Lawa people

Lawa
Total population
(17,000 (est.))
Regions with significant populations
Laos, Thailand
Languages
Lawa, others
Religion
Animism, Buddhism [1]

Lawa (Thai: ลัวะ or Thai: ละว้า; rtgs: Lawa) are an ethnic group in northern Thailand. The Lawa language is related to the Blang and the Wa language found in China and Burma, and belongs to the Palaungic languages, a branch of the Austroasiatic languages. Their population is estimated to be some 17,000.[2] The Western Lawa are found in the vicinity of Mae Sariang in the south of Mae Hong Son Province, the Eastern Lawa are centred on Bo Luang in Chiang Mai Province.[1][3]

Overview

The Lawa are sometimes mistaken for being the same people as the Lua of northern Laos and of Nan Province, Thailand, who are speakers of the more distantly related Khmuic languages. This problem is compounded by the Eastern Lawa of Chiang Mai Province preferring to be called Lua by outsiders, and by the Thai people generally referring to speakers of these different Palaungic languages as Lua.[3][4]

Today, those Lawa who have not been integrated in mainstream Thai society, still live a traditional way of life, often professing animism. As with the other mountain ethnic groups of Thailand, they are known for extraordinary craft skills, especially for being ironsmiths.[1]

History

According to certain traditions the Lawa are one of the oldest people groups in Thailand.[2] In the 5th to 10th century the Lawa people also lived in Central Thailand, and, together with the Mon, were the inhabitants of present-day Lopburi. The name "Lopburi" is said to have been derived from "Lawaburi", and the city formed the core of an early kingdom in what is now Thailand, the Lavo Kingdom, which existed from the 7th century CE until it was incorporated into the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1388 CE.[5][6]

The Lawa inhabited cities which were located down in the valleys before the arrival of the Tai people. For instance, the Lawa city of Wiang Nophaburi is where king Mangrai founded his new city of Chiang Mai.[7]

The Lawa in northern Thai legends

The Lawa people are mentioned extensively in northern Thai legends, mainly in connection with the founding of its cities. The 15th century CE book Cāmadevivaṃsa by the Chiang Mai monk Bodhiramsi, relates how the Mon Queen Camadevi, a princess of the Lavo Kingdom, established the city of Haripunchai (present-day Lamphun) in the 7th century CE and is attacked by Vilanga, king of the Lawa, with 80,000 soldiers. After his defeat, she marries her two sons to the two daughters of the Lawa king, after which the two kingdoms become allies.[8]

The founding of the city state of Ngoenyang in the 8th century CE, of which Mangrai was a prince before establishing the Lanna Kingdom in the 13th century, is also attributed to the Lawa in the Doi Tung story.[9]

See also

Further reading

Nahhas, Ramzi W (2011) Sociolinguistic Survey of Lawa in Thailand

References

  1. 1 2 3 http://reninc.org/bookshelf/hilltribes_of_northern.pdf
  2. 1 2 Somchit. "The Lawa Hilltribe". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  3. 1 2 http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/33/89/43/33894368593744268318445295670982885176/silesr2011_044.pdf
  4. ↑ http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/the_journal_of_the_siam_society_vol._lxxvii_part_1-2_1989.pdf
  5. ↑ John Pike. "Thailand - 500-1000 - Lavo / Lopburi". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "The Kingdom of Syam". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  7. ↑ Chiangrai Province Archived July 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ Hilary A. Disch: A New Vision: Chamari, Chamadewi, and Female Sovereignty in Northern Thailand, page 27, 39
  9. ↑ Chris Baker: From Yue to Tai, Journal of the Siam society 90.1 & 2, 2002, page 12
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, April 21, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.