Kurumba language

Kurumba
Region Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Native speakers
 38,000 (1997)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Variously:
xuj – Jen Kurumba
xua – Alu Kurumba
kfi – Kannada Kurumba (spurious; speak Kannada)[3]
Glottolog jenn1240  (Jennu)[4]
aluk1238  (Alu)[5]

Kurumba is a Dravidian language[6] of South India spoken by the tribal Kuruba Gowda sub-castes. The language is spoken predominantly in select districts of three South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Kurumvari, a dialect of Kannada, closely related to the Kurumba dialect of Kannada, was spoken by 2,151 pastoral tribes in Chanda district of Maharashtra as per 1901 census. The Kurumba dialect of Kannada on the whole had a total of 11,371 speakers as per 1901 census, spread across the present states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Assam.[7]

The Jen Kurumba language also called Kattu Nayaka or Shola Nayakan is the same as Jenu Kuruba dialect of Kannada. It was spoken by 35,000 as on 1997. It has less than 60% lexical similarity with the Betta Kurumba dialect.[8] Alu Kurumba or Pal Kurumba or Hal Kurumba is a dialect of Kannada which has 80% lexical similarities with Kannada. Its speakers numbered 2,500 in 1997.[9] Kannada Kurumba is the most numerous Kurumba dialect of Kannada spoken by Okkili, Anuppa and Kurumba Gowdas numbering 180,000 as on 2000.[10] Betta Kurumba spoken by 32,000 as on 2003, also called Kadu Kurumba or Urali Kurumba, is a non-standard variety of Kannada, Kodava or Tamil.[11] It has 3 sub-divisions : Ane (elephant) Kurumba, Bevina (neem tree) Kurumba, and Kolli (fire-brand) Kurumba.[12] Mullu Kurumba language is spoken by 25,000 tribals in Wayanad and by 1,000 in Gudalur of Nilgiris as on 2004.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Jen Kurumba at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Alu Kurumba at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Kannada Kurumba (spurious; speak Kannada)[2] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  3. ↑ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  4. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Jennu Kurumba". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  5. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Alu Kurumba". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  6. ↑ "Linguistic lineage for Kurumba Kannada". Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  7. ↑ Grierson, G. A. (1928). "A Linguistic Survey of India". Kurumba or Kurumvari. The Government of India.
  8. ↑ "Jenu Kurumba". Ethnologue - Languages of the World. SIL International. 2016.
  9. ↑ "Ethnologue-Languages of the World". Ethnologue. SIL International. 2016.
  10. ↑ "Ethnologue-Languages of the World". Ethnologue. SIL International. 2016.
  11. ↑ Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 9788120826076.
  12. ↑ "Ethnologue-Languages of the World". Ethnologue. SIL International. 2016.
  13. ↑ "Ethnologue-Languages of the World". Ethnologue. SIL International. 2016.


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