates on energy, increased educational support for low-income families,^[9] the introduction of a system of subsidised employment for young people between 16 and 25,^[10] and the extension of an entitlement to free health care to an additional 500,000 people.^[11]

However, a recent poll showed that global satisfaction and trust rates towards François Hollande and the action of the government was under 50%, leading some editorialists to analyse this as the end of the "état de grâce" and the beginning of the "état de crasse".

Ayrault announced his resignation on 31 March 2014, the day after the "Socialists suffered heavy losses in nationwide municipal elections",^[12] and formally handed over to his successor Manuel Valls at the prime ministerial residence, the Hotel Matignon, on 1 April 2014.^[2]

Political resume

French Government

Prime Minister: 2012–2014.

Minister of Foreign Affairs: 2016–present

National Assembly

President of the Socialist Group in the National Assembly of France: 1997–2012. Re-elected in 2002 and 2007.

Member of the National Assembly of France for Loire-Atlantique (3rd constituency): 1986–2012 (appointed Prime Minister in 2012). Elected in 1986, re-elected in 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012.

General council

General councillor of Loire-Atlantique, elected in the canton of Saint-Herbain-Est: 1976–1982.

Community Council

Président of the Urban Community of Nantes Métropole: 1992–2012 (Resignation). Re-elected in 1995, 2001, and 2008.

Member of the Urban Community Council of Nantes Métropole: since 1992. Re-elected in 1995, 2001, and 2008.

Municipal Council

Mayor of Saint-Herblain: 1977–1989. Re-elected in 1983.

Municipal councillor of Saint-Herblain: 1977–1989. Re-elected in 1983.

Mayor of Nantes: 1989–2012 (Resignation). Re-elected in 1995, 2001, and 2008.

Municipal councillor of Nantes: Since 1989. Re-elected in 1995, 2001 and 2008.

Honours

Foreign honours

•  Italy : Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (19 November 2012)^[13]

References

1. Roger, Patrick (15 May 2012). "Jean-Marc Ayrault, le "réformiste décomplexé" (in French). Le Monde..
2. "Remaniement: retour sur une journée de tractations". BFMTV.
3. (Besson 2004, p. 54)
4. "Jean-Marc Ayrault". le site de France Info (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2012.
5. "Biographical note on the website for Nantes". Retrieved 15 May 2012.
6. Wearden, Graeme (22 March 2011). "Eurozone crisis live: Greek and Spanish fears hit markets again". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
7. Shair, Kindah (18 May 2012). "New French PM's name causes Arab giggles". CNN. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
8. "hollande-tipped-majority-france-vote", news.yahoo.com.
9. "Policy Network – Publications". policy-network.net.
10. "Youth Employment developments: France". aegee.org.
11. "La CMU pour 500.000 personnes de plus". Le Figaro.
12. Craggs, Ryan, "French Prime Minister Resigns: Jean-Marc Ayrault Tenders Resignation", The Huffington Post, 31 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
13. Italian Presidency website, Sig. Jean-Marc Ayrault (Primo Ministro) – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana

External links

• Personal profile on the French National Assembly's website (French)
• Biography on his personal website (French)
• Official blog (French)