Armand Fallières

Armand Fallières
President of the French Republic
In office
18 February 1906  18 February 1913
Prime Minister Maurice Rouvier
Ferdinand Sarrien
Georges Clemenceau
Aristide Briand
Ernest Monis
Joseph Caillaux
Raymond Poincaré
Aristide Briand
Preceded by Émile Loubet
Succeeded by Raymond Poincaré
Prime Minister of France
In office
29 January 1883  21 February 1883
President Jules Grévy
Preceded by Charles Duclerc
Succeeded by Jules Ferry
Personal details
Born 6 November 1841
Mézin, France
Died 22 June 1931 (aged 89)
Lannes, France
Political party Democratic Republican Alliance

Clément Armand Fallières (French pronunciation: [aʁmɑ̃ faljɛʁ]; 6 November 1841 – 22 June 1931) was a French politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913.

He was born at Mézin in the département of Lot-et-Garonne, France, where his father was clerk of the peace. He studied law and became an advocate at Nérac, beginning his public career there as municipal councillor (1868), afterwards mayor (1871), and as councillor-general of the département of Lot-et-Garonne (1871). Being an ardent Republican, he lost this position in May 1873 upon the fall of Thiers, but in February 1876 was elected deputy for Nérac. In the chamber he sat with the Republican Left, signed the protestation of 18 May 1877, and was re-elected five months later.

In 1880 he became under-secretary of state in the department of the interior in Jules Ferry's ministry (May 1880 to November 1881). From 7 August 1882 to 20 February 1883 he was minister of the interior, and for a month (from 29 January 1883) was prime minister. His ministry had to face the question of the expulsion of the pretenders to the throne of France, owing to the proclamation by Prince Napoléon (January 1883).

Fallières, who was ill at the time , was not able to face the storm of opposition, and resigned when the senate rejected his project. The following November, however, he was chosen as minister of public instruction by Jules Ferry, and carried out various reforms in the school system.

He resigned in March 1885, becoming minister of the interior in Maurice Rouvier's cabinet two years later. He exchanged his portfolio in December for that of the department of justice. He returned again to the ministry of the interior in February 1889, and finally retook the department of justice from March 1890 to February 1892. In June 1890 his département (Lot-et-Garonne) elected him to the senate by 417 votes to 23. There Fallières remained independent of party struggles, although maintaining his influence among the Republicans.

In March 1899 he was elected president of the senate, and retained that position until January 1906, when he was chosen by a union of the groups of the Left in both chambers as candidate for the presidency of the republic. He was elected on the first ballot by 449 votes against 371 for his opponent, Paul Doumer.

Fallières was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty and commuted the sentences of many prisoners sentenced to death.

Fallières' Ministry, 29 January 1883 – 21 February 1883

References

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Political offices
Preceded by
René Goblet
Minister of the Interior
1882–1883
Succeeded by
René Waldeck-Rousseau
Preceded by
Paul Devès
Minister of Worship
1882–1883
Preceded by
Charles Duclerc
Prime Minister of France
1883
Succeeded by
Jules Ferry
interim Minister of Foreign Affairs
1883
Succeeded by
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
Preceded by
Jules Ferry
Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1883–1885
Succeeded by
René Goblet
Preceded by
René Goblet
Minister of the Interior
1887
Succeeded by
Ferdinand Sarrien
Preceded by
Charles Mazeau
Minister of Justice
1887–1888
Succeeded by
Jean-Baptiste Ferrouillat
Preceded by
François Thévenet
Minister of Worship
1890–1892
Succeeded by
Louis Ricard
Preceded by
Édouard Locroy
Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1889–1890
Succeeded by
Léon Bourgeois
Preceded by
Émile Loubet
President of the Senate
1899–1906
Succeeded by
Antonin Dubost
Preceded by
Émile Loubet
President of France
1906–1913
Succeeded by
Raymond Poincaré
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