Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona

Infante Juan
Infante of Spain; Count of Barcelona
Juan de Borbón in 1959.
Born	20 June 1913 San Ildefonso, Spain
Died	1 April 1993 (aged 79) Pamplona, Spain
Burial	El Escorial
Spouse	Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Issue	Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz Juan Carlos I of Spain Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Hernani Infante Alfonso
Full name Juan Carlos Teresa Silverio Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg[1]
House	Bourbon
Father	Alfonso XIII of Spain
Mother	Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Infante Juan of Spain, Count of Barcelona (Don Juan Carlos Teresa Silverio Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg; 20 June 1913 – 1 April 1993), was the third surviving son and designated heir of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. His father was replaced by the Second Spanish Republic, and under his son, Juan Carlos I, a constitutional monarchy was restored. As king of Spain, he would have been Juan III.

Early life and marriage

Juan was born at the Palace of San Ildefonso. His father was forced into exile when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931. Owing to the renunciations of his brothers Alfonso of Spain, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, Infante Juan was thus next in line to the defunct Spanish throne. He thus received the title Prince of Asturias when he was serving with the (British) Royal Navy in Bombay.

In March 1935, he passed his naval exams in gunnery and navigation, which would have entitled him to become a lieutenant in the Royal Navy if he gave up his Spanish nationality. This, however, he refused to do.

He met his future wife at a party hosted by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy on the day before his sister (Infanta Beatriz) was to be married. He married Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1910–2000), known in Spain as Doña María de las Mercedes de Borbón Dos-Sicilias y Orleans, in Rome on 12 October 1935.

Just before the birth of the Infante Juan Carlos, the Count of Barcelona decided to go hunting, with the doctor telling him and his wife that the future king would not be born for weeks. When he was told of the birth he drove to the hospital so quickly that he broke an axle spring.

They had four children:

1. Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos [et omnes sancti]); born in 1936.
2. Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias); born in 1938.
3. Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria, 2nd Duchess of Hernani (Margarita María de la Victoria Esperanza Jacoba Felicidad Perpetua y Todos los Santos [et omnes sancti]; born in 1939.
4. Infante Alfonso of Spain (Alfonso Cristino Teresa Ángelo Francisco de Asís y Todos los Santos) (1941–1956)

They lived in Cannes and Rome, and, with the outbreak of World War II, they moved to Lausanne to live with his mother, Queen Victoria Eugenie. Afterwards, they resided at Estoril, in Portugal.

Claim to the Spanish throne

Don Juan became heir-apparent to the defunct Spanish throne after the renunciations of his two older brothers, Alfonso and Jaime, both in 1933. To assert his claim to the throne, after his father's death he used the title of Count of Barcelona, a sovereign title associated with the Spanish crown.

In 1936, his father sent him to enter Spain and participate in the uprising but, near the French border, General Mola arrested him and sent him back.

When General Francisco Franco declared Spain a monarchy in 1947, he characterised it as a restoration. However, Franco was afraid that Don Juan would turn out to be too liberal and roll back the Falangist state. As a result, in 1969, Franco passed over Don Juan, who would have been king if the monarchy had continued uninterrupted, in favour of his son Juan Carlos, who Franco believed would be more likely to continue the Francoist State after his death. Don Juan Carlos later surprised many by his support of democratising Spain. Franco and Don Juan did not have a good relationship, with the Count constantly pressing Franco to restore the monarchy. Relations soured further when Juan called Franco an "illegitimate usurper", while Franco claimed he had a stronger claim to rule Spain than did Don Juan.

Don Juan formally renounced his rights to the Crown eight years after being displaced as recognised heir to the throne by Franco, and two years after his son Don Juan Carlos had become king. In return, his son officially granted him the title of Count of Barcelona, which he had claimed for so long.

He was buried as Juan III^[2] (John III of Spain), with honours due a King, in the Royal Crypt of the monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid. His wife survived him by seven years.

He was fond of the sea, and joined the Naval School at San Fernando, Cádiz, and had tattoos of a marine theme from his time in the British Royal Navy.

He was the 1165th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain.

Heraldry

Heraldry of Infante Juan of Spain, Count of Barcelona
Arms as Infante of Spain (1927–1931/1933) Royal Coat of Arms of Spain Version of 1931 Used as Pretender and Head of the Royal House. (1941–1977)[3] Lesser Royal Coat of Arms of Spain Also used by Don Juan as Pretender. (1941–1977)[3] Arms after the renunciation of the Throne (1977–1993)[4]

Ancestors

Ancestors of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona

16. Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain               8. Francis, Duke of Cádiz                       17. Princess Luisa Carlotta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies               4. Alfonso XII of Spain                             18. Ferdinand VII of Spain               9. Isabella II of Spain                       19. Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies               2. Alfonso XIII of Spain                                   20. Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen               10. Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria                       21. Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg               5. Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria                             22. Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary               11. Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria                       23. Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg               1. Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona                                         24. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine               12. Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine                       25. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden               6. Prince Henry of Battenberg                             26. Count John Maurice Hauke               13. Countess Julia Hauke                       27. Sophie Lafontaine               3. Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg                                   28. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha               14. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                       29. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg               7. Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom                             30. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn               15. Victoria of the United Kingdom                       31. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

References

1. Boletín Oficial del Estado
2. Enumerated after Juan II, King of Castile.
3. García-Mechano y Osset, Eduardo (2010). Introducción a la heráldica y manual de heráldica militar española. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa. ISBN 978-84-9781-559-8. PP.105-107
4. "Coat of arms of Juan de Bourbon after his renounce at the emblem of the Frigate "Juan de Borbón"". Navy official coats of arms (in Spanish). Spanish Navy. Retrieved 18 March 2013.