Nuclear power by country

The Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant in France. France produces around three quarters of its electricity by nuclear power.[1]
The Grafenrheinfeld Nuclear Power Plant in Germany. Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition announced on 30 May 2011, that Germany’s 14 nuclear power stations will be shut down by 2022, in a policy reversal following Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.[2]

Nuclear power stations operate in 31 countries. China has 28 new reactors under construction,[3] and there are also a considerable number of new reactors being built in India, Russia and South Korea. At the same time, at least 100 older and smaller reactors will "most probably be closed over the next 10-15 years".[4] So the expanding nuclear programs in Asia are balanced by retirements of ageing plants and nuclear reactor phase-outs.[5]

In 2010, before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, it was reported that an average of about 10 nuclear reactors were expected to become operational per year, although according to the World Nuclear Association, of the 17 civilian reactors planned to become operational between 2007 and 2009, only five actually came on stream.[4] As of June 2011, Germany and Switzerland are phasing-out nuclear power.[6][7]

As of 2012, countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta and Portugal remain opposed to nuclear power.[6][8] Global nuclear electricity generation in 2012 was at its lowest level since 1999.[9][10]

Overview

Of the thirty countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine use them as the source for a majority of electricity, although many other countries have a significant nuclear power generation capacity.[11] According to the World Nuclear Association, a nuclear power advocacy group, over 45 countries are giving "serious consideration" to introducing a nuclear power capability, with Belarus, Iran, Jordan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam at the forefront.[12] China, India and South Korea are pursuing ambitious expansions of their nuclear power capacities, with China aiming to increase capacity to at least 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050.[13] South Korea plans to expand its nuclear capacity from 20.7 GWe in 2012 to 27.3 GWe in 2020 and to 43 GWe by 2030.[14] India aims to have 14.6 GWe nuclear power generation capacity by 2020 and 63 GWe by 2032 and to have 25% of all electricity supplied by nuclear power by 2050.[15][16]

Timeline of commissioned and decommissioned nuclear capacity since the 1950s[16]
Global status of nuclear deployment as of 2009 (source: see file description)
      Operating reactors, building new reactors
      Operating reactors, planning new build
      No reactors, building new reactors
      No reactors, planning new build		       Operating reactors, stable
      Operating reactors, considering phase-out
      Civil nuclear power is illegal
      No reactors
Nations based on nuclear output as a percentage of national power output.
Nuclear power plants in Europe
 Nuclear power by Country in 2015[11]
Country Number of
operated reactors		 Capacity
Net-total (MWe)		 Generated
electricity (GWh)		 %-share of
domestic generation
France France 58 63130 416800.00 76.34%
Slovakia Slovakia 4 1814 14083.68 55.90%
Hungary Hungary 4 1889 14955.71 52.67%
Ukraine Ukraine 15 13107 82300.00 56.49%
Belgium Belgium 7 5913 24571.70 37.53%
Sweden Sweden 10 9651 54347.00 34.33%
Switzerland Switzerland 5 3333 22100.00 33.48%
Slovenia Slovenia 1 688 5371.66 38.01%
Czech Republic Czech Republic 6 3930 25337.32 32.53%
Finland Finland 4 2752 22323.00 33.74%
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2 1926 15379.00 31.32%
Armenia Armenia 1 375 2576.00 34.51%
South Korea Korea, Republic of 25 23133 157196.00 31.73%
Spain Spain 7 7121 54740.00 20.34%
United States United States 99 99185 797178.00 19.50%
Russia Russia 35 25443 195213.58 18.59%
Romania Romania 2 1300 10695.00 17.33%
United Kingdom United Kingdom 15 8918 63894.54 18.87%
Canada Canada 19 13524 98374.97 16.60%
Germany Germany 8 10799 86810.32 14.09%
South Africa South Africa 2 1860 10965.14 4.73%
Mexico Mexico 2 1440 11176.54 6.79%
Pakistan Pakistan 3 690 4332.70 4.40%
Argentina Argentina 3 1632 6519.00 4.83%
Netherlands Netherlands 1 482 3861.63 3.67%
India India 21 5308 34644.45 3.53%
Brazil Brazil 2 1884 14809.16 2.76%
China China 33 28792 170355.00 3.03%
Iran Iran 1 915 3547.00 1.27%
Japan Japan 43 40290 4346.49 0.52%
Taiwan Taiwan 6 5052 35143.03 16.32%
World total 440 386,276 MWe 2,478 TWh 10.6%[17]

List of nuclear reactors by country

Only the commercial reactors registered with the International Atomic Energy Agency (as of January 2016) are listed below.

Country Operating Under
construction		 References and notes
Argentina Argentina 3 1
Armenia Armenia 1 0 Replacement[18]
Belarus Belarus 0 2 Under construction
Belgium Belgium 7 0
Brazil Brazil 2 1 [19]
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2 0 Four reactors were shut down in 2004 and 2007. Belene Nuclear Power Plant construction was officially terminated in March 2012.[20]
Canada Canada 19 0 2 new reactors at Darlington planned
China China 30 21 58 GWe by 2020
Czech Republic Czech Republic 6 0
Egypt Egypt 0 2 4 reactors expected to be completed by 2024 [21]
Finland Finland 4 1 As of 2012, TVO is planning a new reactor to be built and operational by 2020.[22]
France France 58 1 First French EPR under construction at Flamanville
Germany Germany 9 0 Phase-out in place by 2022.
Hungary Hungary 4 0 Paks2 [2*1200MW] signed with Rosatom in 2014.
India India 21 6 Six reactors with a cumulative capacity of 4300 MW are under construction as of 2016.
 Iran 1 0 The first reactor of Bushehr Plant has power generation capacity of 915 MW[23]
Japan Japan 48 2 After Fukushima, Japan shut down all of its 54 nuclear reactors, 6 of them permanently; 48 remain operational, but only 2 have been approved for restart.[24][25]
Mexico Mexico 2 0
Netherlands Netherlands 1 0
Pakistan Pakistan 3 2 Pakistan plans on constructing 32 nuclear power plants by 2050.[26]
Romania Romania 2 0 20 January 2011, GDF Suez, Iberdrola and RWE pulled out of the project.
Russia Russia 34 9 9 new reactors expected to be completed by 2020
Slovakia Slovakia 4 0
Slovenia Slovenia 1 0
South Africa South Africa 2 0 South Africa will be building a further 9600 MW, 6-8 reactors, by 2030[27][28]
South Korea South Korea 24 4
Spain Spain 7 0 Stable[29]
Sweden Sweden 10 0
Switzerland Switzerland 5 0 Phase-out in place, first decommissioning 2029.[30]
Taiwan Taiwan 6 0
Turkey Turkey 0 2
Ukraine Ukraine 15 2 (IAEA) or 0 (WNA) 2 new reactors by 2018.[31][32] One destroyed in 1986.
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 0 4 4 reactors expected to be operational 2017-2020[33][34]
United Kingdom United Kingdom 16 0
United States United States 99 5
World 446 65 (IAEA) or 63 (WNA)

References:[1][16]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "World Nuclear Power Reactors & Uranium Requirements". World Nuclear Association. 1 October 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  2. ↑ Annika Breidthardt (30 May 2011). "German government wants nuclear exit by 2022 at latest". Reuters.
  3. ↑ "China Nuclear Power - Chinese Nuclear Energy".
  4. 1 2 Michael Dittmar. Taking stock of nuclear renaissance that never was Sydney Morning Herald, 18 August 2010.
  5. ↑ Mark Diesendorf (2013). "Book review: Contesting the future of nuclear power" (PDF). Energy Policy.
  6. 1 2 Duroyan Fertl (5 June 2011). "Germany: Nuclear power to be phased out by 2022". Green Left.
  7. ↑ James Kanter (25 May 2011). "Switzerland Decides on Nuclear Phase-Out". New York Times.
  8. ↑ "Nuclear power: When the steam clears". The Economist. 24 March 2011.
  9. ↑ WNA (20 June 2013). "Nuclear power down in 2012". World Nuclear News.
  10. ↑ "The Nuclear Renaissance".
  11. 1 2 "Nuclear Share of Electricity Generation in 2015". IAEA. 30 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  12. ↑ "Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries". World Nuclear Association. April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  13. ↑ "China Nuclear Power". World Nuclear Association. April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  14. ↑ "Nuclear Power in South Korea". World Nuclear Association. February 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  15. ↑ "Nuclear Power in India". World Nuclear Association. 10 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 "Operational & Long-Term Shutdown Reactors". IAEA. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  17. ↑ "2015 Key World Energy Statistics" (PDF). IEA. 2016. p. 18. World electricity generation by fuels in 2015; from the international Energy Agency report Key World Energy Statistic, 2016 edition.
  18. ↑ "USA supports new nuclear build in Armenia". World Nuclear News. 23 November 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2007.
  19. ↑ Agência Estado (12 September 2008). "Lobão diz que país fará uma usina nuclear por ano em 50 anos" (in Portuguese). G1.globo.com. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
  20. ↑ Bulgaria quits Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, Novinite, 28 March 2012
  21. ↑ "Egypt, Russia sign deal to build a nuclear power plant". reuters.com.
  22. ↑ "Kolme uutta reaktoria, Jees!". Tekniikka ja talous. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  23. ↑ F_405. "Iran's Bushehr nuke power plant at full capacity from May 23: Russian contractor - People's Daily Online". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  24. ↑ Japan/Nuclear Power in Japan, World Nuclear Association, 27 January 2015
  25. ↑ Gerhardt, Tina (22 July 2012). "Japan's People Say NO to Nuclear Energy". Alternet.
  26. ↑ "32 nuclear plants to produce 40,000MW: PAEC". The News International, Pakistan. 27 February 2014.
  27. ↑ "Nuclear Power in South Africa". Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  28. ↑ "S.Africa wants nuclear contracts to stay at home". Reuters. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  29. ↑ Nuclear power in Spain, World Nuclear Association, URL accessed 13 June 2006
  30. ↑ Associated Press (28 September 2011). "Swiss Nuclear Power Plan Moves Toward Phase-Out Of Reactors". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  31. ↑ "BBC NEWS | Politics | New nuclear plants get go-ahead". News.bbc.co.uk. 10 January 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  32. ↑ "Nuclear Power in Ukraine". World Nuclear Association. August 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008.
  33. ↑ "Nuclear Power United Arab Emirates | UAE Nuclear Energy | Abu Dhabi | Dubai". www.world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "UAE's fourth power reactor under construction - EE Publishers". EE Publishers. Retrieved 19 October 2015.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, May 01, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.