List of administrative divisions of Yunnan

Yunnan Province
Province
Capital: Kunming
Prefectural level divisions
Prefectural cities 8
Autonomous prefectures 8
County level divisions
County cities 14
Counties 71
Autonomous counties 29
Districts 15
Township level divisions
Towns 567
Townships 677
Ethnic townships 155
Subdistricts 56

Yunnan, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following administrative divisions.

Administrative divisions

All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at political divisions of China.

Prefecture levelCounty Level
NameChineseHanyu PinyinDivision code[1]
Kunming City
昆明市
Kūnmíng Shì
(Capital)
(5301)
Wuhua District 五华区 Wǔhuá Qū 530102
Panlong District 盘龙区 Pánlóng Qū 530103
Guandu District 官渡区 Guāndù Qū 530111
Xishan District 西山区 Xīshān Qū 530112
Dongchuan District 东川区 Dōngchuān Qū 530113
Chenggong District 呈贡区 Chénggòng Qū 530114
Jinning County 晋宁县 Jìnníng Xiàn 530122
Fumin County 富民县 Fùmín Xiàn 530124
Yiliang County 宜良县 Yíliáng Xiàn 530125
Shilin Yi Autonomous County 石林彝族自治县 Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 530126
Songming County 嵩明县 Sōngmíng Xiàn 530127
Luquan Yi and Miao
Autonomous County
禄劝彝族
苗族自治县
Lùquàn Yízú
Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
530128
Xundian Hui and Yi
Autonomous County
寻甸回族
彝族自治县
Xúndiàn Huízú
Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
530129
Anning City 安宁市 Ānníng Shì 530181
Qujing City
曲靖市
Qǔjìng Shì
(5303)
Qilin District 麒麟区 Qílín Qū 530302
Zhanyi District 沾益区 Zhānyì Qū 530303
Malong County 马龙县 Mǎlóng Xiàn 530321
Luliang County 陆良县 Lùliáng Xiàn 530322
Shizong County 师宗县 Shīzōng Xiàn 530323
Luoping County 罗平县 Luópíng Xiàn 530324
Fuyuan County 富源县 Fùyuán Xiàn 530325
Huize County 会泽县 Huìzé Xiàn 530326
Xuanwei City 宣威市 Xuānwēi Shì 530381
Yuxi City
玉溪市
Yùxī Shì
(5304)
Hongta District 红塔区 Hóngtǎ Qū 530402
Jiangchuan District 江川区 Jiāngchuān Qū 530403
Chengjiang County 澄江县 Chéngjiāng Xiàn 530422
Tonghai County 通海县 Tōnghǎi Xiàn 530423
Huaning County 华宁县 Huáníng Xiàn 530424
Yimen County 易门县 Yìmén Xiàn 530425
Eshan Yi Autonomous County 峨山彝族自治县 Éshān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 530426
Xinping Yi and Dai
Autonomous County
新平彝族
傣族自治县
Xīnpíng Yízú
Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn
530427
Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai
Autonomous County
元江哈尼族彝族
傣族自治县
Yuánjiāng Hānízú Yízú
Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn
530428
Baoshan City
保山市
Bǎoshān Shì
(5305)
Longyang District 隆阳区 Lóngyáng Qū 530502
Shidian County 施甸县 Shīdiàn Xiàn 530521
Longling County 龙陵县 Lónglíng Xiàn 530523
Changning County 昌宁县 Chāngníng Xiàn 530524
Tengchong City 腾冲县 Téngchōng Xiàn 530581
Zhaotong City
昭通市
Zhāotōng Shì
(5306)
Zhaoyang District 昭阳区 Zhāoyáng Qū 530602
Ludian County 鲁甸县 Lǔdiàn Xiàn 530621
Qiaojia County 巧家县 Qiǎojiā Xiàn 530622
Yanjin County 盐津县 Yánjīn Xiàn 530623
Daguan County 大关县 Dàguān Xiàn 530624
Yongshan County 永善县 Yǒngshàn Xiàn 530625
Suijiang County 绥江县 Suíjiāng Xiàn 530626
Zhenxiong County 镇雄县 Zhènxióng Xiàn 530627
Yiliang County 彝良县 Yíliáng Xiàn 530628
Weixin County 威信县 Wēixìn Xiàn 530629
Shuifu County 水富县 Shuǐfù Xiàn 530630
Lijiang City
丽江市
Lìjiāng Shì
(5307)
Gucheng District 古城区 Gǔchéng Qū 530702
Yulong Naxi Autonomous County 玉龙纳西族自治县 Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn 530721
Yongsheng County 永胜县 Yǒngshèng Xiàn 530722
Huaping County 华坪县 Huápíng Xiàn 530723
Ninglang Yi Autonomous County 宁蒗彝族自治县 Nínglàng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 530724
Pu'er City
普洱市
Pǔ'ěr Shì
(5308)
Simao District 思茅区 Sīmáo Qū 530802
Ning'er Hani and Yi
Autonomous County
宁洱哈尼族
彝族自治县
Níng'ěr Hānízú
Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
530821
Mojiang Hani Autonomous County 墨江哈尼族自治县 Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn 530822
Jingdong Yi Autonomous County 景东彝族自治县 Jǐngdōng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 530823
Jinggu Dai and Yi
Autonomous County
景谷傣族
彝族自治县
Jǐnggǔ Dǎizú
Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
530824
Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu
Autonomous County
镇沅彝族哈尼族
拉祜族自治县
Zhènyuán Yízú Hānízú
Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn
530825
Jiangcheng Hani and Yi
Autonomous County
江城哈尼族
彝族自治县
Jiāngchéng Hānízú
Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
530826
Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va
Autonomous County
孟连傣族拉祜族
佤族自治县
Mènglián Dǎizú Lāhùzú
Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn
530827
Lancang Lahu Autonomous County 澜沧拉祜族自治县 Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn 530828
Ximeng Va Autonomous County 西盟佤族自治县 Xīméng Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn 530829
Lincang City
临沧市
Líncāng Shì
(5309)
Linxiang District 临翔区 Línxiáng Qū 530902
Fengqing County 凤庆县 Fèngqìng Xiàn 530921
Yun County 云县 Yúnxiàn 530922
Yongde County 永德县 Yǒngdé Xiàn 530923
Zhenkang County 镇康县 Zhènkāng Xiàn 530924
Shuangjiang Lahu, Va, Blang
and Dai Autonomous County
双江拉祜族佤族
布朗族傣族自治县
Shuāngjiāng Lāhùzú Wǎzú
Bùlǎngzú ǎizú Zìzhìxiàn
530925
Gengma Dai and Va
Autonomous County
耿马傣族
佤族自治县
Gěngmǎ Dǎizú
Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn
530926
Cangyuan Va Autonomous County 沧源佤族自治县 Cāngyuán Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn 530927
Chuxiong Yi
Autonomous Prefecture

楚雄彝族自治州
Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
(5323)
Chuxiong City 楚雄市 Chǔxióng Shì 532301
Shuangbai County 双柏县 Shuāngbǎi Xiàn 532322
Mouding County 牟定县 Móudìng Xiàn 532323
Nanhua County 南华县 Nánhuá Xiàn 532324
Yao'an County 姚安县 Yáo'ān Xiàn 532325
Dayao County 大姚县 Dàyáo Xiàn 532326
Yongren County 永仁县 Yǒngrén Xiàn 532327
Yuanmou County 元谋县 Yuánmóu Xiàn 532328
Wuding County 武定县 Wǔdìng Xiàn 532329
Lufeng County 禄丰县 Lùfēng Xiàn 532331
Honghe Hani and Yi
Autonomous Prefecture

红河哈尼族彝族自治州
Hónghé Hānízú
Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
(5325)
Gejiu City 个旧市 Gèjiù Shì 532501
Kaiyuan City 开远市 Kāiyuǎn Shì 532502
Mengzi City 蒙自市 Měngzì Xiàn 532503
Mile City 弥勒市 Mílè Shì 532504
Pingbian Miao Autonomous County 屏边苗族自治县 Píngbiān Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn 532523
Jianshui County 建水县 Jiànshuǐ Xiàn 532524
Shiping County 石屏县 Shípíng Xiàn 532525
Luxi County 泸西县 Lúxī Xiàn 532527
Yuanyang County 元阳县 Yuányáng Xiàn 532528
Honghe County 红河县 Hónghé Xiàn 532529
Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai
Autonomous County
金平苗族瑶族
傣族自治县
Jīnpíng Miáozú Yáozú
Dǎizú ìzhìxiàn
532530
Lüchun County 绿春县 Lǜchūn Xiàn 532531
Hekou Yao Autonomous County 河口瑶族自治县 Hékǒu Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn 532532
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao
Autonomous Prefecture

文山壮族苗族自治州
Wénshān Zhuàngzú
Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
(5326)
Wenshan City 文山市 Wénshān Xiàn 532601
Yanshan County 砚山县 Yànshān Xiàn 532622
Xichou County 西畴县 Xīchóu Xiàn 532623
Malipo County 麻栗坡县 Málìpō Xiàn 532624
Maguan County 马关县 Mǎguān Xiàn 532625
Qiubei County 丘北县 Qiūběi Xiàn 532626
Guangnan County 广南县 Guǎngnán Xiàn 532627
Funing County 富宁县 Fùníng Xiàn 532628
Xishuangbanna Dai
Autonomous Prefecture

西双版纳傣族自治州
Xīshuāngbǎnnà
Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu
(5328)
Jinghong City 景洪市 Jǐnghóng Shì 532801
Menghai County 勐海县 Měnghǎi Xiàn 532822
Mengla County 勐腊县 Měnglà Xiàn 532823
Dali Bai
Autonomous Prefecture

大理白族自治州
Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu
(5329)
Dali City 大理市 Dàlǐ Shì 532901
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County 漾濞彝族自治县 Yàngbì Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 532922
Xiangyun County 祥云县 Xiángyún Xiàn 532923
Binchuan County 宾川县 Bīnchuān Xiàn 532924
Midu County 弥渡县 Mídù Xiàn 532925
Nanjian Yi Autonomous County 南涧彝族自治县 Nánjiàn Yízú Zìzhìxiàn 532926
Weishan Yi and Hui
Autonomous County
巍山彝族
回族自治县
Wēishān Yízú
Huízú Zìzhìxiàn
532927
Yongping County 永平县 Yǒngpíng Xiàn 532928
Yunlong County 云龙县 Yúnlóng Xiàn 532929
Eryuan County 洱源县 Ěryuán Xiàn 532930
Jianchuan County 剑川县 Jiànchuān Xiàn 532931
Heqing County 鹤庆县 Hèqìng Xiàn 532932
Dehong Dai and Jingpo
Autonomous Prefecture

德宏傣族景颇族自治州
Déhóng Dǎizú
Jǐngpōzú Zìzhìzhōu
(5331)
Ruili City 瑞丽市 Ruìlì Shì 533102
Mang City 芒市 Mángshì 533103
Lianghe County 梁河县 Liánghé Xiàn 533122
Yingjiang County 盈江县 Yíngjiāng Xiàn 533123
Longchuan County 陇川县 Lǒngchuān Xiàn 533124
Nujiang Lisu
Autonomous Prefecture

怒江傈僳族自治州
Nùjiāng Lìsùzú Zìzhìzhōu
(5333)
Lushui County 泸水县 Lúshuǐ Xiàn 533321
Fugong County 福贡县 Fúgòng Xiàn 533323
Gongshan Derung and Nu
Autonomous County
贡山独龙族
怒族自治县
Gòngshān Dúlóngzú
Nùzú Zìzhìxiàn
533324
Lanping Bai and Pumi
Autonomous County
兰坪白族
普米族自治县
Lánpíng Báizú
Pǔmǐzú Zìzhìxiàn
533325
Dêqên Tibetan
Autonomous Prefecture

迪庆藏族自治州
Díqìng Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
(5334)
Shangri-La City 香格里拉市 Xiānggélǐlā Shì 533401
Dêqên County 德钦县 Déqīn Xiàn 533422
Weixi Lisu Autonomous County 维西傈僳族自治县 Wéixī Lìsùzú Zìzhìxiàn 533423

Recent changes in administrative divisions

Date Before After Note Reference[2][3]
1981-01-18 parts of Zhaotong County Zhaotong (PC-City) established
1981-05-09 parts of Pu'er County Simao County established
1981-08-14 Shuifu (CC-District) Shuifu County downgraded
parts of Yanjin County merged into
parts of Suijiang County merged into
1981-11-18 Kaiyuan County Kaiyuan (PC-City) upgraded
1983-01-18 all Province-controlled city (P-City) → Prefecture-level city (PL-City) MoCA Announcement
all Prefecture-controlled city/town (PC-City/Town) → County-level city/town (CL-City/Town)
1983-09-09 parts of Qujing Prefecture Kunming (PL-City) transferred
↳ Yiliang County ↳ Yiliang County transferred
↳ Songming County ↳ Songming County transferred
↳ Lunan County (Aut.) ↳ Lunan County (Aut.) transferred
parts of Chuxiong Prefecture (Aut.) Kunming (PL-City) transferred
↳ Luquan County ↳ Luquan County transferred
Zhaotong County Zhaotong (CL-City) merged into
Qujing County Qujing (CL-City) upgraded
Zhanyi County merged into
Yuxi County Yuxi (CL-City) upgraded
Baoshan County Baoshan (CL-City) upgraded
Dali County Dali (CL-City) upgraded
Xiaguan (CL-City) merged into
1985-01-31 Wanding (CL-Town) Wanding (CL-City) upgraded
1985-06-11 Shuangjiang County Shuangjiang County (Aut.) upgraded
Weixi County Weixi County (Aut.) upgraded
Jingdong County Jingdong County (Aut.) upgraded
Jinggu County Jinggu County (Aut.) upgraded
Pu'er County Pu'er County (Aut.) upgraded
Yangbi County Yangbi County (Aut.) upgraded
Luquan County Luquan County (Aut.) upgraded
Jinping County Jinping County (Aut.) upgraded
1986-09-24 Bishan County Lushui County dissolved & merged into
Fugong County dissolved & merged into
1987-11-27 Lanping County Lanping County (aut.) upgraded
1990-02-03 Zhenyuan County Zhenyuan County (Aut.) upgraded
1992-06-26 Ruili County Ruili (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[1992]69
1993-03-25 Simao County Simao (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[1993]61
1993-12-22 Jinghong County Jinghong (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[1993]256
1994-02-18 Xuanwei County Xuanwei (CL-City) upgraded
1995-10-13 Anning County Anning (CL-City) upgraded
1996-10-28 Luxi County Luxi (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[1996]80
1997-05-06 Qujing Prefecture Qujing (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[1997]32
Qujing (CL-City) Qilin District dissolved & established
Zhanyi County dissolved & established
1997-12-13 Yuxi Prefecture Yuxi (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[1997]108
Yuxi (CL-City) Hongta District dissolved & established
1998-10-08 Lunan County (Aut.) Shilin County (Aut.) renamed
1998-12-06 Dongchuan (PL-City) Kunming (PL-City) dissolved & merged into
↳ Dongchuan District downgraded & transferred
parts of Qujing (CL-City) Kunming (PL-City) transferred
↳ Xundian County (Aut.) ↳ Xundian County (Aut.) transferred
1999-01-02 Wanding (CL-City) Ruili (CL-City) merged into Guohan[1999]1
2000-12-30 Baoshan Prefecture Baoshan (PL-City) upgraded
Baoshan (CL-City) Longyang District upgraded
2001-01-30 Zhaotong Prefecture Zhaotong (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[2001]6
Zhaotong (CL-City) Zhaoyang District upgraded
2001-12-17 Zhongdian County Shangri-La County renamed Minhan[2001]348
2002-12-26 Lijiang Prefecture Lijiang (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[2002]122
Lijiang (CL-City) Gucheng District upgraded
Lijiang County (Aut.) Yulong County (Aut.) renamed
2003-10-30 Simao Prefecture Simao (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[2003]113
Simao (CL-City) Cuiyun District upgraded
2003-10-30 Lincang Prefecture Lincang (PL-City) upgraded Guohan[2003]136
Lincang (CL-City) Linxiang District upgraded
2007-01-21 Simao (PL-City) Pu'er (PL-City) renamed Guohan[2007]8
Cuiyun District Simao District renamed
Pu'er County (Aut.) Ning'er County (Aut.) renamed
2010-07-20 Luxi (CL-City) Mang (CL-City) renamed Guohan[2010]166
2010-09-10 Mengzi County Mengzi (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[2010]219
2010-12-02 Wenshan County Wenshan (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[2010]295
2011-05-20 Chenggong County Chenggong District upgraded Guohan[2011]58
2013-01-24 Mile County Mile (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[2013]29
2014-12-16 Shangri-La County Shangri-La (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[2014]375
2015-08-01 Tengchong County Tengchong (CL-City) upgraded Minhan[2015]248
2015-12-03 Jiangchuan County Jiangchuan District upgraded Guohan[2015]208
2016-03-?? Zhanyi County Zhanyi District upgraded

Population composition

Prefectures

Prefecture 2010 2000
Kunming 6,432,212 5,781,294
Qujing 5855,055 5,466,100
Yuxi 2,303,511 2,073,005
Baoshan 2,506,491 2,348,315
Zhaotong 5,213,533 4,592,388
Lijiang 1,244,769 1,126,646
Pu'er 2,542,898 2,395,248
Lincang 2,429,505 2,228,785
Dehong 1,211,440 1,071,300
Nujiang 534,337 491,824
Dêqên 400,182 353,518
Dali 3,456,000 3,297,000
Chuxiong 2,684,174 2,542,465
Honghe 4,501,000 4,130,500
Wenshan 3,517,941 3,268,553
Xishuangbanna 1,133,515 993,397

Counties

NamePrefecture2010
Wuhua Kunming 855,521
Panlong Kunming 809,881
Guandu Kunming 853,371
Xishan Kunming 753,813
Dongchuan Kunming 271,917
Chenggong Kunming 310,843
Jinning Kunming 283,784
Fumin Kunming 145,554
Yiliang Kunming 419,400
Songming Kunming 287,095
Shilin Kunming 246,220
Luquan Kunming 396,404
Xundian Kunming 457,068
Anning Kunming 341,341
Qilin Qujing 740,747
Malong Qujing 184,989
Luliang Qujing 622,397
Shizong Qujing 392,361
Luoping Qujing 549,680
Fuyuan Qujing 722,640
Huize Qujing 908,292
Zhanyi Qujing 431,058
Xuanwei Qujing 1,302,891
Hongta Yuxi 495,129
Jiangchuan Yuxi 280,889
Chengjiang Yuxi 169,366
Tonghai Yuxi 300,800
Huaning Yuxi 214,650
Yimen Yuxi 177,110
Eshan Yuxi 162,831
Xinping Yuxi 285,344
Yuanjiang Yuxi 217,392
Longyang Baoshan 935,618
Shidian Baoshan 305,223
Tengchong Baoshan 644,765
Longling Baoshan 277,319
Changning Baoshan 343,566
Zhaoyang Zhaotong 787,845
Ludian Zhaotong 390,654
Qiaojia Zhaotong 516,349
Yanjin Zhaotong 369,881
Daguan Zhaotong 263,225
Yongshan Zhaotong 394,267
Suijiang Zhaotong 153,091
Zhenxiong Zhaotong 1,328,375
Yiliang Zhaotong 521,838
Weixin Zhaotong 385,865
Shuifu Zhaotong 102,143
Gucheng Lijiang 211,151
Yulong Lijiang 214,697
Yongsheng Lijiang 392,024
Huaping Lijiang 168,028
Ninglang Lijiang 258,869
Simao Pu'er 296,500
Ning'er Pu'er 185,700
Mojiang Pu'er 360,500
Jingdong Pu'er 359,500
Jinggu Pu'er 291,700
Zhenyuan Pu'er 208,600
Jiangcheng Pu'er 121,500
Menglian Pu'er 135,500
Lancang Pu'er 491,900
Ximeng Pu'er 91,300
Linxiang Lincang 323,708
Fengqing Lincang 458,330
Yun(xian) Lincang 449,460
Yongde Lincang 369,702
Zhenkang Lincang 176,356
Shuangjiang Lincang 176,549
Gengma Lincang 296,302
Cangyuan Lincang 179,098
Chuxiong Chuxiong 588,620
Shuangbai Chuxiong 159,867
Mouding Chuxiong 208,726
Nanhua Chuxiong 236,138
Yao'an Chuxiong 197,676
Dayao Chuxiong 273,315
Yongren Chuxiong 109,304
Yuanmou Chuxiong 215,795
Wuding Chuxiong 271,963
Lufeng Chuxiong 422,770
Mengzi Honghe 417,200
Gejiu Honghe 459,800
Kaiyuan Honghe 322,700
Mile Honghe 539,700
Shiping Honghe 299,100
Jianshui Honghe 531,500
Luxi(xian) Honghe 400,700
Yuanyang Honghe 396,800
Honghe Honghe 296,500
Lüchun Honghe 222,200
Pingbian Honghe 154,000
Jinping Honghe 356,200
Hekou Honghe 104,600
Wenshan Wenshan 481,504
Yanshan Wenshan 463,264
Xichou Wenshan 255,286
Malipo Wenshan 277,960
Maguan Wenshan 367,507
Qiubei Wenshan 477,441
Guangnan Wenshan 787,449
Funing Wenshan 407,530
Jinghong Xishuangbanna 519,935
Menghai Xishuangbanna 331,850
Mengla Xishuangbanna 281,730
Dali Dali 652,000
Xiangyun Dali 456,000
Binchuan Dali 349,000
Midu Dali 313,000
Yongping Dali 175,000
Yunlong Dali 200,000
Eryuan Dali 268,000
Jianchuan Dali 170,000
Heqing Dali 255,000
Yangbi Dali 102,000
Nanjian Dali 212,000
Weishan Dali 304,000
Ruili Dehong 180,627
Luxi(shi) → Mang(shi) Dehong 389,891
Lianghe Dehong 154,175
Yingjiang Dehong 305,167
Longchuan Dehong 181,580
Lushui Nujiang 184,835
Fugong Nujiang 98,616
Gongshan Nujiang 37,894
Lanping Nujiang 212,992
Shangri-La Dêqên 172,988
Dêqên Dêqên 66,589
Weixi Dêqên 160,605

List of autonomous subdivisions by ethnic group

Major Autonomous areas within Yunnan. (excluding Hui)

There are 29 autonomous counties and 8 autonomous prefectures assigned to 18 different ethnic minorities in Yunnan.

Yi (15 counties, 2 prefectures)
Hui (2 counties)
Miao (3 counties, 1 prefecture)
Yao (2 counties)
Zhuang (1 prefecture)
Dai (6 counties, 2 prefectures)
Lahu (4 counties)
Hani (5 counties, 1 prefecture)
Wa (5 counties)
Bulang (1 county)
Jingpo (1 prefecture)
Bai (1 county, 1 prefecture)
Lisu (1 county, 1 prefecture)
Naxi (1 county)
Pumi (1 county)
Dulong (1 county)
Nu (1 county)
Tibetan (1 prefecture)

References

  1. 最新县及县以上行政区划代码(截止2014年10月31日)
  2. "中华人民共和国行政区划沿革 (1949-2006)". www.gov.cn. Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  3. "县级以上行政区划变更情况 (1999-present)". www.mca.gov.cn. Ministry of Civial Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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