List of conflicts in Egypt

Location of Egypt

A map of Egypt

Primeval Times

Prehistoric Egypt

• c. 12,376 BCE^[1] Battle at Cemetery 117^[2]

Ancient Times

Early Dynastic Period of Egypt

• c. 3100 BCE Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt^[3]

The nomes of Ancient Egypt, in lower Egypt

The nomes of Ancient Egypt, in upper Egypt

Arch Period of Egypt

• c. 3050 BCE Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of Egypt, led a campaign against the Nubians.^[4]
• c. 2890 BCE After the death of Qa'a, the last pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt, a short war may have occurred for the throne of Egypt, ending with the accession of Hotepsekhemwy.^[5][6][7][8]
• c. 2690 BCE Khasekhemwy reunited Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt after a short period of political fragmentation.^[9][10]

Old Kingdom of Egypt

• c. 2670 BCE Djoser, the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Egypt, dispatched several military expeditions to the Sinai Peninsula, during which the local inhabitants were subdued

First Intermediate Period of Egypt

• c. 2150 BCE The 4.2 kiloyear event triggered famines, social disorder, and fragmentation.^[11]
• c. 2140 BCE During the reign of the pharaoh Neferkare III, the nomarch of Hieraconopolis Ankhtifi, led a coalition of his nome and Edfu against Thebes.
• c. 2120 BCE Mentuhotep I and Sehertawy Intef I, independent rulers at Thebes in the early eleventh dynasty of Egypt, had soldiers fighting the Coptite nomarch Tjauti, and the subsequent defeat of Tjauti ultimately put Koptos, Dendera and the three nomes of Hierakonpolis under Theban control, expanding the Theban kingdom 250 km northward with a border near Abydos.
• c. 2075 BCE The pharaoh Akhtoy Nebkaure sacked Thinis

Middle Kingdom of Egypt

• c. 2061 — 2010 BCE Campaigns of Mentuhotep II
  • Reunification of Egypt
  • Military activities outside of Egypt
• c. 1705 — 1648 BCE After the death of the sixth pharaoh of the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nehesy Aasehre, the 14th dynasty continued to rule in the Nile River Delta region of Lower Egypt with a number of ephemeral or short-lived rulers until 1650 BCE when the Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt conquered the Delta.^[12]
  • c. 1648 BCE Salitis became the first king of the Hyksos to rule Lower Egypt.

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

• c. 1705 — 1648 BCE After the death of the sixth pharaoh of the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nehesy Aasehre, the 14th dynasty continued to rule in the Nile River Delta region of Lower Egypt with a number of ephemeral or short-lived rulers until 1650 BCE when the Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt conquered the Delta.^[12]
• c. 1649 BCE the Hyksos conquer Memphis, putting an end to the 13th Dynasty.
  • c. 1648 BCE Salitis became the first king of the Hyksos to rule Lower Egypt.
• c. 1649 — 1600 BCE the Hyksos progress south conquering Middle Egypt, then controlled by the Abydos Dynasty or the 16th Dynasty.
• c. 1629 — 1628 BCE Neferhotep III gotrtainly embroiled in a defensive war against the Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt, which would ultimately overrun the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt state.
• c. 1582 BCE Final Theban offensive of Hyksos who conquer Thebes ending the 16th Dynasty.
  • c. 1580 BCE The Hyksos withdraw from Thebes abandoning it to the 17th Dynasty.
• c. 1560 — 1540 BCE The 17th Dynasty at war with the Hyksos.
  • c. 1560 — 1558 BCE Under Seqenenre Tao
  • c. 1555 — 1550 BCE Under Kamose
    • Northern Campaign
    • First Nubian Campaign
  • c. 1539 — 1514 BCE Under Ahmose
    • Campaigns of Ahmose I
      • Conquest of the Hyksos
      • Foreign campaigns

New Kingdom of Egypt

• c. 1282 BCE Seti's military campaigns

Egyptian Empire

• 1206 — 1150 BCE Bronze Age collapse causes the collapse of the New Kingdom of Egypt and subsequent attacks from Libyans, with associated people of Ekwesh, Shekelesh, Lukka, Shardana and Tursha or Teresh possibly Troas. A second attack during the reign of Ramesses III involved Peleset, Tjeker, Shardana and Denyen.
  • c. 1178 or 1175 BCE Egyptian-Sea People wars
    • c. 1178 BCE or 1175 BCE Battle of the Delta
    • c. 1178 BCE or 1175 BCE Battle of Djahy

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

• 925 BCE Battle of Bitter Lakes
• 752 — 721 BCE Conquest of Egypt

Assyrian Egypt

• 681 — 661 BCE Campaigns of King Esarhaddon of Assyria
  • 661 BCE Egypt is conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire
• 530 — 522 BCE Campaigns of King Cambyses II of Persia
  • 525 BCE Battle of Pelusium

First Achaemenid Period of Egypt

• 530 — 522 BCE Campaigns of King Cambyses II of Persia
  • 525 BCE Battle of Pelusium

A possible depiction of the path of Cambyses II, Phanes of Halicarnassus, and Amasis II's forces sent after Phanes; Note: The itinerary paths depicted are supposed and by no meansrtain. Persian forces - black line, Phanes of Halicarnassus - blue line, and Egyptians - red line.

• 411 BC BCE Amyrtaeus revolted against Darius II of the Achaemenid Empire, leading a guerrilla action in the western Nile Delta around his home city of Sais.

Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt

• 411 BC BCE Amyrtaeus revolted against Darius II of the Achaemenid Empire, leading a guerrilla action in the western Nile Delta around his home city of Sais.

Second Achaemenid Period of Egypt

• 369 BCE Pelusium was attacked and taken by the Persians
• 335 — 323 BCE Wars of Alexander the Great
  • 333 BCE Pelusium opened its gates to Alexander the Great, who placed a garrison in it under the command of one of those officers entitled Companions of the King

Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt

• 335 — 323 BCE Wars of Alexander the Great
  • 333 BCE Pelusium opened its gates to Alexander the Great, who placed a garrison in it under the command of one of those officers entitled Companions of the King
• 173 BCE Antiochus Epiphanes utterly defeated the troops of Ptolemy Philometor under the walls of Pelusium, which he took and retained after he had retired from the rest of Egypt
• 55 BCE Again belonging to Egypt, Mark Antony, as cavalry general to the Roman proconsul Gabinius, defeated the Egyptian army, and made himself master of the city.
• January 10, 49 BCE — March 17, 45 BCE Caesar's Civil War
  • 48 — 47 BCE Siege of Alexandria
  • 47 BCE Battle of the Nile
• 32 — August 30 BCE Final War of the Roman Republic
  • July 31, 30 BCE — August 1, 30 BCE Battle of Alexandria

Roman Province of Egypt

Expansion of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire, and the Eastern Roman Empire

• 32 BCE — August 30 BCE Final War of the Roman Republic
  • July 31, 30 BCE — August 1, 30 BCE Battle of Alexandria
• 115 — 117 CE Kitos War

Medieval Times

Byzantine Diocese of Egypt

• 618 — 621 Sassanid conquest of Egypt
  • 619 Siege of Alexandria

Sassanid Empire

• 618 — 621 Sassanid conquest of Egypt
  • 619 Siege of Alexandria

Rashidun Caliphate

Map detailing the route of the Muslims' invasion of Egypt.

• 639 — 642 Muslim conquest of Egypt
  • 639 Siege of Arish
  • 640 Siege of Pelusium
  • 640 Siege of Bilbies
  • 640 Siege of Babylon Fortress
  • 640 Battle of Lahun
  • 640 Battle of Fayoum
  • 640 Battle of Oxyrhynchus
  • July 6, 640 Battle of Heliopolis
  • 641 Battle of Tarnut
  • 641 Battle of Sulteis
  • 641 Battle of Kirayun
  • 641 Siege of Alexandria
  • 645 Battle of Alexandria
  • 646 Battle of Nikiou
  • 646 Battle of Alexandria
  • 654 Battle of Alexandria

Expansion of Rashidun Caliphate

Abbasid Caliphate

• 809 — 827 Great Abbasid Civil War

Fatimid Caliphate

• 969 The Fatimid general Jawhar conquered Egypt

Ayyubid dynasty

• 1171 — 1172 Ayyubids Conquest of North Africa and Nubia
  • 1172 Aswan Siege
  • Ibrim coquest & Northern Nubia
• 1,095 — 1272 The Crusades
  • 1213 — 1221 Fifth Crusade
    • 1218 — 1219 Siege of Damietta
  • 1248 — 1254 Seventh Crusade
    • June 6, 1249 Siege of Damietta
    • February 8, 1250 — February 11, 1250 Battle of Al Mansurah
    • April 6, 1250 Battle of Fariskur

Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

• October 9, 1,365 — October 12, 1,365 Alexandrian Crusade

Modern Times

Eyalet of Egypt

• 1538 — 1557 Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts
• 1609 — 1610 Egypt Eyalet civil war
• 1631 — 1656 Ridwin Bey de facto authority
• April 20, 1792 — March 25, 1802 French Revolutionary Wars
  • May 1798 — December 1798 Mediterranean campaign
    • 1798 — 1801 French campaign in Egypt and Syria
      • July 13, 1798 Battle of Shubra Khit
      • July 21, 1798 Battle of the Pyramids
      • August 1, 1798 — August 3, 1798 Battle of the Nile
      • October 21, 1798 Revolt of Cairo
      • July 25, 1799 Battle of Abukir
      • February 19, 1799 Siege of El Arish
      • March 20, 1800 Battle of Heliopolis
      • March 8, 1801 Battle of Abukir
      • March 13, 1801 Battle of Mandora
      • March 21, 1801 Battle of Alexandria
      • 1801 Siege of Cairo
      • August 17, 1801 — September 2, 1801 Siege of Alexandria
• May 18, 1803 — November 20, 1815 Napoleonic Wars
  • 1807 — 1809 Anglo-Turkish War
    • 1807 Alexandria expedition

Egypt under Muhammad Ali Dynasty

Khedivate of Egypt

• February 1820 Siwa Oasis battle
• 1824 Native rebellion broke out in Upper Egypt headed by Ahmed, an inhabitant of al-Salimiyyah, a village situated a few miles above Thebes. He proclaimed himself a prophet, and was soon followed by between 20,000 and 30,000 insurgents, mostly peasants, but some of them deserters from the Nizam Gedid, for that force was yet in a half-organized state. The insurrection was crushed by Muhammad Ali, and about one fourth of Ahmad's followers perished, but he himself escaped.
• 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War
  • July 11, 1882 — July 13, 1882 Bombardment of Alexandria
  • June 1882 — July 1882 Egyptian Expedition
  • 1882 Battle of Kassassin
  • 1882 Battle of Kafr el-Dawwar
  • September 13, 1882 Battle of Tel al-Kebir
• 1881 — 1899 Mahdist War
  • August 3, 1889 Battle of Toski

Sultanate of Egypt

• July 28, 1914 — November 11, 1918 World War I
  • October 29, 1914 — October 30, 1918 Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
    • January 28, 1915 — October 30, 1918 Sinai and Palestine Campaign
      • January 26, 1915 — February 4, 1915 Raid on the Suez Canal
      • April 23, 1916 Battle of Katia
      • August 3, 1916 — August 5, 1916 Battle of Romani
      • December 23, 1916 Battle of Magdhaba
      • January 9, 1917 Battle of Rafa
      • February 13, 1917 — February 21, 1917 Raid on Nekhl

Kingdom of Egypt

• September 1, 1939 — September 2, 1945 World War II
  • June 10, 1940 — May 2, 1945 Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
    • June 10, 1940 — May 13, 1943 North African Campaign
      • June 11, 1940 — February 4, 1943 Western Desert Campaign
        • September 9, 1940 — September 16, 1940 Italian invasion of Egypt
        • December 9, 1940 — February 9, 1941 Operation Compass
        • February 4, 1942 Abdeen Palace Incident
        • July 1, 1942 — July 27, 1942 First Battle of El Alamein
        • August 30, 1942 — September 5, 1942 Battle of Alam Halfa
        • October 11, 1942 — November 23, 1942 Second Battle of El Alamein
• May 15, 1948 — March 10, 1949 Arab–Israeli War
  • December 1948 — January 1949 Battles of the Sinai

Republic of Egypt

• July 23, 1952 Egyptian Revolution
• November 2, 1955 — November 3, 1955 Operation Volcano (Israeli raid)
• October 29, 1956 — November 7, 1956 Suez Crisis
  • October 1956 Operation Musketeer
  • 1956 Operation Telescope

United Arab Republic

• September 28, 1961 Collapse of the United Arab Republic

Arab Republic of Egypt

• June 5, 1967 — June 10, 1967 Six Day War
  • June 5, 1967 — June 6, 1967 Battle of Abu-Ageila
  • June 8, 1967 USS Liberty incident
• July 1, 1967 — August 7, 1970 War of Attrition
  • July 11, 1967 Battle of Rumani Coast
  • July 19, 1969 Operation Bulmus 6
  • July 20, 1969 — July 28, 1969 Operation Boxer
  • December 26, 1969 — December 27, 1969 Operation Rooster 53
  • January 7, 1970 — April 13, 1970 Operation Priha
  • January 22, 1970 Operation Rhodes
  • July 30, 1970 Operation Rimon 20
• October 6, 1973 — October 25, 1973 Yom Kippur War

• • October 6, 1973 — October 8, 1973 Operation Badr
  • October 6, 1973 Battles of Fort Budapest
  • October 6, 1973 Battle of Fort Lahtzanit
  • October 6, 1973 Ofira Air Battle
  • October 7, 1973 Romani ambush
  • October 7, 1973 Battle of Marsa Talamat
  • October 7, 1973 Operation Tagar
  • October 8, 1973 — October 9, 1973 Battle of Baltim
  • October 14, 1973 Battle of the Sinai
  • October 14, 1973 Air Battle of El Mansoura
  • October 15, 1973 — October 17, 1973 Battle of the Chinese Farm
  • October 16, 1973 Raid on Egyptian missile bases
  • October 17, 1973 Egyptian 25th Brigade ambush
  • October 18, 1973 — October 22, 1973 Battle of Ismailia
  • October 22, 1973 Scud missile attack
  • October 24, 1973 — October 25, 1973 Battle of Suez
• July 21, 1977 — July 24, 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War
• January 25, 2011 — ongoing 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Aftermath
  • January 25, 2011 — February 11, 2011 Egyptian Revolution
  • February 23, 2011 — ongoing Sinai insurgency
  • November 22, 2012 — July 3, 2013 Egyptian protests
  • June 28, 2013 - July 3, 2,2013 June 2013 Egyptian protests
  • July 3, 2013 — ongoing Political violence in Egypt
  • February 16, 2015 — ongoing Intervention in Libya
  • March 25, 2015 — ongoing Intervention in Yemen

References

1. Dawn of Ancient Warfare. Ancient Military History. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
2. Kelly, Raymond (October 2005). "The evolution of lethal intergroup violence". PNAS 102: 24–29. doi:10.1073/pnas.0505955102. PMC 1266108. PMID 16129826.
3. Shaw, Ian and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p.197 Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995. ISBN 0-8109-9096-2
4. W. M. Flinders Petrie: The Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties 1901, Part II, London 1901, Taf. XI,1
5. Wolfgang Helck: Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit (Ägyptologische Abhandlungen), Vol. 45, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02677-4
6. Guy Brunton: Qau and Badari I, with chapters by Alan Gardiner and Flinders Petrie, British School of Archaeology in Egypt 44, London 1927: Bernard Quaritch, Tafel XIX, 25
7. Peter Kaplony: „Er ist ein Liebling der Frauen“ – Ein „neuer“ König und eine neue Theorie zu den Kronprinzen sowie zu den Staatsgöttinnen (Kronengöttinnen) der 1./2. Dynastie. In: Manfred Bietak: Ägypten und Levante. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2006 ISBN 978-3-7001-6668-9; page 126–127.
8. Dietrich Wildung: Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. page 36–41.
9. Walter Bryan Emery: Great tombs of the First Dynasty (Excavations at Saqqara, vol. 3). Gouvernment Press, London 1958, p. 28–31.
10. Peter Kaplony: „Er ist ein Liebling der Frauen“ – Ein „neuer“ König und eine neue Theorie zu den Kronprinzen sowie zu den Staatsgöttinnen (Kronengöttinnen) der 1./2. Dynastie. In: Ägypten und Levante. vol. 13, 2006, ISSN 1015-5104, S. 107–126.
11. Stanley, Jean-Daniel; et al. (2003). "Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence". Geoarchaeology 18 (3): 395–402. doi:10.1002/gea.10065.
12. Bourriau in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, p.194

See also

• List of wars involving Egypt
• Military of ancient Egypt
• Egyptian Army
• Egyptian Navy
• Egyptian Air Force
• Egyptian Air Defense Forces
• Military history of Africa
• African military systems to 1800
• African military systems 1800 — 1900
• African military systems after 1900