Kepler-68

Kepler-68
Characteristics
Spectral type	?^[1]
Astrometry

Distance	440 ly (135 pc)

Details
Kepler-68
Mass	1.079 M_☉
Radius	1.243 R_☉
Temperature	5793 K
Metallicity	0.12
Age	6.3 Gyr

Other designations

Kepler-68 is a Sun-like main sequence star. It is known to have at least three planets orbiting around it. The outermost planet has a mass similar to Jupiter but orbits within the habitable zone.^[2]

Planetary system

Currently, three planets have been discovered to orbit around Kepler-68. Two of the innermost planets were discovered by planetary transit method. Follow-up Doppler measurements helped to determine the mass of Kepler-68b and helped to discover Kepler-68d. ^[3]

The Kepler-68 planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	5.9 M_⊕	0.0617	5.398763	-	87.6°	0.196 R_J
c	0.015 M_J	0.09059	9.605065	-	86.93°	0.081 R_J
d	≥0.87 M_J	1.4	625±16	0.18	—	- R_J

References

↑ Jean Schneider (2013). "Notes for star Kepler-68". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
↑ Kepler-68: Three Planets, One With a Density Between That of Earth and Ice Giants: Ronald L. Gilliland, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Jason F. Rowe, Leslie Rogers, Guillermo Torres, Francois Fressin, Eric D. Lopez, Lars A. Buchhave, Joergen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jean-Michel Desert, Howard Isaacson, Jon M. Jenkins, Jack L. Lissauer, William J. Chaplin, Sarbani Basu, Travis S. Metcalfe, Yvonne Elsworth, Rasmus Handberg, Saskia Hekker, Daniel Huber, Christoffer Karoff, Hans Kjeldsen, Mikkel N. Lund, Mia Lundkvist, Andrea Miglio, David Charbonneau, Eric B. Ford, Jonathan J. Fortney, Michael R. Haas, Andrew W. Howard, Steve B. Howell, Darin Ragozzine, Susan E. Thompson
↑ http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/22kois.pdf

Kepler-68 system

Stars	Kepler-68

Planets	Kepler-68b Kepler-68c Kepler-68d

Cygnus constellation

Stars
(list)

Bayer	α (Deneb) β (Albireo) γ (Sadr) δ ε (Gienah) ζ η θ ι¹ ι² κ λ μ ν ξ π¹ (Azelfafage) π² (Pennae Caudalis) ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω¹ ω² P Q

Flamsteed	2 4 8 9 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (ο¹) 32 (ο²) 33 35 36 39 40 41 42 43 44 47 48 49 51 52 55 56 57 59 60 61 63 68 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 77 79

Variable	R T U V W X Y Z RS RT RX SS SU SW SZ TT TX UX VW VX VY VZ WW WX WZ XX XZ ZZ AA AD AF AX BC BF BG BR CD CG CH CI CP CV CY DK DM DT EM EY GH GO KR KU KY MR MW MY V367 V380 V382 V389 V401 V404 V407 V439 V442 V444 V448 V453 V460 V470 V476 V477 V478 V482 V503 V517 V541 V548 V645 V700 V729 V751 V779 V819 V836 V973 V1016 V1027 V1028 V1057 V1061 V1073 V1143 V1154 V1191 V1264 V1276 V1318 V1322 V1329 V1331 V1334 V1339 V1351 V1362 V1372 V1500 V1504 V1507 V1515 V1584 V1619 V1668 V1671 V1676 V1696 V1719 V1726 V1743 V1762 V1764 V1765 V1768 V1773 V1794 V1817 V1819 V1898 V1914 V1934 V1942 V1974 V1981 V2011 V2015 V2090 V2093 V2100 V2119 V2130 V2136 V2140 V2173 V2200 V2362 V2491

HR	7293 7311 7322 7341 7351 7419 7427 7444 7451 7465 7466 7468 7477 7481 7487 7492 7495 7499 7502 7505 7512 7514 7522 7526 7529 7530 7535 7543 7547 7555 7577 7583 7589 7591 7606 7611 7620 7626 7628 7632 7633 7634 7638 7640 7642 7646 7655 7683 7684 7687 7692 7697 7699 7726 7733 7734 7743 7752 7755 7756 7757 7759 7762 7767 7781 7784 7791 7795 7797 7798 7800 7802 7815 7818 7823 7827 7841 7843 7854 7860 7867 7876 7888 7904 7912 7916 7917 7919 7926 7958 7562 7966 7969 7972 7978 7996 7999 8003 8005 8023 8025 8026 8035 8036 8040 8051 8063 8064 8071 8072 8074 8078 8106 8107 8120 8126 8136 8138 8144 8147 8155 8161 8166 8169 8170 8182 8185 8193 8208 8216 8218 8220 8237 8242 8246 8248 8259 8261 8275 8290 8304 8306 8320 8336 8338 8345 8403

HD	185114 185269 185435 186506 187123 188753 190227 190429 190918 191612 191892 192281 192639 193077 193469 195592 195690 195987 197037 197406 198624 200030 200465 201345 202710 207119

Gliese	Gliese 777 Gliese 781 Gliese 806 Gliese 815

Kepler	5 6 11 15 16 17 18 22 23 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 56 61 66 67 68 69 70 78 80 86 89 186 223

Other	4U 2129+ 47 AFGL 2591 BD+30 3639 BD+40° 4124 BD+40° 4210 BD+43° 3654 Cygnus OB2 #8A Cygnus OB2 #9 Cygnus OB2 #12 Cygnus X-1 Cygnus X-2 Cygnus X-3 DR 21(OH) EXO 2030+ 375 G 208-44 G 208-45 GD 229 GD 394 HAT-P-7 HAT-P-11 HAT-P-17 IRAS 19475+3119 IRAS 20126+4104 KIC 8462852 KIC 11026764 KIC 12557548 KOI-74 KOI-81 KOI-256 KPD 1930+2752 LS II+ 34 26 MWC 349 NML Cygni PH1 PSR B1951+32 PSR B2016+28 PSR B2021+51 PSR B2111+46 PSR J2021+4026 PSR J2032+4127 RX J2117.1+3412 S106 IR WASP-48 W75N W75N(B)-VLA2 WR 130 WR 134 WR 135 WR 136 WR 137 WR 140 WR 141 WR 142 WR 145 WR 146 WR 147

Star
clusters

Association	Cygnus OB1 Cygnus OB2 Cygnus OB3 Cygnus OB7

Open	IC 4996 IC 5146 Messier 29 Messier 39 NGC 6811 NGC 6819 NGC 6834 NGC 6846 NGC 6866 NGC 6871 NGC 6883 NGC 6910 NGC 6991 NGC 6996 NGC 6997 NGC 7031 NGC 7044 NGC 7062 NGC 7063 NGC 7067 NGC 7082 NGC 7086 NGC 7127 NGC 7128

Molecular
clouds

Cygnus X (including DR 21)

Nebulae

Dark	IC 5146 L1014

H II	K 3-50 M 1-78 NGC 6847 NGC 6857 NGC 6914 North America Nebula Onsala 1 Pelican Nebula Sadr Region Sh2-101 Sh2-106

Planetary	Abell 78 Egg Nebula Hu 1-2 IC 5117 IRAS 19475+3119 IRAS 21282+5050 Kronberger 61 M1-92 NGC 6826 NGC 6833 NGC 6881 NGC 6884 NGC 6894 NGC 7008 NGC 7026 NGC 7027 NGC 7048

WR	Crescent Nebula

SNR	CTB 80 CTB 87 Cygnus Loop (including Veil Nebula) G78.2+2.1 HB 21

Galaxies

NGC	6764 6783 6798 6801 6824 6916 6946 7013 7116

Other	3C 438 Cygnus A QSO B2005+403 QSO B2013+370

Galaxy
clusters

Abell 2319
Cygnus A cluster

Other

3EG J2020+4017
SN 1908K
SN 2004et

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