List of school shootings in the United States

This is a chronological list of school shootings in the United States. It consists of incidents in which a firearm was discharged at a school infrastructure, including incidents of shootings on a school bus. This list contains shooting incidents that occurred on the campuses of K-12 public schools and private schools, as well as colleges and universities. Each must have a full citation to a reliable source.

It excludes incidents that occurred during wars or police actions. It excludes murder-suicides by rejected suitors or estranged spouses, and suicides or suicide attempts involving only one person. Mass shootings by staff of schools that involve only other employees are covered at workplace killings. It does not include bombings such as the Bath School disaster.

History

18th century

Colonial America

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
July 26, 1764	Greencastle, Pennsylvania	10	2	Enoch Brown school massacre: Perhaps the earliest shooting to happen on school or college property, in what would become the United States, was the notorious Enoch Brown school massacre during the Pontiac's War. Three men entered the schoolhouse near present-day Greencastle, Pennsylvania, shot and killed schoolmaster Enoch Brown, and nine children (reports vary). Only three children survived.[1][2]

19th century

1840s-1850s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
November 12, 1840	Charlottesville, Virginia	1	0	John Anthony Gardner Davis, a law professor at the University of Virginia, was shot by student Joseph Semmes, and died from his wound three days later.[3][4]
November 2, 1853	Louisville, Kentucky	0	1	Student Matthew Ward, took a pistol to school, where he shot the schoolmaster Mr. Butler as revenge for what Ward thought was excessive punishment of his brother the day before. Ward was acquitted.[5]
August 16, 1856	Florence, Alabama	2	0	The schoolmaster had a tame sparrow and had warned the students not to harm it, threatening death. One of the boys stepped on the bird and killed it; he was afraid to return to school but did so. After lessons, the master took the boy into a private room and strangled him to death. The boy's father went to the school and shot the schoolmaster dead.[6]
July 4, 1858	Baltimore, Maryland	1	0	The 15-year-old son of Col. John T. Farlow (Baltimore's Marshal of Police 1867-70), was killed during a Sabbath School gathering. The perpetrator escaped, but several arrests were made.[7]

1860s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
January 21, 1860	Todd County, Kentucky	1	0	A son of Col. Elijah Sebree was killed by another student. Young Sebree was threatening the other boy and said he intended to kill him. The other student got a gun and walked up to Sebree in the schoolhouse, where he killed him.[8]
February 6, 1864	Ashland County, Ohio	1	0	George W. Longfelt, the school teacher of the Pyfer's School House, killed student Alfred Desem and fled.[9]
February 16, 1867	Knights Ferry, California	2	0	Mr. McGinnis was killed by his daughter's teacher after McGinnis threatened the teacher for expelling his daughter from school. When McGinnis' son learned of this, he went to the school and killed the teacher.[10]
April 2, 1867	Madison, Florida	1	0	Frank Pope, a pupil at the St. John's seminary, killed his teacher Mr. Bristow with a pistol.[11]
June 8, 1867	New York City, New York	0	1	13-year-old Arthur Day, secretly took a loaded pistol to Public School No. 18 to shoot a dog he said had bitten him. While playing with the pistol, Day accidentally injured classmate Robert Morton.[12]
December 22, 1868	Chattanooga, Tennessee	3	0	A boy who refused to be whipped by his teacher left the school. The next day he returned with his brother and a friend for revenge. Not finding the teacher at the school, they continued to his house, where a gun battle took place and three died. Only the original boy who initiated the attack survived.[13]

1870s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
January 27, 1871	Knoxville, Tennessee	1	0	John Roberts, aged ten or twelve, accidentally had one of his eyes shot out at school and died.[14]
February 1, 1872	Washington, Pennsylvania	0	1	At the all-girls Union School, 17-year-old Thomas McGiffin, shot in the hip and seriously wounded the principal, Prof. Wilson, because the professor refused to deliver a note to one of the young ladies for him. McGiffin is a son of Col. Norton McGiffin, and brother of US naval hero Philo McGiffin.[15]
February 11, 1873	Wisconsin	0	1	A father shot the school mistress for whipping his son.[16]
February 20, 1874	Agency, Montana	1	0	After being ejected from school for disobedience, 20-year-old Thomas Squires, fatally shot Prof. Hayes in the abdomen three times without warning.[17]
April 9, 1874	Lebanon, Tennessee	1	0	John R. Breckinridge, son of the late Robert Jefferson Breckinridge, attending classes in law at Cumberland University in Lebanon Tennessee, was killed by John L. Anderson, the Mayor's son. The latter was reportedly "crazed with liquor."[18][19]
May 24, 1878	St. Paul, Minnesota	0	1	A 12-year-old boy Luckert, accidentally wounded Allie McDonald, another boy at the Neill school. The bullet passed out, and the youth was expected to recover. His mother Mrs. McDonald went to the police station, but did not file a formal complaint.[20]
May 24, 1879	Lancaster, New York	0	1	Telegraph operator Frank Shugart, severely injured Mr. Carr, superintendent of the stables at a girls' school.[21]

1880s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
December 1, 1881	Santa Monica, California	1	0	While working late on the program for the children's concert at the school house, the school master Mr. O'Donnell and one of the parents got into an argument. The parent, Mr. Williams, pulled a gun and fatally shot O'Donnell in the back.[22]
December 22, 1881	Shelby County, Indiana	0	0	School teacher Charles J. Gregory shot at a pupil at close range because he refused to write on a slate. The bullet missed the boy. The teacher was arrested.[23]
January 16, 1882	Iola, Kansas	0	0	A group of boys shot into a school house, but no one was hurt. Two of the boys were arrested and pleaded guilty three weeks later. They were fined $9.00 each.[24]
April 13, 1882	Huntsville, Texas	0	1	G.W. Gray, a student at the Sam Houston Normal School, wounded another student, M. J. Jordan. They were arguing over a comic valentine.[25]
February 14, 1883	Florence, Nebraska	0	3	As some children were playing and throwing snowballs outside the Ponca Creek school house, three young men pulled up in a wagon. They engaged the children in a snowball fight. When they were leaving, one of the men, Lem Harbaugh, pointed his .45 caliber needle gun at the children, accidentally shooting and wounding three of them. Feeling great remorse, Harbaugh later surrendered himself to the authorities.[26]
November 20, 1883	Barber County, Kansas	0	0	A bunch of drunken cowboys stopped at several schoolhouses, forcing two teachers to drink whiskey and firing numerous shots at three schoolhouses.[27]
February 28, 1884	Danville, Virginia	0	2	As Allen Wamack, a 15-year-old boy, drove by a "Negro" school house, he called out "school butter." (an insult meaning a cobbing, or a whipping).[28] The school students ran out and attacked him, firing several shots at him, he returned fire hitting two students.[29]
March 6, 1884	Boston, Massachusetts	0	0	As news of outlaw Jesse James reached the East Coast, young boys started to imitate him. For instance, boys armed with guns shot at police investigating their activities at the Concord-street schoolhouse.[30]
March 15, 1884	Gainesville, Georgia	0	0	In the middle of the day, a group of very drunk Jackson County farmers were shooting their revolvers as they headed down the street, driving people into their homes. As they approached the female academy, the girls fled from the yard into the school. The gang followed and fired several rounds into the front door, but no one was hurt.[31]
June 12, 1887	Cleveland, Tennessee	1	0	Will Guess went to the school and killed Miss Irene Fann, his little sister's teacher, for whipping her the day before.[32]
June 13, 1889	New Brunswick, New Jersey	0	0	Charles Crawford, upset over an argument with a school trustee, went up to the window and fired a pistol into a crowded school room. The bullet lodged in the wall just above the teacher's head.[33]

1890s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
April 24, 1890	Brazil, Indiana	0	1	While the pupils of the Meridian Street School were at play, Ben Corbery drew a revolver and seriously wounded 10-year-old Cora Brubach, in the face. The girl had told the teacher of Ben's misconduct.[34]
December 27, 1890	Staunton, Virginia	1	0	At the Kable's Military Academy a 15-year-old student, A.H. Hathaway of Dennison, Texas, was accidentally killed by his 17-year-old classmate James Whitworth of Sulphur Springs, Texas, while they were playing with an old pistol.[35]
March 30, 1891	Liberty, Mississippi	0	14	During a school exhibition and concert given at the Parson Hill schoolhouse, where the large audience was composed of blacks and whites: teachers, pupils, and spectators, an unknown gunman fired a double barreled shotgun into the assemblage. Fourteen people were wounded, some seriously.[36]
April 9, 1891	Newburgh, New York	0	?	70-year-old James Foster, fired a shotgun at a group of students in the playground of St. Mary's Parochial School, causing minor injuries to several of the students.[37]
June 29, 1892	Van Wert, Ohio	1	0	Convoy teacher, B.L. Richie, was killed by 14-year-old student, Shirley Longsworth, son of Dr. Longsworth.[38]
October 10, 1892	Lawrence, Kansas	0	2	At Kansas University, two students, E. Higgins and Jack Craycroft, were injured as they were walking back to their dorm rooms after football practice. Law student Fred Bassett fired a double barreled shotgun as they passed his home, he said he had warned them not to trespass on his farm, which students frequently did.[39]
March 26, 1893	Plain Dealing, Louisiana	4	1	During an evening school dance at Plain Dealing High School, a fight broke out. When the smoke cleared, two students were killed, two more were fatally wounded, and the high school's Professor Johnson was wounded in the arm.[40]
October 17, 1894	Parkersburg, West Virginia	2	0	When school was let out, 15-year-old Willis Gardner, was killed and his 8-year-old brother fatally stabbed in a quarrel among a group of boys.[41]
December 13, 1898	Charles Town, West Virginia	5	2	During the school exhibition, a group of young men tried to break up a student performance. When the teacher Fisher tried to throw them out, they turned on him. Audience members joined the fray. The fight resulted in deaths: Harry Flasher was shot in the heart and instantly killed, Henry Carney was fatally shot in the back, Ralph Jones and two others were also fatally shot, and George Gibson was shot in the hand; Haz Harding had his skull crushed and several others received minor wounds.[42]

20th century

1900s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
February 24, 1903	Inman, South Carolina	1	0	Edward Foster, a 17-year-old student at Inman High School, was fatally wounded by his teacher Reuben Pitts after jerking a rod from Pitts' hands to avoid punishment. According to the teacher, Foster struck the pistol Pitts had drawn, and caused it to fire. Pitts was acquitted of murder on grounds of self-defense.[43]
July 21, 1903	Jackson, Kentucky	2	1	At the Cave Run School, James Barrett and Mack Howard argued over a card game and fought a duel with pistols, they killed each other. 12-year-old student, James Vires, was shot in the abdomen while sitting at his desk during the gunfight.[44]
April 6, 1904	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	Two students had been fighting for most of a year over a girl. In their last fight, Henry Schaze threw 16-year-old Paul Jelick to the ground, drew a revolver, and killed his rival.[45]
November 16, 1904	Riverside, California	2	1	At the Indian School, a gun fight broke out between pupils. Charles Colby was shot in the head with a pistol, then returned fire, killing Tom Bucanoros instantly, and fatally wounding Fred Smith.[46]
December 16, 1904	Magee, Mississippi	1	1	Parent, E.E. Mangum, was shot through the head and killed by the principal of the high school, Professor J.E. Woodward. Mangum had argued with Woodward, who had given Mangum's 15-year-old son a severe whipping. Mangum lost his temper, shooting Woodward through the wrist.[47]
February 9, 1905	Colusa, California	0	1	At the request of his childhood friend, Pearl Cruse, 17-year-old Elmer Hildreth, who did not attend her school, went to a meeting between Miss Cruse and her teacher. It ended in "a hand to hand" encounter between teacher and pupil. When Ingrim went after Hildreth with an axe, Hildreth shot him in the stomach. Hildreth was arrested and bail was posted by five prominent men in the community. Hildreth was found to have acted in self-defense and no charges were filed. Ingrim survived.[48]
October 5, 1905	Hickman, Kentucky	0	0	While returning from church, Professor Emmet W. Roach, is ambushed by an assassin.[49]
March 23, 1907	Carmi, Illinois	1	0	Parent George Nicholson killed John Kurd at a schoolhouse during a school rehearsal. Kurd had made a disparaging remark about Nicholson's daughter during her recital.[50]
December 20, 1907	Chico, California	1	0	9-year-old Arthur Roberts, was shot in the head and killed outside his school during a military drill by school children of the Dayton school district. Armed with old guns believed to be empty, the children had pulled their triggers. The Roberts boy threw his hands to his head and cried, "I'm shot."[51]
January 10, 1908	Council Bluffs, Iowa	0	0	At around 6 a.m., as George O Mortensen, 35-year-old janitor of the Washington street school building, was unlocking the outer door of the school, someone discharged a shotgun from only a few feet. The shot riddled the door within a foot of his head.[52]
March 11, 1908	Boston, Massachusetts	2	0	Suffering from melancholia, due to overwork, thirty-nine year-old Miss Sarah Chamberlain Weed, killed thirty-four year-old Elizabeth Bailey Hardee, then shot herself, at the Laurens School, a fashionable boarding school.[53]
March 19, 1909	Mount Vernon, Illinois	0	1	During a school performance of "The Grand Central", John Moake, portraying the villain, was shot in the forehead and dangerously wounded by the hero, Roy Slater. The cartridge was thought to have been blank.[54]
June 10, 1909	Trinidad, Colorado	1	0	Walter Harris, 11-year-old student, accidentally killed his teacher B.C. Briggs in the head while on a school field trip.[55]
August 18, 1909	Bakersfield, California	0	0	After hunting doves, a group of six young men deliberately shot out the glass at the Fruitvale School. They also shot at the nearby residence of A.J. Hunter, narrowly missing several children in the rear yard.[56]
September 11, 1909	Gravette, Arkansas	1	0	John Butram, a student at the Bear Hollow School, told his fellow students that school was cancelled. The teacher A.T. Kelly insisted that the day's lesson was not over. When Butram drew a knife on his teacher, Kelly drew his gun and shot him.[57]

1910s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
January 12, 1910	New York City, New York	2	0	"A black bearded maniac drew an automatic pistol" and fired five shots into a crowd of boys at the Harlem School, who were taunting him. 6-year-old Robert Lomas, was hit and died instantly, 6-year-old Arthur Shively, was critically wounded.[58]
March 10, 1910	Ione, California	0	0	At the reform school, known as Preston School of Industry, students Albert Brown and Eugene Griffin tried to escape, stealing a revolver from the school's bakery shop. They shot at Captain William H. White when he pursued them. No one was hurt, but the boys were transferred to the penitentiary, which held adults.[59]
August 16, 1910	Lexington, Kentucky	1	?	A general fight broke out during school board elections. Lewis Napier was killed, and several other persons were hurt. Several were arrested.[60]
April 27, 1911	Manhattan, Kansas	1	0	During a school play rehearsal, a boy accidentally loaded his revolver. An 18-year-old girl who was to use it in the play said she was afraid to handle it. The teacher said there was no need for her fear and pointed it at the girl, Pearl Reedy, squeezing the trigger. She was fatally wounded.[61]
January 31, 1912	San Francisco, California	1	0	During a stone throwing confrontation near the Oriental School on Clay Street, a group of white boys found themselves trapped between two groups of Chinese boys. In an attempt to escape, Jose Aguilar, fired a BB shot air rifle twice hoping to frighten the Chinese. However, 10-year-old Wong She, had a gun and fired back. One bullet passed through Aguilar's coat sleeve as he ran and fatally struck 14-year-old James Kane in the school's rear yard.[62][63]
February 16, 1912	Lagrange, New York	1	0	14-year-old May McQuade, was killed by classmate Raymond B. Carroll. Carroll alleged the shooting was accidental and he did not think the gun was loaded.[64]
November 19, 1914	Sayre, Pennsylvania	1	0	While walking to school, 14-year-old Charles Listman, killed 15-year-old Andrew Milton, over the affections of classmate, 13-year-old Minnie London.[65]
January 13, 1915	Vancouver, Washington	0	1	During a parent-teachers' meeting, 15-year-old student, Murlan Decker, was accidentally shot by his younger brother, Luther.[66]
February 3, 1915	Jasper, Florida	1	1	20-year-old Will Yates, teacher of Clear Pond school in Hamilton county, Fla., was killed in a fight with Claude Holtzendorff and his two sons. A whipping administered in school to one of the Holtzendorff boys started the trouble. After punishing the boy Yates armed himself, and when accosted by the Holtzendorffs, shot the father through the mouth. He was in turn shot through the body, dying an hour later.[67]
September 20, 1916	Bemidji, Minnesota	0	1	Olga Dahl, the 19-year-old teacher at the Round Lake District School, was found tied to a tree near the school, assaulted and shot twice in the face. She had been working late after school, and a man with a revolver entered the school house and ordered her to obey him. He raped and shot her; she was expected to live. All available men in Itasca County joined in hunting the assailant.[68][69]
December 26, 1916	Danville, Kentucky	1	?	During the Christmas tree celebration at the Harris Creek School, with a packed room of children and visitors, a fight broke out. William Benedict, Sr. was instantly killed, William Benedict, Jr. was shot in the ankle, Bourdon Galloway was shot in the right arm, and Mike Gaddis was shot in the leg. Many others were injured. The disturbance was said to be started by Thomas Thornton, who had been drinking and was told to calm down by Benedict. Thornton's brother George left the room and returned with a revolver.[70]
June 5, 1917	Harrisburg, Pennsylvania	0	1	16-year-old freshman, Earl Wolf, was accidentally shot in the leg with a revolver around noon time, in the company of his classmates at the Central High School.[71]
October 28, 1917	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	Overnight two brothers, 16-year-old William and 15-year-old Ralph Carter, broke into the May public school, robbing the phone boxes and teachers' desks. Discovered by janitor Howard Parks and policeman Thomas Conway, a gunfight broke out. William was critically wounded and not expected to live; Ralph Carter was taken to jail.[72]
November 29, 1917	Manes, Missouri	0	1	At the Perkins school's Thanksgiving night pie supper, 21-year-old teacher Joe Todd, was mysteriously shot. He was expected to recover.[73]
March 29, 1918	Jefferson City, Missouri	1	0	At the Lincoln Institute, State Negro Normal School, 31-year-old Professor Romeo West, was killed in the dormitory by superintendent of school Theodore Martin. They were arguing over which dishes to use at a social. Martin said he shot in self-defense, fatally hitting West with three of five shots.[74]
April 6, 1918	Reeder, North Dakota	1	0	During the afternoon recess, a boy was looking over a 22-caliber rifle; it discharged, striking the head of the Coyne boy in the seat to the front, killing him instantly.[75]
January 9, 1919	Monroe City, Missouri	0	0	While school was in session, Hugh Claggett shot through the school house's front door while on his way home from work. No one was hurt, and he was fined $20.[76]
April 12, 1919	Ogden City, Utah	0	1	During a high school assembly, six boys shot off their guns. Permission had been given in the belief the guns were loaded with blanks but they had live shot. Teacher Verna Davidson was shot in the foot.[77]
August 4, 1919	Berkeley, California	0	2	Roger Sprague, an assistant in the department of chemistry at the University of California, despondent and desperate over his inability to obtain a position, slightly wounded 59-year-old Professor Edmond O'Neill, head of department, and 37-year-old Dr. Joel Henry Hildebrand, professor of chemistry, in the administration offices of Gilman Hall. He then went to California Hall and attempted to shoot 57-year-old May L. Cheney, appointment secretary, but struck only one of her hair combs before he was subdued.[78]

1920s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
February 14, 1920	Durant, Oklahoma	0	1	At the Durant Normal School, teacher Albert McFarland, was seriously wounded by one of his pupils.[79]
March 4, 1920	Cincinnati, Ohio	0	1	14-year-old student, Lawrence Angel, shot his teacher, Beatrice Conner, through the arm for sending him to the principal's office.[80]
May 1, 1920	Summerville, Georgia	0	0	At the High School, 15-year-old student Alexander Potter, fired six shots at his teacher, Prof. Ransom, but missed. Potter was upset over having received a severe thrashing and expulsion. Potter was sentenced to six years at a reform school.[81]
May 15, 1920	Bowling Green, Ohio	1	0	While attending her son's school track meet, Mrs. F. Mahl was killed accidentally by shot from the starter's pistol.[82]
August 1, 1920	Ogden, Utah	0	1	Mike Smults, the night watchman at the Utah school for the Deaf and Blind, shot a 10-year-old boy, Dennis McDonald, as he and his brother Clinton cut through the campus. The watchman said he fired into the air as a warning.[83]
October 22, 1920	Chicago, Illinois	0	1	Mrs. Carmila Rindoni went to the school and twice shot Rosalind I. Reynolds, her son's teacher, for spanking her son the day before. Mrs. Rindoni was arrested, and Miss Reynolds was expected to recover.[84]
November 4, 1920	Middlesboro, Kentucky	1	0	Prof. Barnes of Middlesboro High School was fatally shot by Adolphus Oaks, for whipping his sister the week before. Barnes had already submitted his resignation to the school board, as his students had boycotted his class in protest over the whipping. He intended to leave the city that weekend. Oaks went to jail.[85]
February 17, 1922	Valdosta, Georgia	2	0	John Glover broke into the school house, where he killed a girl and fatally wounded a boy. A mob tracked and killed Glover 7 miles (11 km) away in Indianola, now Naylor, Georgia.[86]
August 1, 1922	Ardmore, Oklahoma	1	0	Bryant Hignight and four other students were hanging out at the outhouse of the Mount Zion school. Hignight fired two shots. One entered Raymond Guin's head, killing the boy instantly. Three of the boys were questioned, but all said it was an accident.[87]
December 29, 1926	Gettysburg, Pennsylvania	0	1	12-year-old Frederick Heilman was shot through the right instep when Gettysburg College janitor, Joseph Carver, fired in the direction of a group of boys attempting to force their way into the college gymnasium. Carver had shot into the ground, attempting to scare the boys, and was not aware that a bullet had ricocheted. Mr Heilman chose not to prefer criminal charges.[88]

1930s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
May 22, 1930	Ringe, Minnesota	1	0	24-year-old Douglas Petersen, killed 20-year-old teacher, Margaret Wegman, who was standing in the doorway of a rural schoolhouse.[89]
May 28, 1931	Duluth, Minnesota	1	0	Katherine McMillen, 24-year-old teacher at the Howard Gensen rural school near Duluth, was accidentally killed by a pupil who brought a revolver to school.[90]
September 14, 1934	Gill, Massachusetts	1	0	Headmaster Elliott Speer was murdered by a shotgun blast through the window at Northfield Mount Hermon School. The crime was never solved.[91]
May 7, 1935	Irvington, New York	1	0	Dr. Paul Kyle, head of the Kyle School for Boys, was found killed in the school, just before classes were to begin that day.[92]
June 4, 1936	Bethlehem, Pennsylvania	2	0	Wesley Clow killed his Lehigh University English instructor, C. Wesley Phy. Clow went to Phy's office and demanded that Phy change his grade to a passing mark. Clow committed suicide after shooting Phy.[93]
June 4, 1937	Isabel, Kansas	1	0	16-year-old Robert Douthitt, was accidentally killed backstage during high school play practice. The revolver was to have been loaded with blanks, but it held live ammunition.[94]
September 24, 1937	Toledo, Ohio	0	2	12-year-old Robert Snyder wounded his principal, June Mapes, in her office at Arlington Public School when she declined his request to call a classmate. He fled the grounds, and wounded himself.[95]
January 24, 1938	Blencoe, Iowa	1	0	17-year-old Edward Marley was accidentally killed by a fellow actor while rehearsing for a play at Blencoe High School.[96]

1940s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
May 6, 1940	Pasadena, California	5	2	South Pasadena Junior High School murders: Outraged by his dismissal, following conflicts with other staff, thirty-eight-year-old Verlin H. Spencer, shot and killed sixty-two-year-old superintendent of the South Pasadena city schools, George C. Bush, fifty-year-old principal of South Pasadena High School, John E. Alman, and fifty-two-year-old School District business manager, Will R. Speer. He then attempted to kill, Bush's secretary, thirty-two-year-old Dorothea Talbert, she was struck near the shoulder. He later shot and killed forty-five-year-old art teacher, Ruth Sturgeon, with whom he'd been in conflict, fatally wounding her in the chest and, following an intense struggle, thirty-five-year-old mechanical arts teacher, Verner V. Vanderlip, another with whom he had a grievance. Spencer was cornered by police as he attempted to escape through the school cafeteria, as one officer aimed, Spencer pressed the .22 caliber automatic pistol against his right side and fired twice, critically wounding himself. Police later found a suicide note from Spencer to his wife, Polly. He survived his wounds and was tried for murder. Pleading guilty to all charges, he received 5 consecutive life terms. He was discharged from California's Department of Correction in 1977, aged seventy-five. Verlin Spencer died 11 January 1991.[97][98][99][100]
July 4, 1940	Valhalla, New York	1	0	Angered by the refusal of his daughter, 15-year-old Melba, to leave a boarding school and return home, 47-year-old Joseph Moshell, went to the school, where he killed his daughter.[101]
October 2, 1942	New York City, New York	1	0	Irwin Goodman, 36-year-old mathematics teacher at William J. Gaynor Junior High School, was killed in the school corridor by a youth.[102]
June 26, 1946	New York City, New York	0	1	A 15-year-old student, who refused to give his pocket money to a gang of seven youths, was shot in the chest in the Public School 147 annex of Brooklyn Automotive Trades High School.[103]
February 2, 1947	Madill, Oklahoma	2	0	62-year-old Ellis Laird killed his estranged wife, 40-year-old teacher, Jessie Laird, inside her first grade classroom. He then took his own life. All of this took place in the presence of several pupils.[104]
December 24, 1948	New York City, New York	1	0	A 14-year-old student was fatally wounded in the head by a shot from fellow student, 17-year-old Robert Ross. The youth was accidentally shot when he chanced into range where Ross was target shooting near a lake at the school.[105]
March 11, 1949	New York City, New York	0	1	A 16-year-old student at Stuyvesant High School was accidentally shot in the arm by a fellow student who was ‘showing off’ with a pistol in a classroom.[106]
November 12, 1949	Columbus, Ohio	1	0	Ohio State University freshman James Heer grabbed a .45 caliber handgun from the room of a Delta Tau Delta fraternity brother, and killed 21-year-old Jack McKeown, a senior and also a fraternity brother.[107]

1950s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
July 22, 1950	New York City, New York	0	1	A 16-year-old boy was shot in the wrist and abdomen at the Public School 141 dance during an argument with a former classmate.[108]
January 24, 1951	Alton, Illinois	1	0	61-year-old Henry Suhre, quartermaster at Western Military Academy, was killed in the cadet store on campus.[109]
March 12, 1951	Union Mills, North Carolina	1	0	Professor W.E. Sweatt, superintendent and teacher at the Alexander School, was killed by students, 16-year-old Billy Ray Powell, and 19-year-old Hugh Justice, whom he had reprimanded.[110]
June 4, 1951	New York City, New York	1	0	Carl Arch, a 50-year-old intruder to a girl's gym class, was killed by a police officer at Manhattan's Central Commercial High School.[111]
November 27, 1951	St. Louis, Missouri	1	0	15-year-old student, David Brooks, was fatally shot as fellow pupils looked on. Two former students were sought by police.[112]
April 9, 1952	New York City, New York	1	0	A 15-year-old boarding school student shot a dean rather than give up his pin-up pictures of girls in bathing suits.[113]
July 14, 1952	New York City, New York	1	0	Bayard Peakes walked into the offices of the American Physical Society (APS) at Columbia University, where he killed secretary Eileen Fahey. Peakes was reportedly upset that the APS had rejected a paper of his.[114]
October 2, 1953	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	14-year-old Bernice Turner, killed 14-year-old Pasquale Coletta inside the science classroom at Kelly High School. The shooting was later ruled to be accidental.[115]
March 31, 1954	Newton, Massachusetts	1	0	14-year-old John Frankenberger, was accidentally killed in a classroom at Day Junior High School when a pistol being held by a classmate discharged.[116]
May 15, 1954	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	1	2	Putnam Davis Jr. was killed during a fraternity house carnival at the Phi Delta Theta house at the University of North Carolina. William Joyner and Allen Long were wounded during the exchange of gunfire in their room. The incident followed an all-night beer party. Long told police that, while the three were drinking beer at 7 a.m., Davis pulled out a gun and started shooting.[117]
January 11, 1955	Swarthmore, Pennsylvania	1	0	After some of his dormmates urinated on his mattress during hazing, Robert B. Bechtel, a 22-year-old student proctor at Swarthmore College, returned to his third floor Wharton Hall dorm with a shotgun and killed fellow student, 19-year-old Francis Holmes Strozier.[118] Betchtel was acquitted of murder by reason of insanity and spent five years in a psychiatric hospital.[119]
May 4, 1956	Seat Pleasant, Maryland	1	2	15-year-old student, Billy Ray Prevatte, fatally shot 32-year-old teacher, Frazer Cameron, and injured 25-year-old athletic coach, Francis Daniel Wagner, and 31-year-old teacher, Robert Hicks, at Maryland Park Junior High School. He just left, after growing tired of waiting outside the principal's office awaiting a reprimand for failing to turn in a written physical education assignment, and returned with a rifle.[120]
October 20, 1956	New York City, New York	0	1	A Booker T. Washington Junior High School student was wounded in the forearm by another student armed with a home-made weapon.[121]
October 2, 1957	New York City, New York	0	1	A 16-year-old student was shot in the leg by a 15-year-old classmate at a city high school.[122]
March 4, 1958	New York City, New York	0	1	A 17-year-old student shot a boy in the Manual Training High School.[123]
May 1, 1958	Massapequa, New York	1	0	A 15-year-old Massapequa High School freshman was killed by a classmate in a washroom.[124]
September 24, 1959	New York City, New York	1	0	Twenty-seven men and boys and an arsenal were seized in the Bronx as the police headed off a gang war resulting from the fatal shooting of a teenager at Morris High School.[125]

1960s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
February 2, 1960	Hartford City, Indiana	3	0	44-year-old school principal Leonard Redden killed teachers Harriett Robson and Minnie McFerren inside their classrooms at William Reed School. Redden then fled to a wooded area where he killed himself.[126]
March 30, 1960	Alice, Texas	1	0	14-year-old Donna Dvorak, brought a target pistol to Dubose Junior High School, and fatally shot 15-year-old Bobby Whitford, in their 9th-grade science class. Dvorak believed Whitford posed a threat to one of her girlfriends.[127]
June 7, 1960	Blaine, Minnesota	2	0	41-year-old mail-carrier, Lester Betts, confronted 33-year-old principal, Carson Hammond, in his Blaine Elementary School office, and shot him dead with a 12-gauge shotgun.[128][129]
January 4, 1961	Delmont, South Dakota	1	0	Donald Kurtz, 17-year-old senior at Delmont High School, was fatally wounded by a .22 caliber bullet from a rifle. The shot, intended as a sound effect for a school play, hit him in the chest during a rehearsal just minutes before the play was to take place.[130]
October 17, 1961	Denver, Colorado	2	0	14-year-old Tennyson Beard, got into an argument with 15-year-old William Hachmeister, at Morey Junior High School, and wounded him. Another shot fatally struck 14-year-old Deborah Faith Humphrey.[131]
April 27, 1966	Bay Shore, New York	1	0	48-year-old teacher, John S. Lane, was fatally wounded when he tried to stop 16-year-old student James Arthur Frampton. The youth was walking through the halls of Bay Shore Senior High School with a shotgun, searching for boys whom he had argued with earlier that day. Lane died about six weeks later of his wounds.[132]
August 1, 1966	Austin, Texas	17	31	University of Texas massacre: 25-year-old engineering student, Charles Whitman, got onto the observation deck at the University of Texas-Austin, from where he killed seventeen people and wounded thirty-one during a 96-minute shooting rampage. He had earlier murdered his wife and mother at their homes.[133][134][135] It was the deadliest shooting on a U.S. college campus until the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007.
October 5, 1966	Grand Rapids, Minnesota	1	1	Grand Rapids High School student, 15-year-old David Black, killed school administrator Forrest Willey and seriously wounded fellow student, 14-year-old Kevin Roth.[136][137]
November 12, 1966	Mesa, Arizona	5	2	18-year-old Bob Smith, took seven people hostage at Rose-Mar College of Beauty and ordered them to lie down in a circle. He shot each in the head. Four women and a 3-year-old girl died, a woman and a baby were injured but survived. Police arrested Smith, who reportedly admired Richard Speck and Charles Whitman.[138]
May 3, 1967	Northlake, Illinois	1	1	18-year-old dropout, Michael Pisarski killed his former girlfriend, 17-year-old Christine Mitchell inside West Leyden High School. The school's athletic director was wounded.[139]
January 30, 1968	Miami, Florida	1	0	16-year-old Blanche Ward killed fellow student, 16-year-old Linda Lipscomb, at Miami Jackson High School. According to Ward, she was threatened with a razor by Lipscomb during an argument over a fountain pen, and in the ensuing struggle the gun went off.[140]
February 8, 1968	Orangeburg, South Carolina	3	27	In the days leading up to February 8, 1968, about two hundred mostly student civil rights protesters gathered on the campus of South Carolina State University to protest the continued racial segregation of the All Star Bowling Lane after passage in 1964 of federal legislation prohibiting such action. That night, students started a bonfire. As police attempted to put out the fire, an officer was struck and injured by an object. Police later said they believed they were under attack by small weapons fire. The officers fired into the crowd, killing 18-year-old Samuel Hammond Jr., 17-year-old Delano Herman Middleton, and 19-year-old Henry Ezekial Smith, and wounding twenty-seven others.[135][141]
March 25, 1968	High Point, North Carolina	1	0	15-year-old David Lee Walker, was killed just outside Central High School, by 15-year-old Gerald Locklear.[142]
May 22, 1968	Miami, Florida	0	2	Ernest Lee Grissom, a 15-year-old student at Drew Junior High School, seriously wounded a teacher and a 13-year-old student after he had been reprimanded for behavior.[143]
January 17, 1969	Los Angeles, California	2	0	Alprentice Carter and John Huggins, two student members of the Black Panther Party, were fatally shot during a student meeting inside Campbell Hall at the University of California, Los Angeles. Reportedly there was disagreement over who would control the school's African American Studies Center. The shooter, Claude Hubert, was never found; three other men were later arrested in connection with the shooting.[144]
January 23, 1969	Washington, D.C.	1	0	45-year-old Cardozo Senior High School assistant principal, Herman Clifford, was killed in the school's hallway, by 18-year-old Ronald Joyner, while trying to stop him and two other youths who had robbed the school's bank.[145]
May 13, 1969	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	1	0	13-year-old Ernest Napoleon Carter Jr. was accidentally killed, by a 13-year-old classmate at Hanes Junior High School who was armed with a pistol. The shooter was charged with involuntary manslaughter. Carter's mother filed a lawsuit against the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Board of Education for $50,000 in damages.[146]
November 19, 1969	Tomah, Wisconsin	1	0	46-year-old Martin Mogensen, principal of Tomah Junior High School, was killed in his office by a 14-year-old boy.[147]

1970s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
January 5, 1970	Washington, D.C.	1	1	15-year-old Tyrone Perry, was killed at Hine Junior High School.[148]
February 11, 1970	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	1	2	University of Pennsylvania professors, 40-year-old Walter Koppelman, and 45-year-old Oscar Goldman, were shot by 33-year-old disgruntled graduate student, Robert Cantor, during a seminar. Cantor then took his own life. Koppelman died March 5 from his injuries, but Goldman recovered.[149]
May 4, 1970	Kent, Ohio	4	9	Kent State shootings: During protests of the Vietnam War at Kent State University, armed National Guard Soldiers opened fire on unarmed students, killing four people.[135][150][151]
May 15, 1970	Jackson, Mississippi	2	12	Jackson State killings: Two students were killed and twelve others injured when police opened fire on students gathered to protest the US military presence in Cambodia.[152][153][154]
November 20, 1970	Chicago, Illinois	0	2	Two students were shot while standing in a second floor hallway of Harlan High School. 15-year-old Kenneth House, was shot in the lower left abdomen, his condition was described as serious. 14-year-old Portia Walls, suffered a superficial wound on her lower back. The incident was thought to have involved gang recruiting in the school.[155]
February 2, 1971	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	1	0	56-year-old teacher, Samson L. Freedman, was killed as he left Morris E. Leeds School, by 14-year-old student, Kevin Simmons. Freedman had suspended Simmons earlier in the day for cursing in the hallway.[156]
November 11, 1971	Spokane, Washington	2	4	21-year-old former MIT student, Larry J. Harmon, armed with a rifle, killed 68-year-old caretaker, Hilary Kunzon, who came upon him wrecking St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Church, then fled onto the campus of Gonzaga University, where he wounded four more people before police officers killed him. Harmon was described by his father as a religious fanatic claiming to have visions.[157]
February 26, 1973	Richmond, Virginia	1	0	17-year-old Wayne Phillips, was killed when he was caught between two youths who were fighting in the hallway of Armstrong High School.[158]
November 6, 1973	Oakland, California	1	1	School superintendent Marcus Foster, was killed and his assistant Robert Blackburn, was wounded when members of the Symbionese Liberation Army opened fire on them as they exited a school board meeting. Two members of the SLA were later arrested and convicted of the crime. Both were sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The SLA had reportedly believed that Foster supported a measure to install police on school grounds and make students carry identification cards. In reality, Foster opposed both measures.[159]
January 17, 1974	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	52-year-old elementary school principal, Rudolph Jezek Jr., was killed in his office by 14-year-old Steven Guy, a former student said to be angry about being transferred to a social adjustment center.[160]
March 22, 1974	Brownstown, Indiana	1	0	48-year-old Jessie Blevins, athletic director at Brownstown Central High School, was fatally shot in the school parking lot by a 17-year-old student waiting for him. He gave the police no motive.[161]
October 4, 1974	Kent, Ohio	0	1	19-year-old McKeesport student, Ray D. Gilmore, was wounded in a scuffle with two men in his third floor campus dormitory room. 26-year-old Benjamin F. Goodman and 22-year-old Carl Bell, who were not students, had their .32 caliber pistols taken and were wrestled to the floor by other students.[162]
December 30, 1974	Olean, New York	3	11	During a two-and-a-half-hour siege, 18-year-old honor student, Anthony Barbaro, the best on his rifle team, killed three adults in and around his high school and wounded eleven other persons.[154][163] He shot from the windows out at the street and neighborhood. The school was closed for the Christmas holiday.[164]
February 24, 1975	Penns Grove, New Jersey	1	1	24-year-old David Gary killed the 33-year-old Reverend Thomas Quinlan, inside a classroom at St. James School. Quinlan was the school's principal. A teacher was also wounded.[165]
March 18, 1975	St. Louis, Missouri	1	0	16-year-old Stephen Goods, a bystander, was killed during a fight between other teens. Three youths were convicted for the homicide.[163]
September 11, 1975	Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	1	5	Student James Briggs killed fellow student Randy Truitt at Grant High School, wounding several others.[166]
February 12, 1976	Detroit, Michigan	0	5	Intruders entered Murray-Wright High School, shooting and wounding five students after an apparent dispute over a girlfriend of one of the intruders.[167]
July 12, 1976	Fullerton, California	7	2	The gunman, 37-year-old Edward Charles Allaway, was a custodian at the California State University, Fullerton library. Allaway killed seven people and wounded two others in the library's first-floor lobby and at the building's Instructional Media Center (IMC), located in the basement.
November 10, 1976	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	46-year-old Al Lewis, killed his estranged wife, 46-year-old Betty McCaster, as she was teaching thirty-six 6-and-7-year-old students at Burt Elementary School.[168]
April 7, 1977	Whitharral, Texas	1	0	High School principal, M. O. Tripp, was killed on the front steps of the school by 17-year-old student, Ricardo Lopez, for unknown reasons.[169]
January 11, 1978	Hopkinsville, Kentucky	0	1	At 8:10 a.m., 13-year-old student, Andre Davis, was wounded while watching a fight between two students in the front lobby of Christian County Middle School, one of whom had a gun. A 16-year-old was charged with the assault.[170]
February 9, 1978	St. Albans, West Virginia	1	0	14-year-old Hayes Junior High School student, Stuart Wayne Perrock, killed 14-year-old schoolmate, Arthur Clinton Smith.[171]
February 22, 1978	Lansing, Michigan	1	1	After being taunted for his beliefs, 15-year-old Roger Needham, self-proclaimed Nazi, killed one student and wounded a second with a pistol at Everett High School.[163][172]
April 26, 1978	Dallas, Texas	1	0	38-year-old Woodrow Porter, a janitor at Paul Dunbar Elementary School, was killed by the 56-year-old grandmother of an 8-year-old who was allegedly spanked by Porter earlier.[173]
May 18, 1978	Austin, Texas	1	0	13-year-old John Daniel Christian, son of Lyndon B. Johnson's former press secretary George Christian, killed his English teacher, 29-year-old Wilbur Grayson, with his father's rifle in front of approximately thirty classmates at Murchison Junior High School.[154][163] Christian was arrested and charged but not prosecuted; he was committed to a mental hospital where he was treated for a period and released.[174]
October 17, 1978	University City, Missouri	0	4	18-year-old Larry Ward and two companions were escorted from the halls of University City High School following a fight with 18-year-old student, Carl Triplett. Ward ran back into the building with a gun and fired shots into a group, critically injuring Triplett in the chest and hip, and wounding 17-year-old Angela Darden and 16-year-old Jennifer Pride. Ward sustained a head injury as he was tackled by assistant principal, Franklin McCallie. His companions grabbed the gun and fled.[175]
October 17, 1978	Lanett, Alabama	1	0	13-year-old Robin Robinson, was paddled by Lanett Junior High School principal, Lewis Hoggs, after having a disagreement with another student. Robinson left the school, and returned with a .22-caliber handgun and shot Hoggs, grazing the top of his head.[154][176][177] Robinson was arrested two hours later about two blocks from the school, and later charged in juvenile court.[174][178][179]
January 29, 1979	San Diego, California	2	9	Cleveland Elementary School shooting: 16-year-old Brenda Spencer opened fire on Grover Cleveland Elementary School from her home across the street, killing two adults and wounding nine people.[163][180][181][182][183][184]
April 16, 1979	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	2	9	17-year-old Timothy Stahle was critically wounded in the leg and upper thigh, with shot gun pellets, as he threw rocks at the windows of Wisconsin Lutheran High School. 28-year-old school janitor, Kenneth B. Stein, was arrested.[185]
September 28, 1979	Charlestown, Massachusetts	0	1	15-year-old sophomore, Darryl Williams, was shot in the neck by a sniper during the half-time interval, while standing with teammates and coach in the end zone of the Charlestown High School football field. The player for the predominantly black Jamaica Plain High School team was left paralysed. A racial motivation was determined by Mayor Kevin White.[186] 17-year-old white youths, Joseph Nardone and Stephen McGonagle, were charged with the shooting and received ten year sentences.[187]

1980s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
January 7, 1980	Stamps, Arkansas	1	0	16-year-old Evan Hampton, high school freshman student at Stamps High School, waited in a classroom for 19-year-old student Mike Sanders, whom he fatally immediately killed. Hampton went to the principal's office, turning in the gun and waiting for his arrest by police.[188]
March 20, 1980	Dallas, Texas	1	0	49-year-old fifth grade teacher, Rosie Pearson, was killed in J. Leslie Patton School by an unknown assailant.[189]
March 26, 1980	Big Rapids, Michigan	1	0	Business professor Robert Brauer was killed in class by his 20-year-old student, Thomas Kakonis, at Ferris State College; Kakonis had failed an exam in his class. Kakonis is the son of an associate dean at the college.[190]
October 31, 1980	Hueytown, Alabama	1	1	17-year-old Rudy Farmer, pulled out a .22 caliber pistol and wounded a fellow student in the art room of Hueytown High School, he then turned his gun on himself.[191]
January 27, 1981	Fayetteville, Arkansas	1	1	19-year-old former freshman, James Howard Taylor, brought a 12-gauge single-shot shotgun into the Delta Delta Delta sorority house on the University of Arkansas campus. He entered the house at 5:45 p.m. and terrorized an initiation dinner. After attempting to negotiate a surrender, he was shot by police when he aimed his shot gun into the dining room.[192]
April 17, 1981	Ann Arbor, Michigan	2	0	As students fled their rooms, after a homemade firebomb set a minor blaze on the sixth floor hallway of Bursley Hall dormitory, 22-year-old psychology student, Leo E. Kelly Jr., fired a sawn-off 12-gauge shotgun at his University of Michigan schoolmates at point-blank range. 19-year-old pre-medical student, Edward Siwik, and 21-year-old resident advisor, Douglas C. McGreaham, died at hospitals a few hours later. Kelly had been dismissed from UM once and was on the verge of another dismissal because of falling grades.[193][194] In 1982, he was convicted on two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to life.[195]
December 16, 1981	Portland, Oregon	2	0	Shortly before noon in Engineering Hall on the school's campus in north Portland, 34-year-old University of Portland night janitor, John C. Holbrook, killed 37-year-old engineering teacher, Brian D. Massey, before taking his own life.[196]
March 19, 1982	Las Vegas, Nevada	1	2	17-year-old Valley High School student, Patrick Lizotte, killed his teacher Clarence Pigott and wounded two students.[163][197]
April 7, 1982	Littleton, Colorado	1	0	13-year-old Deer Creek Junior High School student, Scott Darwin Michael, was killed by 14-year-old classmate, Jason Price Rocha. Rocha was tried as an adult and sentenced to twelve years, plus one year of parole.[198]
November 12, 1982	Jackson, Mississippi	2	0	18-year-old school dropout, James Hartzog, killed his girlfriend, 17-year-old Faye Williams in her algebra class at Wingfield High School. Hartzog then took his own life.[199]
January 20, 1983	St. Louis County, Missouri	2	1	Eighth grade Parkway South Middle School student David F. Lawler entered a study hall classroom and opened fire, killing 15-year-old Randall Koger, and injuring 15-year-old Greg Saffo. Lawler then took his own life.[163][197]
February 24, 1984	Los Angeles, California	2	12	Tyrone Mitchell killed two people and wounded twelve others when shooting at students leaving 49th Street Elementary School.[163]
April 20, 1984	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	13-year-old Kelly Crittendon, was accidentally killed by two classmates in a classroom at the Precious Blood School.[200]
May 17, 1984	Pleasant Hill, Iowa	2	0	17-year-old student, Todd Dunahoo, killed 16-year-old Valerie Rockafellow in the hallway at Southeast Polk High School, then turned the gun on himself.[201]
October 24, 1984	Celina, Ohio	1	0	45-year-old Shirley Shindeldecker, killed school bus driver 54-year-old Gene Green, as he stopped to pick up a the son of Shindeldecker's estranged husband. After serving nineteen months of her sentence, Shindeldecker was found innocent by reason of insanity, and released.[202]
January 21, 1985	Goddard, Kansas	1	3	Armed with a rifle and a handgun, 14-year-old James Alan Kearbey, killed principal, James McGee, and wounded two teachers and a student at Goddard Junior High School.[163][197][203]
October 18, 1985	Detroit, Michigan	0	6	Murray-Wright High School shooting: During half-time of the homecoming football game between Northwestern and Murray-Wright high schools, a youth opened fire with a shotgun, injuring six students with whom he had fought earlier in the day.[204]
November 27, 1985	Spanaway, Washington	3	0	14-year-old Heather Smith, killed 15-year-old Gordon Pickett, who was her ex-boyfriend, and 14-year-old Christopher Ricco, in the gymnasium at Spanaway Junior High School. She later took her own life.[205]
December 3, 1985	Concord, New Hampshire	1	0	At Concord High School, Louis Cartier, a 16-year-old dropout, entered the school with a shotgun and took students hostage, 18-year-old Patrick Lena Lena and 16-year-old Scott Hayes. Responding police officers fatally shot him after he aimed at football coach, Don LeBrun.[206][207]
December 10, 1985	Portland, Connecticut	1	1	After being suspended for refusing to take off his hat while at school, 13-year-old student, Floyd Warmsley, pulled out a firearm at Portland Junior High School, shooting and wounding the 53-year-old school secretary, Lynn Haddad, and killing 36-year-old janitor, David Bangston.[208][209]
March 6, 1986	Dolton, Illinois	0	1	At about 9:40 a.m., as 52-year-old math teacher, Norma Cooper`s third-period algebra class was beginning in a second-floor classroom in the C Building at Thornridge High School, she was shot in the shoulder by a freshman student, with a large caliber handgun, registered to the youth`s father, a security guard. He is charged with attempted murder, unlawful use of a weapon and aggravated battery. The freshman, a resident of Harvey, was enrolled in the class and apparently had recently received poor grades.[210]
April 29, 1986	Senath, Missouri	1	0	New student, 16-year-old, Ritchie Overman, killed studious 15-year-old, Leslie Lynn Wyatt, using a 20-gauge shotgun, in front of twenty-six "totally horrified" science class students and teacher, Sheila Adams, at Senath-Hornersville High School.[211][212]
May 16, 1986	Cokeville, Wyoming	2	74	Cokeville Elementary School hostage crisis: 43-year-old former town marshal, David Young, and his 47-year-old wife, Doris Young, took 136 children and eighteen adults hostage at Cokeville Elementary School.[163][213][214]
December 4, 1986	Lewistown, Montana	1	3	14-year-old Kristofer Hans, intended to shooting his French teacher at Fergus High School, for a failing grade. Instead, Henrietta Smith, who was substituting for LaVonne Simonfy, was shot in the face and died.[215] Hans fired several other shots as he fled, wounding vice principal, John Moffatt,[216] and two students.[176] He then ran about a mile to his home, where he was arrested after the police surrounded his his house. A classmate said Hans had repeatedly threatened to kill Ms. Simonfy, saying, "I'm going to blow Simonfy's head off."[217] He was charged as an adult, convicted and sentenced to 206 years in prison.[163][218]
February 4, 1987	Northridge, California	2	0	35-year-old associate professor of Computer Science Djamshid (Amir) Asgari was confronted in the Engineering Building of California State University, Northridge by 25-year-old graduate student, Fawwaz Abdin. Abdin was angry about a low grade Asgari had given him a year earlier, which caused him to be put on academic probation. After Asgari refused to change his grade, Abdin shot him twice then himself. Dr. Asgari later died at the Northridge Hospital.[219]
March 2, 1987	De Kalb, Missouri	2	0	After constant teasing about his weight, 12-year-old honors student, Nathan Ferris, killed a 13-year-old classmate, Timothy Perrin, after he bullied him, then turned the gun on himself.[163][197][220]
April 16, 1987	Detroit, Michigan	1	2	Murray-Wright High School second shooting: A ninth-grade student at Murray-Wright High School killed 17-year-old Chester Jackson, a student athlete, and wounded 17-year-old Damon Matthews, and 18-year-old Tomeka Turner.[221]
September 28, 1987	Lansing, Illinois	0	1	After being kicked off the soccer team for smoking on school grounds, 16-year-old student Blake Docter, of Illiana Christian High School wounded 44-year-old John Hoogewerf in the chest, the teacher who had reported him for smoking.[222]
February 11, 1988	Largo, Florida	1	2	Pinellas Park_High shooting: 15-year-old students, Jason Harless and Jason McCoy, took stolen .38-caliber revolvers to Pinellas Park High School. Harless shot two assistant principals and a student-teacher inside the school's cafeteria. 53-year-old Richard Allen died from his injuries, Nancy Blackwelder and intern Joseph Bloznalis were wounded.[163][197][223]
May 20, 1988	Winnetka, Illinois	1	5	30-year-old Laurie Dann, killed 8-year-old Nick Corwin, inside Hubbard Woods School. Five additional students were wounded. Dann later committed suicide after taking hostages in a nearby home.[163][197][224]
July 10, 1988	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	0	1	25-year-old Robin Jenkins, was shot in the elbow after a basketball game turned violent about 7:45 p.m.at Siefert Elementary School. A 28-year-old man was taken into custody the following day.[225]
September 26, 1988	Greenwood, South Carolina	2	9	Oakland Elementary School shooting: 19-year-old James William Wilson, entered Oakland Elementary School and started firing shots in the cafeteria. Two students were wounded and a first-grade teacher. After reloading his gun in a girl's restroom, he was confronted by physical education teacher, Kat Finkbeiner, who tried to stop him, she was wounded twice. He then entered a third-grade classroom and shot toward the students, killing 8-year-olds Shequila Tawoon Bradley and Tequila Maria Thomas, and wounding five others.[163][197][226]
November 22, 1988	Abilene, Texas	0	1	16-year-old student Mason Staggs, shot Cooper High School teacher, Rick Maloney, in the face with a pistol, severely injuring the teacher. Staggs left the school and went fishing.[227]
December 16, 1988	Virginia Beach, Virginia	1	1	At Atlantic Shores Christian School, 16-year-old student, Nicholas Elliott, shot two teachers with a Mac-10 9 millimeter machine pistol, killing 41-year-old Karen Farley, and critically wounding 37-year-old Sam Marino, then began firing on a classroom full of students before the gun jammed and any students were hit.[197][228][229]
January 17, 1989	Stockton, California	6	32	Stockton schoolyard shooting: 24-year-old Patrick Edward Purdy, fatally shot five children and wounded 32 others at the Cleveland Elementary School, before taking his own life. The victims were children of refugees from Southeast Asia. Purdy had a history of violence, alcoholism and drug addiction, and criminality.[229][230]
February 10, 1989	Kearns, Utah	0	0	At Thomas Jefferson Junior High School, a 12-year-old boy fired a handgun at vice principal, William Crumbaugh. No one was injured.[231]
December 5, 1989	McKeesport, Pennsylvania	1	1	While riding the school bus, 16-year-old Serra Catholic High School student, Robert Butler, shot 16-year-old schoolmate, Adam Ference, in the back of the head before fatally shooting himself.[232] Ference was in critical condition but survived.[233]

1990s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
March 27, 1990	Brooklyn, New York	0	1	A black youth was taunted with racial slurs by three white youths in the stairwell of a public school in the Bensonhurst area of Brooklyn. The 14-year-old was then shot and slightly wounded, because he had acted as peacemaker when the same boys had clashed with another black teen the month before.[234]
September 11, 1990	San Antonio, Texas	0	3	3 students were wounded when gunfire broke out at Sam Houston High School. The incident took place at 11:55 a.m. and was gang related. 17-year-old John Campbell was wounded in the right foot, 18-year-old Larry Johnson was wounded in the right thigh and calf, and a 16-year-old received a chest wound. 18-year-old Kenneth Wolford, and two other male students were arrested and charged.[235]
February 6, 1991	Donna, Texas	1	0	15-year-old Raul Calvo shot himself dead while playing Russian roulette inside a biology classroom at Donna High School.[236]
April 23, 1991	Compton, California	1	0	A teenager aimed and fired a handgun at a security guard who had chased him and three friends off the grounds of Ralph J. Bunche Middle School. He instead killed 11-year-old Alejandro Vargas, a bystander and student at the school.[237]
September 18, 1991	Crosby, Texas	1	0	17-year-old Arthur Jermel Jack, was killed by 15-year-old LaKeeta Cadoree, in the cafeteria at Crosby High School.[238]
November 1, 1991	Iowa City, Iowa	6	1	University of Iowa shooting: 28-year-old former graduate student, Gang Lu, killed four members of University of Iowa's faculty and a research student, and seriously wounded another student. 47-year-old professor of physics and astronomy, Christoph K. Goertz, 45-year-old associate professor of physics and astronomy, Robert Alan Smith, 44-year-old chairman of the physics and astronomy department, Dwight R. Nicholson, 56-year-old associate vice president for academic affairs, Dr. Theresa Anne Cleary, shot in the head and died the following day, and 27-year-old research investigator in physics and astronomy, Dr. Shan Linhua. 23-year-old Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, Dr. Cleary's temporary student receptionist in the grievance office, survived but was left paralyzed from the neck down. Lu then shot himself in the head, he died shortly after police arrived.[239][240][241][242]
November 25, 1991	Brooklyn, New York	1	0	Thomas Jefferson High School shooting: During an argument between two teens, a stray bullet killed a third, uninvolved 16-year-old student. In 1992, 14-year-old shooter Jason Bentley, was sentenced to three to nine years in prison.[229]
December 12, 1991	Kent, Ohio	1	0	51-year-old custodian, John Frazier, was killed outside a campus auditorium of Kent State University.[243]
January 29, 1992	Kent, Ohio	0	1	26-year-old graduate student, Sarah Smith, was wounded in the chest as she was waiting for her husband to pick her up at Kent State University.[244]
February 26, 1992	Brooklyn, New York	2	0	Thomas Jefferson High School second shooting: 15-year-old Kahlil Sumpter, killed fellow students, 16-year-old Tyrone Sinkler and 17-year-old Ian Moore, on the school's second-floor hallway.[245] In 1993, he was sentenced to between 6⅔ and twenty years in prison. He was released on parole in 1998.[229]
May 1, 1992	Olivehurst, California	3	10	Lindhurst High School shooting: Former student, 20-year-old Eric Houston, killed three students and one teacher, and wounded nine other students and teacher before surrendering to police.[176][229]
October 19, 1992	The Bronx, New York	0	3	Two 14-year-old girls and a 16-year-old boy were shot at outside a Bronx high school.[246]
November 4, 1992	Detroit, Michigan	0	11	11 students were hit by gunfire during a four-hour period in three separate school incidents, five were hospitalized. Six students at Finney High School were grazed by buckshot after three ski-masked gunmen opened fire in a crowded hallway. A 14-year-old was in custody for shooting three Foch Middle School students as they passed by the Marcus Garvey Academy. In the third incident, 16-year-old DeWayne Boyd was hit in the chest, when shots were fired at two Mumford High School students.[247]
January 18, 1993	Grayson, Kentucky	2	0	East Carter High School shooting: 17-year-old Scott Pennington, a student at East Carter High School, fatally shot his 48-year-old English teacher, Deanna McDavid, and 52-year-old head custodian, Marvin Hicks.[248]
February 22, 1993	Los Angeles, California	2	0	15-year-old Robert Heard, fatally shot 17-year-old Michael Shean Ensley in the corridor of the Reseda High School's science building.[249]
April 15, 1993	Acushnet, Massachusetts	1	0	44-year-old David Taber entered Ford Middle School and took three hostages. He killed school nurse Carol Day. He was found not guilty of the murder by reason of insanity.[229]
May 14, 1993	Irving, Texas	1	0	17-year-old Max Alexander Martinez, killed 17-year-old Jose Balderas, with a .38 caliber revolver in a hallway in Nimitz High School during a dispute over girls.[250][251]
May 24, 1993	Pennsburg, Pennsylvania	1	0	15-year-old student Jason Smith killed another student who had bullied him at Upper Perkiomen High School. He was charged as an adult and sentenced to between twelve and twenty-five years in prison.[229][252]
September 17, 1993	Sheridan, Wyoming	1	4	29-year-old Kevin Newman, wounded four students before killing himself at Central Junior High School.[253]
November 4, 1993	New Britain, Connecticut	1	0	18-year-old Miguel DeJesus, was gunned down on the steps of New Britain High School.[254] Rival gang members, 24-year-old Maurice Flanagan and 23-year-old Thomas Mejia, were charged.[255]
December 1, 1993	Wauwatosa, Wisconsin	1	0	Wauwatosa West High School shooting: 21-year-old former student, Leonard D. McDowell, shot 46-year-old associate principal, Dale Breitlow, three times with a revolver in a second-floor hallway of Wauwatosa West High School.[256] McDowell was found guilty of the murder and sane at the time of the shooting, he was sentenced to life in prison.[229] His sentence was upheld by the state Court of Appeals in April 1997.[257]
January 24, 1994	Columbia, South Carolina	1	0	18-year-old Floyd Eugene Brown, shot fellow Eau Claire High School student, 17-year-old Earnest Dunlap, following an argument the week before. Brown was arrested shortly after at his home. A 16-year-old boy was also arrested for kicking Dunlap after the shooting.[258]
January 31, 1994	Seattle, Washington	1	0	24-year-old Darrell Cloud, a former student at Whitman Middle School in North Seattle, killed 45-year-old Neal Summers, who had sexually abused Cloud since he was thirteen. Cloud served nine years in prison. He later received a $250,000 settlement in a civil suit against Seattle Schools, charging that Summers had not been adequately supervised.[259]
February 18, 1994	Spartanburg, South Carolina	0	1	At around 10 p.m., 24-year-old Roosevelt Johnson was shot in the leg, after a basketball game at Spartanburg High School.[260]
March 1, 1994	Boonville, Missouri	2	0	33-year-old Dante D. Hayes, a hunter and ex-convict, killed 58-year-old Richard Vancena, a cafeteria manager, and 33-year-old Robin Michelle Coleman, a cook, in the mess hall of Kemper Military School and College. He was drunk and looking for his wife Anna Hayes with whom he had a fight the night before. No students were harmed.[261]
April 12, 1994	Butte, Montana	1	0	10-year-old Jason Osmanson, teased because his parents have AIDS, killed an 11-year-old student on the playground of Margaret Leary Elementary School. Osmanson was sent to a private residential treatment center.[229][251]
April 21, 1994	Nashville, Tennessee	1	0	14-year-old Jeremy Bryant, killed 13-year-old Terrence Murray, in music class at J.T. Moore Middle School.[262]
October 12, 1994	Greensboro, North Carolina	1	1	After being suspended for smoking, 16-year-old Nicholas Atkinson, returned to Grimsley High School with a 9mm pistol. After wounding assistant principal, Bill Whites, Atkinson took his own life.[176][263][264]
October 17, 1994	Chicago, Illinois	0	1	A 16-year-old female student was shot in the thigh outside Hubbard High School when a teenage boy rode past on a bicycle and fired into a crowd. It is believed the shooting was meant for rival gang members, but the girl was hit instead. The boy lived in the neighborhood.[265]
November 7, 1994	Wickliffe, Ohio	1	4	Wickliffe Middle School shooting: 37-year-old former student, Keith A. Ledeger, killed 41-year-old custodian, Pete Christopher, at Wickliffe Middle School, and wounded 47-year-old assistant principal, Jim Anderson, 47-year-old police officer, Thomas Schmidt, and 50-year-old teacher, Lowell Grimm, before being injured and taken into custody.[229][251][266]
January 12, 1995	Seattle, Washington	0	2	A 15-year-old student at Garfield High School left school during the day and returned with his grandfather's handgun. He wounded two students.[267]
September 29, 1995	Tavares, Florida	1	0	14-year-old student Keith E. Johnson, killed 13-year-old Joey Summerall, at Tavares Middle School with a handgun that he had stolen from his neighbor's home. He was convicted and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[268]
October 12, 1995	Blackville, South Carolina	2	1	Blackville-Hilda High School shooting: Suspended student, 16-year-old Toby R. Sincino, killed 56-year-old math teacher, Phyllis Senn, and wounded 38-year-old math teacher, Johhnny Thompson, before committing suicide at Blackville-Hilda High School.[229][251][269][270]
November 15, 1995	Lynnville, Tennessee	2	1	Richland High School shooting: 17-year-old James Rouse, killed a student and teacher at Richland High School and seriously wounded another teacher with a rifle.[229][269][271]
January 19, 1996	Washington, D.C.	1	0	Two masked gunmen killed 14-year-old Damion Blocker in a stairwell at Winston Education Center. 16-year-old shooter, Darrick Evans, was sentenced to 41 years to life in prison.[229]
February 2, 1996	Moses Lake, Washington	3	1	Frontier Middle School shooting: 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis, killed a teacher and two students and wounded another student when he opened fire on his algebra class. Loukaitis was sentenced to life in prison.[271][272]
February 29, 1996	St. Louis, Missouri	1	1	30-year-old Mark Boyd, hired 23-year-old Malik Nettles, to kill 15-year-old Kyunia Taylor, as she rode on a school bus bound for Beaumont High School. Taylor was pregnant with a child fathered by Boyd, a baby girl was delivered by emergency caesarean section, but died 23 days later. The bus driver was also shot, he survived.[273]
August 15, 1996	San Diego, California	3	0	San Diego State University shooting: At San Diego State University, 36-year-old graduate student, Frederick Martin Davidson, killed three professors, 32-year-old Chen Liang, 44-year-old D. Preston Lowrey III, and 36-year-old Costas Lyrintzis, that he believed were involved in a conspiracy against him.[271][274][275] Davidson was sentenced to serve three life terms.[276]
September 17, 1996	State College, Pennsylvania	1	2	19-year-old Jillian Robbins, killed one student and injured two outside Pennsylvania State University's HUB–Robeson Center.[271][277][278]
September 25, 1996	Decatur, Georgia	1	2	16-year-old David Dubose Jr., killed English teacher, Horace Morgan, on the steps of Dekalb Alternative School. Dubose was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was committed indefinitely to a state mental hospital.[163]
October 9, 1996	Sherwood, Arkansas	1	0	14-year-old Willis Ward Johnson, killed 20-year-old James Earl Routt, as they rode a school bus.[279]
January 27, 1997	West Palm Beach, Florida	1	0	14-year-old Conniston Middle School student, Tronneal Mangum, fatally shot 14-year-old classmate, John Pierre Kamel, just minutes before school started, over a $40 debt.[280]
February 19, 1997	Bethel, Alaska	2	2	Bethel Regional High School shooting: 16-year-old student, Evan Ramsey, killed Bethel Regional High School principal, Ron Edwards, and 15-year-old student, Joshua Palacios, and wounded two other students.[271][281]
October 1, 1997	Pearl, Mississippi	3	7	Pearl High School shooting: 16-year-old Luke Woodham, murdered his 50-year-old mother, Mary, at home before killing his ex-girlfriend, 16-year-old student, Christina Menefee, and 17-year-old student, Lydia Kaye Dew, then wounding seven others at Pearl High School.[271][282][283][284]
October 15, 1997	Palmetto, Florida	0	1	After an argument between them the day before, 13-year-old Brandon Hartsoe took a .38 revolver from his mother's dresser drawer and shot 13-year-old Lincoln Middle School classmate, Trent Murray, in the back causing serious injury, then continued to fire three more shots in the general area of other students.[285] Hartsoe was sentenced in 1998 to serve until his 18th birthday. His probation was set to end in October 2009.[286]
December 1, 1997	West Paducah, Kentucky	3	5	Heath High School shooting: Three students were killed and five wounded by 14-year-old Michael Carneal, as they participated in a prayer circle. Carneal was sentenced to life in prison.[271]
December 15, 1997	Stamps, Arkansas	0	2	Concealed in a wooded area on school grounds, 14-year-old Joseph "Colt" Todd, wounded two students as they were entering Stamps High School.[271][287]
March 1, 1998	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	1	3	At around 4:15 p.m., gunfire broke out as a crowd streamed from the Palestra after a high school championship basketball game near the University of Pennsylvania. A 22-year-old man was shot in the back and killed, and a student working at the fine arts building was shot in the leg.[288]
March 24, 1998	Craighead County, Arkansas	5	10	Westside Middle School shootings: 13-year-old Mitchell Johnson, and 11-year-old Andrew Golden, killed a teacher and four students, and wounded ten others, as Westside Middle School emptied during a fire alarm intentionally set off by Golden.[289][290]
April 24, 1998	Edinboro, Pennsylvania	1	3	Parker Middle School dance shooting: 14-year-old student, Andrew Wurst, fatally shot 48-year-old teacher, John Gillette, and wounded two students and another teacher at an 8th grade graduation dance. He is serving a thirty to sixty-year sentence in a prison for young offenders.[290][291]
May 19, 1998	Fayetteville, Tennessee	1	0	18-year-old Jacob Lee Davis, shot 18-year-old Robert Creson, at Lincoln County High School in a dispute over a girl.[292] Davis received a life sentence on 29 July 1999.[293]
May 21, 1998	Springfield, Oregon	4	23	Thurston High School shooting: After killing his parents at home, 15-year-old Kip Kinkel, drove to Thurston High School, where he killed two students and wounded 23 others.[290] After pleading guilty, he was sentenced to 111 years of prison.[294]
June 15, 1998	Richmond, Virginia	0	2	14-year-old student, Quinshawn Brooker, wounded 45-year-old basketball coach and history teacher, Gregory Carter, and 74-year-old Head Start volunteer, Eloise Wilson, in the hallway of Armstrong High School.[290][295]
December 10, 1998	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	52-year-old Professor Andrzej Olbrot, was killed by 48-year-old graduate doctoral student, Wlodzimierz Dedecjusat, at Wayne State University.[296]
January 8, 1999	Carrollton, Georgia	1	1	15-year-old Andrea Garrett was found dead, and 17-year-old Jeff Miller seriously wounded in the girls' restroom at Central Carrollton County High School, after a suicide pact because Garrett's mother had previously forbidden her to see Miller.[297]
April 16, 1999	Notus, Idaho	0	0	15-year-old Shawn Cooper, fired two shots from a shotgun near the front desk at Notus Jr. Sr. High School. There were no serious injuries, but some students were close enough to the blast to be grazed by shrapnel from the tile floor. Cooper had been undergoing treatment for bipolar disorder.[298]
April 20, 1999	Littleton, Colorado	15	21	Columbine High School massacre: 18-year-old Eric Harris, and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold, students at Columbine High School, killed twelve students and one teacher, and wounded 21 others before committing suicide.[290][299]
May 20, 1999	Conyers, Georgia	0	6	15-year-old student Thomas "T.J." Solomon Jr., wounded six students at Heritage High School. A 15-year-old girl was hospitalized in critical condition, and the other victims suffered from non-life-threatening injuries.[290] Solomon initially faced up to 351 years of prison if convicted of aggravated assault and other charges. In 2000 he was found guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced to forty years in prison and sixty-five years of probation.[300]
November 19, 1999	Deming, New Mexico	1	0	13-year-old Victor Cordova Jr., fatally shot 13-year-old Deming Middle School schoolmate, Araceli Tena. Cordova said he had intended to commit suicide but was jostled by others and his gun moved.[290][301]
December 6, 1999	Fort Gibson, Oklahoma	0	6	Before his middle school opened, 13-year-old Seth Trickey opened fire in the courtyard. While there were no fatalities, several students felt sparks from the bullets hitting the building walls. Five were injured, including a girl who was shot in the face.[290] Trickey brought the gun from home.[302]

21st century

2000s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
February 29, 2000	Flint, Michigan	1	0	Shooting of Kayla Rolland: At Buell Elementary School, 6-year-old Dedrick Owens, the youngest documented school shooter, killed classmate Kayla Rolland.[303]
May 26, 2000	Lake Worth, Florida	1	0	13-year-old honor student, Nathaniel Brazill, was sent home for throwing water balloons, but returned to his Lake Worth Middle School with a family pistol. He fatally shot teacher Barry Grunow, a popular teacher, he was Brazill's favorite.[303][304]
August 28, 2000	Fayetteville, Arkansas	2	0	36-year-old James Easton Kelly, a PhD candidate in Comparative Literature at University of Arkansas, killed 67-year-old Dr. John R. Locke, the English professor overseeing his coursework. Kelly had been dismissed from this PhD program for lack of progress toward his degree. Kelly shot Dr. Locke three times before committing suicide in the director's office, which had been isolated by campus police.[305]
September 26, 2000	New Orleans, Louisiana	0	2	13-year-old Darrel Johnson, and Alfred Anderson were initially charged with attempted second-degree murder in a school shooting. Both were shot with the same gun.[306]
December 1, 2000	San Diego, California	0	1	A 15-year-old Junipero Serra High School student who showed off a handgun on campus and threatened to shoot a classmate, ended up accidentally shooting himself, causing minor injuries.[307]
March 5, 2001	Santee, California	2	13	Santana High School shooting: 15-year-old student, Charles Andrew Williams, killed two students, 14-year-old Bryan Zuckor, and 15-year-old Randy Gordon, at Santana High School and wounded thirteen others. He was arrested and convicted of murder and attempted murder. He was sentenced to life with the chance of parole after serving fifty years.[308]
March 7, 2001	Williamsport, Pennsylvania	0	1	14-year-old student, Elizabeth Catherine Bush, wounded fellow student Kimberly Marchese in the cafeteria of Bishop Neumann High School; she had been frequently teased and suffered from depression .[309]
March 22, 2001	El Cajon, California	0	5	18-year-old former student, Jason Hoffman, opened fire at Granite Hills High School, injuring five people. He was convicted of assault and sentenced to prison, where he committed suicide in 2002.[310]
March 30, 2001	Gary, Indiana	1	0	17-year-old Donald Ray Burt Jr., fatally shot Neal Boyd, IV with one bullet to the head in a parking lot outside Lew Wallace High School.[311]
January 15, 2002	New York City, New York	0	2	17-year-old Vincent Rodriguez, wounded two students at Martin Luther King, Jr. High School in Manhattan, with a semi-automatic pistol. He was retaliating for the victims having harassed his girlfriend. In February 2003, Rodriguez was sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of assault and attempted assault.[312]
January 16, 2002	Grundy, Virginia	3	3	Appalachian School of Law shooting: Recently dismissed graduate student, 42-year-old Peter Odighizuwa, killed three at the Appalachian School of Law. 42-year-old dean Anthony Sutin, and 41-year-old professor Thomas Blackwell were killed along with 33-year-old student, Angela Dales. Three other students were also wounded.[313] Odighizuwa received three life sentences and an additional 28 years without the possibility of parole until 2005.[314]
February 20, 2002	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	1	0	16-year-old Washington High School student, Joseph Johnson Jr., was killed by Phillip D. Jackson Jr., when violence erupts between rival fans in the parking lot, after a basketball game between Vincent High School.[315]
October 7, 2002	Bowie, Maryland	0	1	In the Beltway sniper attacks, one victim of several was 13-year-old Iran Brown, who was wounded as he arrived at Benjamin Tasker Middle School in Bowie, Maryland. His aunt, a nurse who had just dropped him off, rushed him to a hospital emergency room. Despite serious injuries, Brown survived the attack.[316][317]
October 28, 2002	Tucson, Arizona	4	0	Failing nursing college student and Gulf War veteran, 40-year-old Robert Stewart Flores Jr., killed three assistant professors of nursing at the University of Arizona, 50-year-old Robin Rogers, 44-year-old Cheryl McGaffic, and 45-year-old Barbara Monroe, before turning the gun on himself.[318]
October 29, 2002	Jersey City, New Jersey	0	1	A 15-year-old student was shot in the abdomen and wounded inside a basement of Lincoln High School, during an argument with another student. Another 15-year-old student was arrested and charged with attempted murder.[319]
April 14, 2003	New Orleans, Louisiana	1	3	John McDonogh High School shooting. 18-year-old Steven Williams, and 17-year-old James Tate opened fire with an AK-47 and a handgun in the gymnasium of John McDonogh High School, killing a 15-year-old student and wounding three female students. Williams was sentenced to life imprisonment, and Tate was sentenced to fifteen years.[320][321][322]
April 24, 2003	Red Lion, Pennsylvania	2	0	14-year-old student James Sheets, entered Red Lion Area Junior High School armed with his stepfather's pistols. He killed the school's principal, Eugene Segro, before killing himself.[323][324]
May 9, 2003	Cleveland, Ohio	1	2	On May 9, 2003, Biswanath Halder, a 62-year-old business school alumnus of Case Western Reserve University, killed a graduate student and wounded a professor and another student using a semi-automatic rifle. He held the building and its nearly 100 occupants hostage for seven hours before being apprehended by a SWAT team. He was sentenced to life in prison.[325][326]
September 24, 2003	Cold Spring, Minnesota	2	0	Rocori High School shooting: 15-year-old John Jason McLaughlin, shot 15-year-old freshman Seth Bartell and 17-year-old senior Aaron Rollins at Rocori High School. Rollins was killed immediately, and Bartell died from his wounds sixteen days later. McLaughlin was sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole in 2038.[303]
February 2, 2004	Washington, D.C.	1	0	Thomas J. Boykin was acquitted of the murder of 17-year-old James Richardson, a football player at Ballou High School in Southeast Washington.[327]
February 9, 2004	East Greenbush, New York	0	1	Jon W. Romano in East Greenbush, New York fired two rounds from a shotgun, wounding one teacher. He was tackled by the assistant principal and charged with one count of attempted murder.[328]
May 7, 2004	Randallstown, Maryland	0	4	Two students were charged with a school shooting that arose from a dispute after a basketball game at Randallstown High School. Four persons were injured, two seriously. One student was paralyzed from the waist down.[329]
February 8, 2005	Chicago, Illinois	0	1	An 18-year-old student at Bowen High School was shot in the leg as she left the school around 2:30 p.m.[330]
March 2, 2005	Dover, Tennessee	1	0	14-year-old Jason Clinard, killed his bus driver, 47-year-old Joyce Gregory, as she stopped to pick him up. Gregory had earlier reported Clinard for using snuff on the school bus. Clinard was given a life sentence.[331]
March 21, 2005	Red Lake, Minnesota	10	7	Red Lake shootings: 16-year-old student Jeffrey Weise, killed his grandfather and grandfather's companion at their home, where he had been living, at the Red Lake Indian Reservation. He drove to Red Lake Senior High School. Armed with his grandfather's police weapons, Weise killed five students, one teacher, and one security guard, wounding seven others, before committing suicide.[332]
September 13, 2005	Chicago, Illinois	0	1	At Harlan Community Academy High School, a fight broke out between two 15-year-old boys in the gymnasium. Christopher Huff took out a pistol, shooting the other youth in the leg. A police officer on duty at the school arrested the gunman. The suspected shooter was charged as an adult with aggravated battery with a firearm.[333]
November 8, 2005	Jacksboro, Tennessee	1	2	Campbell County High School shooting: Inside the Campbell County High School office, 15-year-old Kenneth Bartley, shot the school principal, Gary Seale. He shot assistant principals Ken Bruce and Jim Pierce. Bruce later died from his wound. Bartley was sentenced to forty-five years in prison with chance of parole after twenty-nine years.[334][335][215]
January 13, 2006	Longwood, Florida	0	1	15-year-old Christopher Penley, took a pellet gun to class at Milwee Middle School. After refusing to drop the weapon, he was shot when he pointed it at a police officer.[336]
February 23, 2006	Roseburg, Oregon	0	1	14-year-old freshman Vincent Wayne Leodoro, shot student 16-year-old Joseph Monti, four times in the back with a semi-automatic handgun at Roseburg High School. Leodoro walked away from the school campus, and was confronted near a restaurant by six police officers. He threatened suicide but was persuaded to surrender.[337] He was found guilty of attempted murder and assault in July 2006, and will be held in prison until he turns twenty five years old.[338]
March 14, 2006	Reno, Nevada	0	2	Pine Middle School shooting: In the hallway of Pine Middle School, 14-year-old James Scott Newman, injured two 14-year-old classmates, Alexander Rueda and Kenzie McKeon, with a revolver belonging to his parents. Two students received minor wounds. Newman was subdued by a physical education teacher. The youth was arrested and charged as an adult for attempted murder, use of a deadly weapon and use of a firearm by a minor.[339] He later pleaded guilty to charges of two counts of battery with a deadly weapon, and was sentenced as a juvenile. Newman was sentenced to house arrest until he completed two-hundred hours of community service.[340]
August 24, 2006	Essex Junction, Vermont	2	3	Christopher Williams, 26, shot his girlfriend's mother, Linda Lambesis, 57 at her home and from there he went to Essex Elementary School where Andrea, his girlfriend, worked. After he arrived at the elementary school, which was not in session at the time, he shot and killed Mary Alicia Shanks, 56, and shot Mary Snedeker, 52, nonfatally. He left the school and allegedly shot Chad Johansen, 26 nonfatally. He then turned the gun on himself, but did not die as a result.[341]
August 30, 2006	Hillsborough, North Carolina	0	2	After shooting and killing his father, teenager Alvaro Castillo went to his high school, where he wounded two students. He was reportedly obsessed with the Columbine shootings and had written an email to the current Columbine high school principal before committing his own crime.[342]
September 2, 2006	Shepherdstown, West Virginia	3	0	49-year-old Douglas W. Pennington, killed himself and his two sons, 26-year-old Logan P. Pennington, 24-year-old Benjamin M. Pennington, during a visit to the campus of Shepherd University.[343][344]
September 27, 2006	Bailey, Colorado	2	0	Platte Canyon High School hostage crisis: 53-year-old drifter, Duane Roger Morrison, walked into Platte Canyon High School and took six girls hostage. He sexually assaulted them. As a SWAT team stormed the classroom, he killed 16-year-old Emily Keyes, then took his own life.[345]
September 29, 2006	Cazenovia, Wisconsin	1	0	Weston High School shooting: At around 8 a.m., 15-year-old freshman, Eric Hainstock, entered Weston High School. He aimed a 20-gauge shotgun at social studies teacher, Chuck Keller, before it was wrestled from him by school custodian, Dave Thompson. Hainstock then shot 49-year-old high school principal, John Alfred Klang, with a .22 caliber revolver. Klang died later that afternoon.[346][347] Hainstock was charged and convicted of murder, and is serving a life sentence. He will be eligible for parole in 2037.[215][348]
October 2, 2006	Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania	6	3	West Nickel Mines School shooting: 32-year-old milk truck driver, Charles Carl Roberts IV, killed five Amish girls and wounded five others before killing himself in an Amish school in the hamlet of Nickel Mines, in Bart Township, Lancaster County.[349]
October 9, 2006	Joplin, Missouri	0	0	13-year-old student Thomas White fired one shot from a Mac-90 rifle at a hallway ceiling at Memorial Middle School. The gunshot struck a water pipe, and nobody was injured. White was tried as an adult on charges of assault and firearms possession, and in 2009 he was sentenced to ten years of prison.[350]
January 3, 2007	Tacoma, Washington	1	0	18-year-old student Douglas S. Chanthabouly, killed 17-year-old Samnang Kok, in the hallways of Henry Foss High School following a personal disagreement. In 2009, Chanthabouly was sentenced to 23 years in prison on a charge of second-degree murder.[351]
March 7, 2007	Compton, California	0	1	During an argument with several non-students and students, a student was shot in the elbow and wounded in the eating area at Centennial High School. The shooting occurred an hour after classes were dismissed, and students in after-school activities were sent home.[352]
April 16, 2007	Blacksburg, Virginia	33	23	Virginia Tech shooting: 23-year-old student, Seung-Hui Cho, killed thirty-two students and faculty members at Virginia Tech, and wounded another seventeen students and faculty members in two separate attacks that day, before committing suicide. It remains the deadliest attack by a lone gunman in US history.[353]
October 10, 2007	Cleveland, Ohio	1	4	SuccessTech Academy shooting: Asa H. Coon, a 14-year-old suspended student, returned to SuccessTech Academy, where he fired shots at people inside the school building, wounding two teachers and two students. He shot himself in the head, committing suicide.[269][354]
November 6, 2007	Miami Gardens, Florida	0	1	43-year-old 11th grade algebra teacher, Sergio Miranda, was shot by 19-year-old Patrick Lively, outside Miami Carol City Senior High School during a robbery but was expected to survive.[355][356] In 2011, Lively received a life sentence.[357]
February 4, 2008	Memphis, Tennessee	0	1	At Hamilton High School, a student shot a 16-year-old student in the leg during a classroom argument over rap music. The victim's injury was not life-threatening.[358]
February 8, 2008	Baton Rouge, Louisiana	3	0	Latina Williams, a 23-year-old nursing student at Louisiana Technical College killed two classmates and herself in a second floor classroom.[359]
February 11, 2008	Memphis, Tennessee	0	1	Following a feud that started off campus earlier in the week, a 19-year-old senior was shot by a 17-year-old sophomore during a gym class held in the cafeteria with about 75 other students at Mitchell High School, before handing the gun to a coach making no attempt to flee. The victim suffered at least two gunshot wounds and was in critical condition, the suspected shooter was in custody. "He walked up to him, shot him, and made a statement to the coach that 'It's over now,' ", said principal, Daniel Ware.[360]
February 12, 2008	Oxnard, California	1	0	Murder of Larry King: 14-year-old Brandon McInerney, shot 15-year-old Lawrence "Larry" King, twice in the head in the computer laboratory of E.O. Green Junior High School. McInerney was apprehended in a nearby neighborhood. King, who was openly homosexual, died two days later. McInerney was initially charged with a hate crime, but that charge was dropped. McInerney pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 21 years in prison.[361]
February 14, 2008	DeKalb, Illinois	6	21	Northern Illinois University shooting: 27-year-old Steven Kazmierczak, shot multiple people with a shotgun in a classroom of Northern Illinois University, killing five and injuring 21, before taking his own life. Kazmierczak was not enrolled at the university, but had attended in the years prior to the attack.[362]
August 14, 2008	Federal Way, Washington	1	0	26-year-old Omero Mendez was waiting at the Lakota Middle School campus to pick up his girlfriend's son. He was confronted by 16-year-old Luis F. Cosgaya-Alvarez and two of his friends, driving in an SUV. Cosgaya-Alvarez flashed gang signs at Mendez, and shot him once in the head. Mendez later died of his injuries. Cosgaya-Alvarez was arrested a few days later in Seattle and was charged with murder. Cosgaya-Alvarez pleaded guilty to murder and weapon enhancements, and was sentenced to eighteen years in prison.[363]
August 21, 2008	Knoxville, Tennessee	1	0	At Central High School, 15-year-old Jamar Siler killed 15-year-old Ryan McDonald. In 2011, Siler was sentenced to thirty years in prison after pleading guilty to murder in a plea agreement.[163]
October 16, 2008	Detroit, Michigan	1	3	16-year-old Christopher Walker, was killed, and three other teenagers were seriously wounded during a drive-by shooting near Henry Ford High School, soon after classes let out. Three teenagers were arrested and charged in connection with the shooting. The shooter, 15-year-old William Morton, was sentenced to life without parole, and Devon Bell was sentenced to forty-two years of prison.[364]
October 26, 2008	Conway, Arkansas	2	1	University of Central Arkansas shootings: Four young men fatally shot two students, 18-year-old Ryan Henderson, and 19-year-old Chavares Block, and wounded a 19-year-old campus visitor in the leg, outside the Arkansas Hall dormitory of University of Central Arkansas.[365]
November 13, 2008	Fort Lauderdale, Florida	1	0	15-year-old Amanda Collette, was killed in the hallway at Dillard High School. The shooter, 15-year-old Teah Wimberly, was sentenced to twenty-five years to life on a first-degree murder charge.[366]
January 9, 2009	Chicago, Illinois	0	5	After attendees were leaving a basketball game at Dunbar High School, a truck pulled over and someone inside fired shots at the crowd, wounding five people, three critically. 18-year-old Georgio Dukes, was arrested and charged a week later with five counts of felony aggravated battery with a firearm. Police believe that the attack was gang-related.[367]
April 26, 2009	Hampton, Virginia	0	3	18-year-old Odane Greg Maye, a former student of Hampton University, followed a 43-year-old pizza delivery man into his former dormitory. Armed with three guns, Maye wounded the delivery man, then the dorm monitor. Lastly, Maye shot himself in a suicide attempt. He survived and was convicted of two charges of malicious wounding, two counts of using a gun in a felony; burglary; and shooting in an occupied building. He was sentenced to fourteen years of prison in November 2009, and was ordered by a judge to pay more than $62,000 in restitution to his victims for lost wages.[368]
May 18, 2009	Cambridge, Massachusetts	1	0	20-year-old Jabrai Copney, 23-year-old Jason Aquino, and 19-year-old Blayn Jiggetts, of New York City, invited 21-year-old Justin Cosby, of Cambridge, into a Harvard College dormitory. After trying to rob him of a pound of marijuana, they shot him. Copney turned himself in four days later. Copney was convicted of murder. His partners pleaded guilty to armed robbery and manslaughter. His girlfriend, 21-year-old Brittany Smith, pleaded guilty to accessory after the fact, firearm possession, and misleading a grand jury.[369]
May 18, 2009	Larose, Louisiana	1	0	15-year-old Larose-Cut Off Middle School student, Justin Doucet, carried his backpack to a restroom, where he put on camouflage clothes, took out a semi-automatic handgun before storming into a classroom. He was going to shoot his school teacher, Jessica Plaisance, but the gun did not fire. He returned to the restroom and shot himself in the head, dying a week later of his wounds.[370][371]
June 16, 2009	San Francisco, California	0	3	After students were being let out of International Studies Academy on the first day of summer school classes, a man left a car and opened fire, wounding three people, including a 17-year-old female student. An 18-year-old man was arrested for being an accessory in the crime.[372]
September 3, 2009	San Bruno, California	0	1	A 20-year-old student was wounded in the parking lot of Skyline College after an argument between him and other men. The college campus was placed on lockdown. Three San Francisco residents, 18-year-old Germaine B. Benjamin, 20-year-old Dimaryea J. McGhee, and 18-year-old Jacori W. Bender, were each arrested and charged with felony firearm offenses.[373]
October 16, 2009	Conway, South Carolina	1	0	16-year-old student, Trevor Varinecz was killed by a school resourve officer after allegedly stabbing the officer.[215][374]

2010s

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Description
February 5, 2010	Madison, Alabama	1	0	14-year-old student, Hammad Memon, killed 14-year-old Todd Brown at Discovery Middle School as classes were changing. The shooting was possibly related to gang activities. In May 2013, Memon pleaded guilty to the murder and was sentenced to thirty years of prison. After Memon is released from prison, he is likely to be deported to his native Pakistan.[375]
February 12, 2010	Huntsville, Alabama	3	3	2010 University of Alabama in Huntsville shooting: 44-year-old biology professor, Amy Bishop, killed the chairman of the biology department, 52-year-old Gopi K. Podila, and biology professors, 50-year-old, Maria Ragland Davis and 52-year-old Adriel D. Johnson. She also wounded biology professors, Luis Rogelio Cruz-Vera and Joseph G. Leahy, and staff assistant, Stephanie Monticciolo.[374]
February 19, 2010	DeKalb, Illinois	0	1	Less than a week after Northern Illinois University solemnly marked the second anniversary of a mass shooting on campus that claimed the lives of five students, the DeKalb school was the scene of further gun violence. 24-year-old NIU student, Brian Mulder, refused entry to 22-year-old Zachary R. Isaacman, when he had tried to follow a female resident into the Stevenson Residence Hall North, where they were living, because he was not a resident. Moments later, while outside the dorm smoking with a friend, Mulder was shot by Isaacman, with a handgun in the leg above the knee. Isaacman tried to flee, but was caught by police within minutes.[376]
February 23, 2010	Littleton, Colorado	0	2	At Deer Creek Middle School, 32-year-old Bruco Strong Eagle Eastwood opened fire from a rifle in a parking lot, and wounded two eighth-graders Reagan Webber and Matt Thieu, before being restrained by 57-year-old Math teacher, David Benke, and held until his arrest. The boy's wounds were critical for the four days following the shooting.[377] In October 2011, Eastwood was found not guilty by reason of insanity.[378][374]
March 9, 2010	Columbus, Ohio	1	1	51-year-old Ohio State University custodian, Nathaniel Brown, killed a co-worker and wounded another.[374]
September 8, 2010	Detroit, Michigan	0	2	Two students were wounded in front of Mumford High School by 17-year-old Steven Jamal Hare. He was tried as an adult and charged with assault with intent to kill. In 2012, Hare was sentenced to 27 years in prison.[379]
September 28, 2010	Austin, Texas	0	1	A gunman wielding an AK-47 and wearing a ski mask opened fire and then killed himself in a University of Texas library this morning[380]
October 1, 2010	Salinas, California	1	0	15-year-old student Jose Daniel Cisneros was killed after being shot several times on an athletic field at Alisal High School while walking to school. Police said that the shooting was gang-related.[381]
October 8, 2010	Carlsbad, California	0	2	41-year-old Brendan O'Rourke climbed over a fence and opened fire with a handgun in a playground of Kelly Elementary School, which had 230 students; two second-grade female students were grazed in the arms before O'Rourke was subdued by a construction worker. He was found guilty of seven counts of attempted murder and was sentenced to 189 years to life in prison.[382]
November 29, 2010	Marinette, Wisconsin	1	0	15-year-old Samuel Hengel, took 23 students and a teacher hostage inside a classroom of Marinette High School for five hours. He had stormed into the class, firing with a handgun at a movie projector. Police persuaded Hengel to release the hostages. After officers entered the building, Hengel shot himself in the head. He died the next day.[383]
December 6, 2010	Aurora, Colorado	0	1	In a gang-related attack outside Aurora Central High School, a 17-year-old girl was paralysed. She was one of a group of students outside the school. 20-year-old Luis Enrique Guzman-Rincon, had fired shots from a car trying to hit gang rivals. Guzman-Ricon was sentenced to thirty-five years in prison.[384]
January 5, 2011	Omaha, Nebraska	2	2	At Millard South High School, 18-year-old student, Robert Butler Jr., killed assistant principal Dr. Vicki Kaspar and wounded principal Curtis Case before opening fire at police in the front office area, causing the school nurse to be wounded by gunshot debris. Butler then drove to a parking lot and shot himself as police cornered him.[385]
March 25, 2011	Martinsville, Indiana	0	1	Michael Phelps, a 15-year-old suspended student, returned to Martinsville West Middle School with a handgun. In the entrance of the school, Phelps shot 15-year-old Chance Jackson twice in the abdomen, critically wounding him. Phelps fled the school and dropped the handgun; he was arrested shortly after. Jackson had to undergo surgery three times to save his life; he suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder. Phelps was convicted of attempted murder in August 2011, and was sentenced to thirty years in prison and five years of probation.[386]
March 31, 2011	Houston, Texas	1	5	Multiple gunmen opened fire during a powder puff football game at Worthing High School. One man, an 18-year-old former student named Tremaine De Ante’ Paul, died. Five other people were injured.[387]
May 23, 2011	Pearl City, Hawaii	0	1	A 14-year-old male student is accused of firing a handgun on the campus of Highlands Intermediate School, wounding one student. The gunman was arrested on suspicion of attempted murder. Two other suspects were arrested in connection with the shooting.[388]
October 24, 2011	Fayetteville, North Carolina	0	1	Cape Fear High School shooting: 15-year-old Catilyn Abercrombie, was shot in the neck with a rifle by fellow student, 15-year-old Charles Underwood, at Cape Fear High School. She was hospitalized for two months in a serious condition. Underwood was arrested and charged with attempted murder. He was convicted of attempted first-degree murder and sentenced to fifteen years in prison.[389]
December 8, 2011	Blacksburg, Virginia	2	0	22-year-old, Ross Truett Ashley, part-time business student at Radford University, killed a police officer engaged in an unrelated traffic stop on the campus of Virginia Tech, he then committed suicide in a nearby parking lot.[390]
December 9, 2011	Edinburg, Texas	0	2	Two students were shot after school at Harwell Middle School in Edinburg, Texas while trying out for their school's basketball team. The shooting allegedly was done by an adult off campus, who was shooting at a target range.[391]
January 10, 2012	Houston, Texas	0	1	A student opened fire with a handgun at North Forest High School, wounding another student. The shooter said that he had been confronted by three students who had been bullying him and he shot in self-defense. He hit a 16-year-old bystander in the leg. The 18-year-old suspect was charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.[392]
February 27, 2012	Chardon, Ohio	3	3	Chardon High School shooting: 17-year-old Thomas "T. J." Lane, took a semi-automatic handgun and a knife to Chardon High School, where he fired ten shots at a group of students sitting in the cafeteria. He killed three boys and wounded three other students. One 16-year-old died immediately, two others died the following day. Lane was arrested early the next morning while standing near his car.[393] He was charged as an adult with murder, attempted murder, and firearms offenses. In March 2013, he was convicted and sentenced to three life sentences without the possibility of parole.[394]
April 2, 2012	Oakland, California	7	3	Oikos University shooting: 43-year-old One L. Goh, was accused of shooting dead seven students with a handgun and wounding three others at Oikos University, a Christian college. He fled the scene, stealing a victim's car, and was apprehended hours later nearby. Goh was charged with seven counts of murder. In January 2013, Goh was determined to be mentally unfit for trial and committed for treatment.[395]
August 16, 2012	Memphis, Tennessee	0	2	Two Hamilton High School students were wounded in the parking lot of the school. The attack was believed to be gang-related.[396]
August 27, 2012	Perry Hall, Maryland	0	1	15-year-old Robert Gladden, fired two shots with a shotgun inside the cafeteria at Perry Hall School. He hit a 17-year-old senior in the lower back, causing critical wounds. The youth has Down's syndrome. Gladden was subdued by two school faculty members, and arrested. In February 2013, he was sentenced to thirty-five years in prison on attempted murder charges.[397]
September 7, 2012	Normal, Illinois	0	0	A 14-year-old student fired multiple gunshots in a classroom ceiling at Normal Community High School, and was tackled by a teacher. Nobody was injured. The student was arrested and charged with sixteen felony counts.[398][399]
October 6, 2012	Mobile, Alabama	1	0	18-year-old student, Gil Collar, was fatally shot by a campus police officer while having a medical emergency. Collar had ingested a legal lab chemical, it is unknown if he had done so voluntarily. Acting erratically, he approached the police station while naked and battered. Officer Trevis Austin, equipped with pepper spray and a baton, felt his life was threatened by the unarmed 140 lb teen. Video shows that the officer shot Collar before the student approached within five feet of him.[400] Austin was cleared of any wrongdoing by the university.[401]
October 19, 2012	Los Angeles, California	1	0	18-year-old Banner Academy South student, Terrance Wright, was killed during an attempted robbery. Wright was approached by five would-be robbers as he left the school about 3:40 p.m.. He was shot in the chest as he fought back when one assailant was going through his pockets. Wright had been picked on at his previous high school because he was gay, which led him to transfer to Banner.[402]
October 31, 2012	Los Angeles, California	0	4	At a Halloween party on the University of Southern California campus, an argument escalated and 20-year-old Brandon Spencer, used a handgun to shoot rival gang member, Geno Hall, seven times, critically wounding him. Spencer wounded three other people, none were students at USC, they were hospitalized with less serious injuries. Spencer was arrested just minutes after the shooting, which took place outside USC’s Grand Ballroom at around 11:30 p.m.[403] In April 2014, he was convicted of attempted murder and sentenced to forty years to life in prison.[404]
December 14, 2012	Newtown, Connecticut	28	2	Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting: 20-year-old Adam Lanza, killed twenty-six people and himself. He first killed his mother at their shared home before taking her guns and driving to the school. Lanza brought four guns with him. He killed twenty first-grade children aged six and seven during the attack at school, along with six adults, including four teachers, the principal, and the school psychologist. Two other persons were injured. Lanza then killed himself as police arrived at the school.[393][405]
January 7, 2013	Fort Myers, Florida	1	0	Shots were fired at Apostolic Revival Center Christian School, leaving 27-year-old Kristopher Smith dead in what was believed to be a retaliation killing, possibly for his talking with police about a previous incident.[406][407]
January 10, 2013	Taft, California	0	2	16-year-old student, Bryan Oliver, entered a science classroom of Taft Union High School with a shotgun and opened fire, critically wounding 16-year-old student Bowe Cleveland. He shot at but missed another student. The classroom teacher Ryan Heber convinced Oliver, to drop his weapon. He was later arrested. On January 14, he was charged with two counts of attempted murder and assault with a firearm.[408] He was convicted and sentenced to 32 years in prison.[409]
January 12, 2013	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	A 16-year-old Osborn High School student is wounded after a basketball game.[408]
January 15, 2013	St. Louis, Missouri	0	2	A gunman wounded an administrator in his office on the fourth floor of Stevens Institute of Business and Arts. The suspected gunman, Sean Johnson, a part-time student, wounded himself in a stairwell. Both the administrator and Johnson were hospitalized in stable conditions. Johnson was charged with three felony charges, including assault.[410]
January 15, 2013	Hazard, Kentucky	3	0	Two people were killed and a third person was wounded at the parking lot of Hazard Community and Technical College.[411] The third victim, 12-year-old Taylor Cornett, died from her wounds the next day.[412] 21-year-old Dalton Lee Stidham, was arrested and charged with three counts of murder.
January 16, 2013	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	A 17-year-old boy, Tyrone Lawson, was killed in a parking lot of Chicago State University. The shooting happened after high school basketball games held on the campus, where Lawson had been a spectator. Police arrested two people after the shooting and recovered a weapon.[408][413]
January 22, 2013	Houston, Texas	0	3	Lone Star College–North Harris shooting: Outside Lone Star College–North Harris, two men got into an argument. One wounded the other. He also wounded a maintenance man, and accidentally shot himself in the leg. The shooter fled into the woods and was arrested hours later. The charges against the initial suspect were dropped and another man was arrested.[414]
January 31, 2013	Phoenix, Arizona	0	0	An argument between two rival gangs escalated to what police described as a "gun battle" at Cesar Chavez High School. Approximately fifteen shots were fired in the vicinity of people waiting to get into a scheduled boy's basketball game. No one was injured.[415]
January 31, 2013	Atlanta, Georgia	0	2	A 14-year-old male student was wounded at Price Middle School. The gunman, a student, was believed to be arguing with the other student before using a handgun to shoot him. A teacher was also wounded. Afterward, the gunman was disarmed by a school resource officer and arrested; police charged him with aggravated assault.[416]
March 18, 2013	Orlando, Florida	1	0	At the University of Central Florida, 30-year-old student James Oliver Seevakumaran pulled a fire alarm at the Tower One dormitory, to attract a crowd. He pointed a handgun at his roommate and threatened to shoot him in their room; he released the roommate, who ran out and called 9-1-1. Seevakumaran then fatally shot himself in the head. Authorities found an assault weapon, a couple hundred rounds of ammunition and four homemade bombs inside his backpack.[417]
April 12, 2013	Dublin, Virginia	0	2	New River Community College shooting incident: Two women were wounded during a shooting at the campus of New River Community College. 18-year-old Neil Allen MacInnis, was taken into custody. In June 2014, he was sentenced to 38 years in prison.[418]
April 16, 2013	Grambling, Louisiana	0	3	Three students were injured on the campus of Grambling State University.[419]
April 18, 2013	Cambridge, Massachusetts	2	1	At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, near Building 32, the Ray and Maria Stata Center, a campus police officer was shot multiple times and killed. The shooting was believed to be perpetrated by the suspects of the Boston Marathon bombings three days prior to this shooting. The two suspects were brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev. About three hours after the MIT shooting, Tamerlan died in a gunfight with police in Watertown, Massachusetts. Another officer was seriously wounded. Dzhokhar was arrested 18 hours afterward in Watertown, and was hospitalized in critical condition from a gunshot wound to the neck.[420]
May 14, 2013	Birmingham, Alabama	0	0	Allegedly responding to a student fight, a mother of a student fired a weapon on the campus of Ossie Ware Mitchell Middle School. No one was injured.[421]
June 7, 2013	Santa Monica, California	6	4	2013 Santa Monica shooting: 23-year-old John Zawahri, began a killing spree at his home. After killing his 55-year-old father, Samir "Sam" Zawahri, and 25-year-old brother, Chris Zawahri, he set the house ablaze. Dressed all in black with body armor and wielding an AR-15-type semi-automatic rifle, Zawahri carjacked 41-year-old Laura Siska, shooting 50-year-old Debra Fine, as she attempted to intervene, before forcing Siska to drive to Santa Monica College. Upon arriving on the college campus, Zawahri began shooting at passing vehicles, including a police car and a city bus, leaving three people with minor injuries. Zawahri next targeted a Ford Explorer, killing the driver, 68-year-old campus groundskeeper, Carlos Navarro Franco, and fatally wounding the passenger, his 26-year-old daughter Marcela Diaz-Franco, a student at the college, who died two days later. 68-year-old Margarita Gomez, who was collecting cans outside the library, died after being shot in the abdomen and chest. Zawahri opened fire on students who were trying to run away. It ended at the college library where he opened fire on students studying for finals, before being fatally wounded in an exchange of gunfire with responding police officers.[422]
August 20, 2013	Decatur, Georgia	0	0	Armed with an automatic rifle, 21-year-old Michael Brandon Hill fired six shots inside the front office of Ronald E. McNair Discovery Learning Academy. He barricaded himself in the office, where police returned fire. Nobody was injured. Children were evacuated. After talking with school bookkeeper, Antoinette Tuff in the front office, he was persuaded to surrender before anyone was hurt. Hill was arrested and charged.[423][424]
August 23, 2013	Sardis, Mississippi	1	2	15-year-old student, Roderick Bobo, was shot during a football game at North Panola High School in what was termed as a gang-related shooting. Two others were injured in the shooting. Three men were charged as being responsible for the crime.[425]
August 30, 2013	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	0	1	A 15-year-old male student was shot at Carver High School, at 2:30 p.m.. He was hospitalized with minor injuries.[423] An 18-year-old male student was apprehended without further incident. The suspected gunman is charged with assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury, carrying a concealed gun, possessing and discharging a firearm, and carrying a firearm onto educational property. The shooting was believed related to a dispute between the suspect and the victim.[426]
October 4, 2013	Pine Hills, Florida	0	2	A 16-year-old student was shot in the hip outside Agape Christian Academy after a fight broke out at 2 p.m.. An innocent bystander was hit by a stray bullet or shrapnel. The two victims were treated for minor injuries. The suspected shooter reportedly fled in a car with several other males, and was not caught.[427]
October 21, 2013	Sparks, Nevada	2	2	12-year-old seventh-grade student Jose Reyes opened fire with a handgun at the basketball courts of Sparks Middle School, injuring one student in the shoulder. Michael Landsberry, a teacher and veteran, tried to intervene and was killed by Reyes. Reyes also wounded a student trying to help the teacher. Reyes then committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.[393][423] The shooting happened before classes, and the school was evacuated and was closed for the week.[428]
November 2, 2013	Greensboro, North Carolina	0	1	A 21-year-old student was wounded at North Carolina A&T State University. The victim was hospitalized for serious but non-life-threatening injuries. The university was temporarily locked down that night. No suspects are in custody.[429]
November 3, 2013	Lithonia, Georgia	0	2	A Stephenson High School student and a janitor were shot in an apparent confrontation between football team members and a group of teens who were not attending the school. Both were innocent bystanders.[430]
November 13, 2013	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	0	3	After classes ended, at least one gunman came out of the woods and opened fire on three students as they were walking to their cars at Brashear High School. One student was grazed in the head, another was struck in the neck and shoulder, and a third was hit in the leg and foot. Six people were taken into custody. The shooting is believed to be drug-related.[431]
December 4, 2013	Winter Garden, Florida	0	1	A 15-year-old student was wounded by a 17-year-old student near a soccer field on the campus of West Orange High School. The shooting occurred after a fight broke out between the two students. The 17-year-old suspected shooter was taken into custody several miles away from the school, and is charged with attempted murder, aggravated battery with a firearm, possession of a firearm by a minor and possession of a firearm on school grounds. In October 2014, the shooter was sentenced to twenty-five years in prison.[432]
December 13, 2013	Centennial, Colorado	2	0	18-year-old Karl Pierson, shot 17-year-old student Claire Davis in the head, fatally injuring her, in a hallway in Arapahoe High School. Pierson then took his own life.[393] Pierson was armed with a shotgun, three Molotov cocktails, and a machete. His intention was to shoot the librarian who had disciplined him. Claire Davis died from her injuries on December 21, 2013.[433]
December 19, 2013	Fresno, California	0	1	Four teens entered Edison High School in what was believed as a gang-initiation process. After accosting a 62-year-old woman about a mile away from school grounds, they found an athletic trainer who taught at Edison High and shot him several times in the leg and stomach.[434]
January 9, 2014	Jackson, Tennessee	0	1	A student was charged with bringing a gun to school at Liberty Technology Magnet High School and shooting a classmate in the thigh. The incident occurred outside the front of the school.[435]
January 13, 2014	New Haven, Connecticut	0	1	A 14-year-old boy was shot outside of a basketball game at the Hillhouse High School athletic facility, suffering wounds in his hand and leg.[436]
January 14, 2014	Roswell, New Mexico	0	3	Two people were wounded inside the gymnasium of Berrendo Middle School, at about 8:10 a.m.. An 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl were airlifted to a hospital in Lubbock, Texas in critical condition. The 12-year-old suspected shooter, Mason Campbell, a seventh grade student, was apprehended at the scene after he was talked down by a staff member and dropped the shotgun. A staff member received minor injuries. Campbell was charged with three counts of aggravated battery with a deadly weapon. He was sentenced to a maximum sentence of confinement in a juvenile detention facility until he is twenty one years old.[437]
January 17, 2014	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	0	2	A student allegedly shot two other students in the gymnasium at Delaware Valley Charter School. Both victims, a male and a female, were shot in the arm. They were taken to a nearby hospital and are in stable condition, police say. Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey said at a news conference that the shooter ran out of the school after the shooting but was taken into custody near his home. 17-year-old Raisheem Rochwell was arrested and charged as an adult for aggravated assault, recklessly endangering another person and firearms offenses. Rochwell was sentenced to two years of juvenile detention.[438]
January 20, 2014	Chester, Pennsylvania	0	1	One person was critically injured at Widener University. The incident occurred around 10 p.m. outside the university sport’s complex and led to an 8-hour university lock-down. The suspect was not immediately found.[439]
January 21, 2014	West Lafayette, Indiana	1	0	A 21-year-old student, Andrew Boldt, was killed in a classroom building on the campus of Purdue University. 24-year-old student Cody Cousins was found guilty of the murder and was sentenced to sixty-five years of prison. In October 2014, Cousins committed suicide in his cell.[440]
January 24, 2014	Orangeburg, South Carolina	1	0	A 20-year-old student was killed at South Carolina State University. A 19-year-old was arrested and charged with murder.[441]
January 25, 2014	Los Angeles, California	1	0	A man was killed at Los Angeles Valley College. Two suspects were arrested in the fatal shooting.[442]
January 27, 2014	Carbondale, Illinois	0	1	A group of students at Rebound High School got in an argument in the school's parking lot. One student pulled out a gun and shot another student in the ensuing altercation. An 18-year-old suspect is facing charges of attempted murder.[443]
January 28, 2014	Nashville, Tennessee	0	1	One student was shot in the leg in an apparent altercation over a gambling debt at Tennessee State University.[444]
January 30, 2014	Palm Bay, Florida	0	1	Three students were fighting in a parking lot of Eastern Florida State College and one pulled out a gun and shot another of the students. All three student claimed self-defense.[445]
January 31, 2014	Des Moines, Iowa	0	1	After a basketball game at North High School, there was gunfire in a parking lot of the school. Six males in a black jeep had came moments before the shooting and returned at the time it happened. A 15-year-old girl was injured by a ricocheting bullet. While officers were gaining control of the area, teachers on the scene led students into the school building for safety.[446]
February 10, 2014	Salisbury, North Carolina	0	1	A 16-year-old student was shot in the stomach on the campus of Salisbury High School during a dispute in the school gym. 17-year-old suspect was charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill inflicting serious injury, possession of a firearm on school property and discharging a weapon on school property.[447]
February 10, 2014	Lyndhurst, Ohio	0	0	Five shots were fired in the parking lot of Charles F. Brush High School, including one which hit an unoccupied police car. No one was reported to be injured, though a school basketball game was going on at the time.[448]
February 12, 2014	Los Angeles, California	0	1	A male victim was shot in the back in a possible gang-related drive-by shooting near the University of Southern California. The suspect fled into the University Campus. The victim was last reported in stable condition before being transported to a local hospital.[449]
February 22, 2014	Augusta, Georgia	0	1	A shooting involving a campus police officer occurred at a Georgia Regents University dormitory complex. A male suspect entered a vehicle and nearly struck an officer, who opened fire. The suspect was taken to Georgia Regents Medical Center with injuries that were not believed to be critical.[450]
March 12, 2014	Miami, Florida	1	0	An elementary school teacher was killed outside The Academy of Knowledge Preschool. Police investigators believe the shooting stemmed from an argument the victim had with an unidentified man at a house close to the preschool. The suspect fled the scene and remains at large.[451]
March 25, 2014	College Park, Georgia	0	0	An argument between students led to shots being fired in a Benjamin Banneker High School parking lot during the afternoon. Investigators believe multiple people were present when shots were fired, but it was not known how many could face charges for the incident. No one was injured in the shooting.[452]
April 9, 2014	Greenville, North Carolina	0	0	Just after the lunch hour, at D. H. Conley High School, a car drove past the school and witnesses said an occupant reached out of a car window and fired shots in the direction of the school. This incident occurred on Worthington and Tull Roads, directly in front of the school. No one was injured.[453]
April 11, 2014	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	After a Friday evening student awards ceremony called "Grammy Night", four men who were affiliated with a gang fired into a crowd in the parking lot of East English Village Preparatory Academy. One 19-year-old, Darryl Smith, was fatally shot in the head. Smith was not a student at the academy.[454]
May 4, 2014	Augusta, Georgia	0	1	Two men fired shots inside a dormitory at Paine College on Sunday, injuring one student in the head. Neither of the suspects were students at the college.[455]
May 5, 2014	Augusta, Georgia	0	1	An active shooter situation was reported at Paine College on Monday with one person reported to be shot. The suspect was apparently apprehended and in custody. It was the second shooting incident to occur at the college campus in two days.[456]
May 8, 2014	Lawrenceville, Georgia	0	1	A person was shot on a student parking lot roof at Georgia Gwinnett College, receiving an injury. The specific cause has not been identified.[457]
May 14, 2014	Richmond, California	0	1	A 14-year-old student was injured during a drive-by shooting in front of John F. Kennedy High School at 8:30 a.m.. He was shot as he was running towards the school campus after a fight took place. The student suffered a serious but stable injury to his leg. Police are searching for a suspect.[458]
June 5, 2014	Seattle, Washington	1	3	19-year-old students, Paul Lee and Sarah Williams, and 24-year-old student, Thomas Fowler, were shot inside a hallway of Otto Miller Hall at Seattle Pacific University.[459] Freshman Lee was rushed to Harborview Medical Center but later died. The shooter was subdued with pepper spray and tackled to the ground by student building monitor, Jon Meis, as he paused to reload his shotgun. 26-year-old Aaron Rey Ybarra was arrested at the scene and has been charged with premeditated and attempted murder.[460]
June 10, 2014	Troutdale, Oregon	2	1	At around 8:30 a.m. shots were fired at Reynolds High School. 14-year-old freshman Emilio Hoffman was killed, a physical education teacher was injured, and the gunman, 15-year-old Jared Padgett, exchanged gunfire with police officers and then committed suicide in a restroom stall.[393][461]
September 9, 2014	Miami, Florida	0	1	Towards the end of the school day, one alternative school student in Miami was shot as a small group of students tussled. The injury was minor, requiring hospitalization, and five young adults were later questioned.[462]
September 27, 2014	Terre Haute, Indiana	0	1	A 20-year-old Indiana State University student was shot by another student on Saturday inside a residence hall. The injuries were not fatal, and a full recovery was expected. The shooter was arrested on the following day.[463]
September 30, 2014	Albemarle, North Carolina	0	1	Two students got in an argument at Albemarle High School around 7:30 a.m. on Tuesday, and one of the students shot the other twice including once in the leg. The student who committed the shooting was allegedly involved in a stabbing of a football player last year at West Montgomery High School, which is only 20 miles (32 km) away in Mount Gilead, North Carolina. The school had held an active shooter training over the summer, which prepared the school for this incident.[464]
September 30, 2014	Louisville, Kentucky	0	1	One student was injured at Fern Creek Traditional High School. The incident occurred around 1 p.m., reportedly after student became enraged in a hallway and pulled out a gun. The student was arrested later that day.[465]
October 3, 2014	Fairburn, Georgia	1	0	After a homecoming football game, a fatal shooting of 17-year-old Kristofer Hunter, occurred in the Langston Hughes High School parking lot. The assailant, 18-year-old Eric Dana Johnson Jr., turned himself in a week later.[466]
October 24, 2014	Marysville, Washington	5	1	Marysville Pilchuck High School shooting. 15-year-old freshman, Jaylen Fryberg, shot five students in the school cafeteria of Marysville Pilchuck High School, fatally wounding four, before committing suicide.[393][467]
November 20, 2014	Tallahassee, Florida	1	3	At around 12:40 a.m. EST, a gunman opened fired in or near the Strozier Library at Florida State University. Three people suffered gunshot injuries and were taken to a local area hospital. One was in critical condition, another was in good condition, and the third was shortly released after treatment. The gunman, later identified as Myron May, an alumnus from the school, started firing towards responding police officers and was fatally shot by them on the steps of the library.[468]
November 20, 2014	Miami, Florida	1	1	Two teens were shot during a fight at Miami Carol City High School. One of the boys died.[469]
December 5, 2014	Claremore, Oklahoma	1	0	38-year-old Thomas Floyd Fees, a former Tulsa police officer, fired two gunshots the campus of Rogers State University before committing suicide. He had previously been arrested the day before for entering a female student's dormitory room with observable intent to commit a sexual assault.[470]
December 12, 2014	Portland, Oregon	0	3	Rosemary Anderson High School shooting: A gunman shot three students and a man outside Rosemary Anderson High School in north Portland. A 16-year-old girl was in critical condition, while the others suffered minor injuries. Two men, aged eighteen and twenty-two, were arrested in connection with the shooting.[471]
January 15, 2015	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	0	3	A 15-year-old boy, a student's father, and a teacher were each injured in the school parking lot at Wisconsin Lutheran High School. The student had unspecified injuries that were treated. The father was shot in the knee and the teacher was grazed in the toe. A 36-year-old man was charged in the shooting.[472]
January 16, 2015	Ocala, Florida	0	2	Two were injured in gunfire that occurred after a Friday night basketball game. One was injured directly by a bullet, the other by ricocheting glass.[473]
February 4, 2015	Frederick, Maryland	0	2	Two students were shot near the gymnasium of Frederick High School during a junior varsity (JV) boy's basketball game. Approximately two hundred students, staff, and faculty were placed on lockdown for several hours after the shooting while police searched for the suspects. No suspects have been apprehended, although witnesses report seeing four black males dressed all in black who are considered by police to be suspects in this shooting.[474]
February 14, 2015	Merced, California	1	0	A teenager was found killed in the parking lot of Tenaya Middle School. The shooting was reported to have occurred after school hours.[475]
February 23, 2015	Daytona Beach, Florida	0	3	Two students argued outside the music building at Bethune-Cookman University when one pulled out a gun. Both had guns and it is not disclosed who did the shooting, injuring three students. A reward was offered to help solve this case.[476]
March 30, 2015	University City, Missouri	0	1	Police said one person has been arrested for a shooting at Pershing Elementary School. The shooting occurred in the parking lot, with a 34-year-old-man being shot in the buttocks.[477]
April 13, 2015	Goldsboro, North Carolina	1	0	A faculty member was killed with a rifle in the school library of Wayne Community College. The suspected 20-year-old gunman, Kenneth Stancil, was arrested in Florida the next day, and is charged with first-degree murder.[478]
April 16, 2015	Paradis, Louisiana	0	1	A police officer was shot outside a school in a school zone while he was directing school buses into J.B. Martin Middle School, and the suspect was apprehended at the scene.[479]
April 27, 2015	Lacey, Washington	0	0	A 15-year-old student at North Thurston High School walked into the commons area and fired two shots into the ceiling from a .357 magnum pistol. Brady Olson, a teacher at the school, was able to tackle the student before they could turn the gun on other students. No one was injured or killed. The student is facing charges of firing and possessing a gun on school property.[480]
May 12, 2015	Jacksonville, Florida	0	2	Police report that a 16-year-old shot five bullets into a school bus and injured two students. Apparently, there was an argument that touched on previous events.[481]
May 24, 2015	Flint, Michigan	0	7	In the early morning hours of Memorial Day weekend, a group of people were at Southwestern Classical Academy in the parking lot. Shots rang out and seven were injured, with two men being apprehended and charged.[482]
August 27, 2015	Savannah, Georgia	1	0	22-year-old student Christopher Starks was fatally shot in a student union building at Savannah State University. The shooter has not been identified.[483]
September 3, 2015	Sacramento, California	1	2	A man was arguing with at least one other person escalated into a physical fight on the parking lot of Sacramento City College. A man opened fire, killing a 25-year-old student and wounding two others. The shooting suspect has not been arrested.[484]
September 30, 2015	Harrisburg, South Dakota	0	1	A principal was shot in the arm and wounded at Harrisburg High School after an argument with a student. The suspect, a 16-year-old student at the school, was taken into custody and is charged with first-degree attempted murder.[485]
October 1, 2015	Roseburg, Oregon	10	9	Umpqua Community College shooting: At around 10:40 a.m. PDT, a gunman, identified as 26-year-old student Christopher Harper-Mercer, opened fire in a hall on the Umpqua Community College campus, killing eight students and one teacher, and injuring nine others. Mercer then committed suicide after engaging responding police officers in a brief gunfight.[486]
October 9, 2015	Flagstaff, Arizona	1	3	One student died and three others were wounded in a shooting at Northern Arizona University. It is unclear what sparked the shooting, which took place near Mountain View Hall, a dormitory that houses most of the campus' students involved in Greek organizations. An 18-year-old student was arrested and charged with murder and aggravated assault.[487]
October 9, 2015	Houston, Texas	1	1	One person died and another person was injured after someone opened fire outside a Texas Southern University dorm.[488]
October 22, 2015	Nashville, Tennessee	1	3	One person was killed and three others were wounded in a shooting at an outdoor courtyard at Tennessee State University. The shooting may have stemmed from an argument over a dice game. A suspect has not been identified or arrested.[489]
November 1, 2015	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	1	1	One person died and another person was injured after someone opened fire on the campus of Winston-Salem State University. A 21-year-old non-student suspect is sought.[490]
November 20, 2015	North Las Vegas, Nevada	1	0	A 16-year-old student was fatally shot during a fight after school hours that involved multiple people on the campus of Mojave High School.[491]
January 22, 2016	Indianapolis, Indiana	0	1	A 15-year-old male was shot in the leg and injured during a night-time basketball game at Lawrence Central High School.[492]
January 29, 2016	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	0	0	A gunshot was fired during a fight in a stairwell at Franklin High School, and no injuries were reported. Three people were detained.[493]
February 9, 2016	Muskegon Heights, Michigan	0	4	Four people, including two students, were injured during a basketball game event in the parking lot of Muskegon Heights High School.[494]
February 12, 2016	Glendale, Arizona	2	0	Two 15-year-old girls died in an apparent Murder-Suicide at Independence High School.[495]
February 29, 2016	Middletown, Ohio	0	4	15-year-old Cameron Smith, and 14-year-old Cooper Caffrey, were shot when 14-year-old James Austin Hancock, opened fire in the Madison High School cafeteria with a .380 caliber handgun. 15-year-old Brant Murray, and 14-year-old Katherine Douchette, also suffered shrapnel injuries.[496] Hancock was apprehended in a nearby wooded field.[497]
April 23, 2016	Antigo, Wisconsin	1	2	Two students at a prom at Antigo High School were shot and injured by 18-year-old former student Jakob Wagner. Wagner later exchanged fire with a school resource officer in the school's parking lot, and was captured after being shot and wounded by police. He died hours later in a hospital.

See also

• List of school-related attacks

References

• Nash, Jay Robert (1992). World Encyclopedia of 20th Century Murder (1st ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-590-77532-5.
• Perline, Irvin H.; Goldschmidt, Jona (2004). The Psychology and Law of Workplace Violence: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Employers (illustrated ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher. ISBN 978-0-398-07432-6.
• Dixon, David (2005). Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America. University of Oklahoma Press (illustrated ed.) (Norman, Oklahoma). ISBN 978-0-806-13656-1.
• Middleton, Richard (2007). Pontiac's War: Its Causes, Course and Consequences. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-97914-6.
• Davies, Kim (2008). The Murder Book: Examining Homicide (illustrated ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-131-72401-3.
• Lebrun, Marcel (2008). Books, Blackboards, and Bullets: School Shootings and Violence in America (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Education. ISBN 978-1-578-86904-6.
• Chalmers, Phil (2009). Inside the Mind of a Teen Killer (illustrated ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 978-1-595-55152-8.
• Finley, Laura (2011). Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-36239-2.
• Van Brunt, Brian (2012). Ending Campus Violence: New Approaches to Prevention. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-51494-4.
• Klein, Jessie (2013). The Bully Society: School Shootings and the Crisis of Bullying in America’s Schools (reprint ed.). New York, New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-814-76371-1.
• Finley, Laura (2014). School Violence: A Reference Handbook, 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-610-69624-1.
• Crews, Gordon A. (2016). Critical Examinations of School Violence and Disturbance in K-12 Education. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Information Science Reference IGI Global. ISBN 978-1-466-69935-9.

1. Middleton 2007, p. 171.
2. Dixon 2005, p. 223.
3. "John Anthony Gardner Davis - Biographical Information". University of Virginia School of Law - Arthur J. Morris Law Library.
4. "Painful Occurrence.". Richmond Enquirer, Volume 37, Number 58 (Richmond, Virginia). 17 November 1840. p. 2.
5. "Serious Case of Shooting--Navigation". The New York Times. 3 November 1853.
6. "School Master Murdered". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 10, Number 41 (Richmond, Virginia). 16 August 1856. p. 2.
7. "Fourth Of July North". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 14, Number 5 (Richmond, Virginia). 7 July 1858. p. 2.
8. "One School Boy Shoots Another Dead.". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 17, Number 22 (Richmond, Virginia). 26 January 1860. p. 1.
9. "Murder In Ashland County.". Cleveland Tri-weekly Leader, Volume 18, Number 31 (Cleveland, Ohio). 6 February 1864. p. 4.
10. "Terrible Shooting Affray at Knight's Ferry". The Daily Alta California, Volume 19, Number 7084 (San Francisco, California). 17 February 1867. p. 1.
11. "Brevities". Memphis Daily Appeal, Volume 17, Number 219 (Memphis, Tennessee). 9 April 1867. p. 4.
12. "A Boy Shot By His Schoolfellow-A Curious Affair". The New York Times. 9 June 1867.
13. "Tragic Shooting Affair Near Chattanooga". The New York Times. 26 December 1868.
14. "Sad Accident". Knoxville Daily Chronicle, Volume 1, Number 230 (Knoxville, Tennessee). 28 January 1871. p. 4.
15. "A School Principal Shot by a Boy". The Sun, Volume 39, Number 129 (New York City). 2 February 1872. p. 1.
16. "A Wisconsin father". The Daily Phoenix, Volume 8, Number 277 (Columbia, North Carolina). 11 February 1873. p. 3.
17. "One day last week". Nebraska Advertiser, Volume 18, Number 35 (Brownville, Nebraska) 1856-1882. 26 February 1874. p. 2.
18. "Accidents and Crimes.". Mower County Transcript, Volume 12, Number 2 (Lansing, Minnesota). 16 April 1874. p. 1.
19. "The Lebanton Tragedy.". Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 47, Number 7191 (Sacramento, California). 22 April 1874. p. 1.
20. "The shooting of one school boy by another". Daily Globe, Volume 1, Number 132 (St. Paul, Minnesota). 26 May 1878. p. 4.
21. "Shot by a Telegraph Operator". The New York Times. 26 May 1879.
22. "Local Brevities". Los Angeles Daily Herald, Volume 16, Number 88 (Los Angeles, California). 2 December 1881. p. 3.
23. "By Telegraph". Daily Evening Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 27 (Maysville, Kentucky). 22 December 1881. p. 2.
24. "Savonburg Siftings.". The Iola Register, Volume 16, Number 8 (Iola, Kansas). 10 February 1882. p. 4.
25. "Condensed Telegrams.". The Milan Exchange, Volume 9, Number 7 (Milan, Tennessee). 15 April 1882. p. 2.
26. "Criminally Careless.". Omaha Daily Bee, Volume 12, Number 264 (Omaha, Nebraska). 16 February 1883. p. 8.
27. "More Ruffianism.". Barbour County Index, Volume 4, Number 25 (Medicine Lodge, Kansas). 23 November 1883. p. 1.
28. "School-Butter!". Mississippi Library Commission. 11 April 2011.
29. "Wamack at Danville Va.". The Austin Weekly Statesman, Volume 13, Number 26 (Austin, Texas). 28 February 1884. p. 2.
30. "Another "Jesse James" Gang". The New York Times. 7 March 1884.
31. "The Work of Drunken Ruffians". The New York Times. 16 March 1884.
32. "A Teacher Shot Dead". The New York Times. 12 June 1887.
33. "Shooting Into A Schoolhouse". The New York Times. 14 June 1889.
34. "Shot by Schoolboy". The Daily Alta California, Volume 82, Number 115 (San Francisco, California). 25 April 1890. p. 5.
35. "Fatal Accident at a Military School". The Daily Alta California, Volume 83, Number 181 (San Francisco, California). 28 December 1890. p. 4.
36. "Fourteen Persons Wounded.". The Daily Alta California, Volume 84, Number 90 (San Francisco, California). 31 March 1891. p. 1.
37. "Fired Into A Group Of Children". The New York Times. 10 April 1891.
38. "Fatal Fun". Daily Public Ledger (Maysville, Kentucky). 29 June 1892. p. 3.
39. "Two Students Shot". The Morning Call, Volume 72, Number 133 (San Francisco, California). 11 October 1892. p. 1.
40. "Shot to Death at a Dance". The Morning Call, Volume 73, Number 117 (San Francisco, California). 27 March 1893. p. 1.
41. "School Boys Quarrel" (PDF). The Winona Daily Republican, Volume 38 (Winona, Minnesota). 17 October 1894. p. 4.
42. "Virginia Hoodlums". The Herald, Volume 26, Number 74 (Los Angeles, California). 13 December 1898. p. 3.
43. "Boy Shot by Teacher is Dead". The New York Times. 28 February 1903.
44. "Duelists Fatally Shot". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 30, Number 288 (Los Angeles, California). 22 July 1903. p. 1.
45. "Tragedy Ends Rivalry For Schoolgirl's Love". The San Francisco Call, Volume 95, Number 129 (San Francisco, California). 7 April 1904. p. 4.
46. "Indian Lad Kills Schoolmate.". The San Francisco Call, Volume 96, Number 170 (San Francisco, California). 17 November 1904. p. 7.
47. "High School Principal Shoots Irate Parent". The San Francisco Call, Volume 97, Number 17 (San Francisco, California). 17 December 1904. p. 6.
48. "Pupil Shoots Trustee". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 32, Number 132 (Los Angeles, California). 10 February 1905. p. 4.
49. "Assassin Shoots Teacher". The Richmond Climax, Volume 32, Number 21 (Richmond, Kentucky). 11 October 1905. p. 1.
50. "Tragedy in Schoolroom" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 7, Number 30 (Winona, Minnesota). 23 March 1907. p. 1.
51. "Schoolboy Shot Dead by Pupils at Drill". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 35, Number 80 (Los Angeles, California). 21 December 1907. p. 9.
52. "Janitor Shot At As He Unlocks Door Of School". The Carroll Herald, Volume 40, Number 14 (Carroll, Iowa). 15 January 1908. p. 6.
53. "Two Teachers Found Dead". The Kingston Daily Freeman, Volume 37, Number 117 (Kingston, New York). 11 March 1908. p. 3.
54. "Villain in Amateur Show Shot by Hero". The San Francisco Call, Volume 105, Number 110 (San Francisco, California). 20 March 1909. p. 5.
55. "Sunday School Boy Kills Superintendent". The San Francisco Call, Volume 106, Number 11 (San Francisco, California). 11 June 1909. p. 1.
56. "Sheriff Hunts for Vandals". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 36, Number 321 (Los Angeles, California). 18 August 1909. p. 9.
57. "Teacher Slays Pupil Who Would Run School". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 36, Number 346 (Los Angeles, California). 12 September 1909. p. 11.
58. "Maniac Shoots Into Crowd of School Boys". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 37, Number 104 (Los Angeles, California). 13 January 1910. p. 16.
59. "Shot at Major.". Amador Ledger (Jackson, California). 11 March 1910. p. 5.
60. "Kentucky School Election Kills One". The San Francisco Call, Volume 108, Number 78 (San Francisco, California). 17 August 1910. p. 6.
61. "Girl is Shot Down in Rehearsal of Play". The San Francisco Call, Volume 109, Number 149 (San Francisco, California). 28 April 1911. p. 2.
62. "Boy Killed In Fight". Los Angeles Evening Herald, Volume 38, Number 110 (Los Angeles, California). 1 February 1912. p. 1.
63. "Boy Is Slain By Chinese Gunman". The San Francisco Call, Volume 111, Number 64 (San Francisco, California). 2 February 1912. p. 1.
64. "14-year-old Poughkeepsie Boy Accidentally Shoots Playmate.". The New York Times. 17 February 1912.
65. "Ever Hear of Such Things?". The Washington Herald, Number 2964 (Washington, D.C.). 20 November 1914. p. 2.
66. "Shoots Brother". The Tacoma Times, Volume 12, Number 21 (Tacoma, Washington). 13 January 1915. p. 3.
67. "Whipping Of Pupil Causes Fatal Fight". The Spartanburg Herald (Spartanburg, South Carolina). 5 February 1915. p. 8.
68. "Posse After Teacher's Assailant". The Bemidji Daily Pioneer, Volume 14, Number 229 (Bemidji, Minnesota). 22 September 1916. p. 1.
69. "Girl Driven Into Woods at Point of Gun". Oklahoma City Times, Volume 28, Number 150 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma). 23 September 1916. p. 1.
70. "Fatal Fight in Casey County.". The Adair County News, Volume 20, Number 11 (Columbia, Kentucky). 10 January 1917. p. 2.
71. "Boy Accidentally Shot". Harrisburg Telegraph, Volume 86, Number 135 (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania). 6 June 1917. p. 11.
72. "Burglars Careers Ended". The Daily Gate City And Constitution-Democrat, Volume 125, Number 101 (Keokuk, Iowa). 29 October 1917. p. 8.
73. "Shooting at Manes". Mansfield Mirror, Volume 9, Number 42 (Mansfield, Missouri). 6 December 1917. p. 8.
74. "Murder At Lincoln Institute.". The Kansas City Sun, Volume 10, Number 32 (Kansas City, Missouri). 6 April 1918. p. 1.
75. "Brief State News". The Ward County Independent, Volume 16, Number 52 (Minot, North Dakota). 11 April 1918. p. 10.
76. "Shot at a School.". Monroe City Democrat, Volume 31, Number 40 (Monroe City, Missouri). 10 January 1919. p. 8.
77. "Boys Imitate Bill Hart And Do Strange Things Which Bring Them Into Court". The Ogden Standard, Volume 49, Number 95 (Ogden, Utah). 21 April 1919. p. 6.
78. "Refused Position, Man Attempts Life Of Two Professors". The Sacramento Union, Volume 209, Number 36 (Sacramento, California). 5 August 1919. p. 1.
79. "School Teacher Shot By Pupils Is In Very Dangerous Condition". Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 27, Number 109 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). 15 February 1920. p. 1.
80. "Angered By Teacher, Boy Shoots Girl". The Bismarck Tribune, Volume 39 (Bismarck, North Dakota). 4 March 1920. p. 8.
81. "Boy Shot At Teacher". The Watchman and Southron, Volume 50, Number 24 (Sumter, South Carolina). 5 May 1920. p. 6.
82. "Starters Shot Kills Woman Viewing Race". Sausalito News, Volume 36, Number 20 (Sausalito, California). 15 May 1920. p. 2.
83. "Police Probe Lad's Shooting". The Ogden Standard-Examiner, Volume 50, Number 197 (Ogden, Utah). 1 August 1920. p. 2.
84. "Spanks Boy, Teacher Shot". The Morning Tulsa Daily World, Volume 15, Number 25 (Tulsa, Oklahoma). 23 October 1920. p. 1.
85. "School Principal Shot For Whipping Student". The Ogden Standard-Examiner, Volume 50, Number 268 (Ogden, Utah). 5 November 1920. p. 1.
86. "Flashes". The Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 29, Number 42 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). 17 February 1922. p. 1.
87. "To Probe Guin Shooting". The Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 29, Number 151 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). 1 August 1922. p. 1.
88. "Janitor Unaware He Shot Youth At College Gym". The Star and Sentinel, Volume 126, Number 48 (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania). 1 January 1927. p. 3.
89. "No, Mr. Huckabee, It's Not Because God Has Been Removed From Schools". The Huffington Post (New York City). 28 May 1931.
90. "Duluth Teacher Killed by an "Unloaded" Gun" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 31, Number 80 (Winona, Minnesota). 28 May 1931. p. 3.
91. "Elliot Speer, Moody School Head, Slain by Shot Fired Through Window of Home". The New York Times. 15 September 1934.
92. "Dr. Kyle Ends Life as He Faces Trial". The New York Times. 9 May 1935.
93. "Lehigh Man Kills Teacher and Self". The New York Times. 5 June 1936.
94. "School Boy Killed in Play Rehearsal". Reading Eagle, Volume 70, Number 128 (Reading, Pennsylvania). 4 June 1937. p. 16.
95. "Teacher Shot by Boy to File No Charges". The New York Times. 26 September 1937.
96. "Boy Shot in School Play Rehearsal Dead" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 37, Number 288 (Winona, Minnesota). 26 January 1938. p. 4.
97. Cecilia Rasmussen (20 July 1997). "A Principal's Bloody Rampage". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
98. Cecilia Rasmussen (7 May 2010). "Jimmie Fidler in Hollywood, May 7, 1940". Los Angeles Times The Daily Mirror (Los Angeles, California).
99. "Timeline: 1940 South Pasadena Shooting". KPCC's databases (Pasadena, California).
100. Nash 1992, p. 534.
101. "Father Slays Girl In Boarding School". The New York Times. 5 July 1940.
102. "Two Boys Kill Teacher In School After "Showing Off" By Smoking". The New York Times. 3 October 1942.
103. "Boy In School Shot, Robbed by 7 Thugs". The New York Times. 26 June 1946.
104. "Husband Kills Teacher, Self" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 46, Number 298 (Winona, Minnesota). 6 February 1947. p. 10.
105. "Rifle Shot Kills Boy". The New York Times. 24 December 1948.
106. "Boy Showoff Shoots Classmate In School". The New York Times. 12 March 1949.
107. "Ohio State Student Held in Slaying" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 49, Number 228 (Winona, Minnesota). 12 November 1949. p. 1.
108. "Student Shot at Dance". The New York Times. 22 July 1950.
109. "Academy Employee Killed On Campus". Meriden Record, Volume 91, Number 21 (Meriden, Connecticut). 25 January 1961. p. 12.
110. "2 Youths Held in Slaying of Teacher, Chum" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 51, Number 21 (Winona, Minnesota). 13 March 1951. p. 1.
111. "Crazed Man Killed in Girls' School". The New York Times. 5 June 1951.
112. "St. Louis Pupil Killed". The New York Times. 27 November 1951.
113. "Dean Shot Over Pin Ups". The New York Times. 9 April 1952.
114. "Killed At Her Desk". The New York Times. 15 July 1952.
115. "Slaying of Boy in High School Held Accident". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 6 October 1953.
116. "Forgive Boy Fatal Shooting Of Their Son". Lewiston Evening Journal, Volume 93 (Lewiston, Maine). 31 March 1954.
117. "Youth Dies, 2 Shot In College Party". The New York Times. 16 May 1954.
118. "Enraged Proctor Opens Fire, Slays Student In Dormitory". The New London Day, Volume 73, Number 161 (New London, Connecticut) (Evening ed.). 11 January 1955. p. 1.
119. "Man who shot classmate wants to attend 50th reunion". Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania) (Evening ed.). p. A7.
120. "Boy Kills Teacher, Wounds 2 Others". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 5 May 1956. p. 1.
121. "Monitor Shot In School". The New York Times. 20 October 1956.
122. "Boy Shot In East Side School". The New York Times. 2 October 1957.
123. "$70,000 Bail Is Set For 8 In Shooting". The New York Times. 6 March 1958.
124. "Massapequa Boy Slain In School". The New York Times. 1 May 1958.
125. "27 Seized in Bronx With Gang Arsenal". The New York Times. 24 September 1959.
126. "Two Teachers Shot To Death By Principal". Park City Daily News, Volume 106, Number 28 (Bowling Green, Kentucky). 2 February 1960.
127. "Youth Fatally Shot In Crowded Class". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 114, Number 328 (Victoria, Texas). 31 March 1960.
128. "Principal Shot at School Desk". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 74, Number 225 (Spokane, Washington). 8 June 1960. p. 1.
129. "Ex State Woman's Mate Kills Friend". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 8 June 1960. p. 1.
130. "Student Killed By Shot Fired For Sound Effect". Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota). 5 January 1961. p. 1.
131. "School Fight Mushrooms Into Murder". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 79, Number 157 (Spokane, Washington). 18 October 1961. p. 6.
132. "L.I. teacher shot by boy in school". The New York Times. 28 April 1966.
133. "Sniper In Texas U. Tower Kills 12, Hits 33". The New York Times. 2 August 1966.
134. Finley 2011, pp. 524-527.
135. Finley 2014, p. 323.
136. "Boy, Teacher Shot by Youth at Grand Rapids". Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota). 5 October 1966. p. 1.
137. Crews 2016, p. 9.
138. "Youth, 18, Slays 4 Women and Child in Beauty School". The New York Times. 13 November 1966.
139. "Tells of Shooting Girl in School". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 4 May 1967.
140. "Offer Made To Frisk Students". The St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, Florida). 1 February 1968.
141. "Curfew Imposed by Governor in Orangeburg, S.C.". The New York Times. 10 February 1968.
142. "Student Held In Slaying". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 85, Number 317 (Spokane, Washington). 1 October 2006. p. 2.
143. "Students With Guns Expelled". Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Florida). 24 May 1968.
144. "17 Black Panther Members Are Arrested at the Home of Slain Youth in Los Angeles". The New York Times. 18 January 1969.
145. "Principal's Aide in Capital is Killed Chasing Thieves". The New York Times. 25 January 1969.
146. John Hinton (13 May 1969). "13-year-old boy at Hanes Junior High School accidentally shot and killed in 1969". Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, North Carolina).
147. "Principal Slain by Tomah Boy". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 20 November 1969. p. 1.
148. "Boys Hurt, Killed In Shootings". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 87, Number 237 (Spokane, Washington). 6 January 1970. p. 1.
149. "Upset Over Doctoral Thesis - Penn Student Wounds Two Professors, Takes Own Life in Seminar Shooting". Observer–Reporter, Volume 161, Number 70036 (Washington, Pennsylvania). 12 February 1970. p. C-7.
150. "Heavy Guard at Kent State After 4 Students Are Killed". The Free Lance–Star, Volume 86, Number 106 (Fredericksburg, Virginia). 5 May 1970. p. 1.
151. Finley 2011, pp. 247-252.
152. "Jackson State - May 1970". Jackson State University (Jackson, Mississippi).
153. Finley 2011, p. 293.
154. Finley 2014, p. 324.
155. "Student injured in Harlan shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 21 November 1970.
156. "Art Teacher Slain, Philadelphia Police Arrest Youth, 14". The New York Times. 2 February 1971.
157. Jim Spoerhase (12 November 1971). "Fatal Rampage Details Studied". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 86, Number 45 (Spokane, Washington). p. 1.
158. "Boy Killed In Gun Battle". The Phoenix (Boston, Massachusetts). 27 February 1973.
159. "Before Hearst SLA killed educator". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California). 14 November 2002.
160. "Expelled Boy Kills Chicago Principal". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 90, Number 203 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). 18 January 1974. p. 34.
161. "Pupil Shoots, Kills Athletic Director". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 23 March 1974. p. 9.
162. "McKeesport Student Shot At Kent State". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 91, Number 103 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). 5 October 1974. p. 3.
163. Crews 2016, p. 8.
164. "3 Killed and 9 Wounded by an Upstate Sniper, 18". The New York Times. 31 December 1974.
165. "Priest Killed In Classroom". The Blade, Volume 140 (Toledo, Ohio). 25 February 1975. p. 8.
166. "Charge Filed in Shooting". Spokane Daily Chronicle (Spokane, Washington). 24 September 1975.
167. "Intruders Wound 5 Students In Shooting At Detroit School". The Blade, Volume 141 (Toledo, Ohio). 13 February 1976. p. 2.
168. "Detroit teacher shot to death in front of first grade class". The Morning Record, Volume 109, Number 266 (Meriden, Connecticut). 11 November 1976. p. 5.
169. "Police Don't Know Reason Student Killed His Principal". The Bryan Times, Volume 29, Number 83 (Bryan, Ohio). 7 April 1977. p. 3.
170. "Student Shot In Incident Inside School". Kentucky New Era, Volume 90, Number 46 (Hopkinsville, Kentucky). 11 January 1978. p. 1.
171. Floyd Abrams (2006). Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York: Penguin Group. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0-14-303675-3.
172. "Roger Needham Must Answer". Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Florida). 5 June 1978.
173. "Janitor Shot at Dallas School". Spokane Chronicle, Volume 92, Number 188 (Spokane, Washington). 27 April 1978. p. 1.
174. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 342.
175. "3 Students Hit By Gunfire". The Blade, Volume 143 (Toledo, Ohio). 18 October 1978. p. 31.
176. Klein 2013, p. 153.
177. "Student Angered By Paddling Shoots Junior High Principal". Florence Times Tri-Cities Daily, Volume 109, Number 291 (Florence, Alabama). 18 October 1978. p. 1.
178. Chalmers 2009, p. 10.
179. Chalmers 2009, pp. 120-121.
180. Finley 2011, pp. 453-458.
181. "School Sniper Suspect Bragged Of ‘Something Big To Get On TV’". Evening Independent, Volume 72, Number 75 (St. Petersburg, Florida). 30 January 1979. p. 2A.
182. "Sniping Suspect Had a Grim Goal". Los Angeles Times, reprinted in The Milwaukee Journal, Volume 97 (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 30 January 1979. p. 4.
183. "Brenda-Spencer". San Diego Police Museum (San Diego, California).
184. "Brenda Spencer". The Fliegen.
185. "Boy Shot; School Janitor Held". The Milwaukee Journal, Volume 97 (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 17 April 1979. p. 1.
186. "Football player shot at scrimmage". The Day, Volume 99, Number 76 (New London, Connecticut). 29 September 1979. p. 32.
187. "Youths Sentenced for Darryl Williams Shooting". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 88 (Lewiston, Maine). 27 March 1980. p. 18.
188. "Death of student makes no sense". The Bryan Times, Volume 32, Number 7 (Bryan, Ohio). 9 January 1980. p. 10.
189. "Teacher Fatally Shot In School". The Ledger, Volume 74, Number 150 (Lakeland, Florida). 21 March 1980. p. 7C.
190. Compiled FROM College newspapers (5 April 1980). "Student Kills Professor in Class". The Harvard Crimson (Cambridge, Massachusetts).
191. "Student killed in school shooting". Wilmington Morning Star, Volume 114, Number 16 (Wilmington, North Carolina). 1 November 1980.
192. "Student killed in sorority". The Milwaukee Journal (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 28 January 1981. p. 2.
193. Iver Peterson (18 April 1981). "Student Held In Blazes And 2 Shotgun Deaths At Dorm". New York Times.
194. "2 students die in dorm shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 18 April 1981.
195. Nash 1992, p. 81.
196. "Portland collgeg janitor shoots instructor, self". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 96, Number 75 (Spokane, Washington). 21 April 1984. p. 1.
197. Finley 2014, p. 325.
198. "Boy Sentenced: Murder". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 90 (Lewiston, Maine). 24 February 2010.
199. "Shotgun Murder, Suicide In High School Classroom". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 137, Number 190 (Victoria, Texas). 13 November 1982. p. 9A.
200. "Mich. Girl Shot Dead, 2 Teens Face Charges". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). 21 April 1984.
201. Roger Munns (19 May 1984). "Mother devastated in school shooting". The Daily Reporter, Volume 87, Number 237 (Spencer, Iowa). p. 3A.
202. "Bus Driver Killed; Woman Arrested". The Blade, Volume 149 (Toledo, Ohio). 25 October 1984. p. 33.
203. "Youth quizzed after shooting at junior high". Spokane Chronicle, Volume 99, Number 105 (Spokane, Washington). 22 January 1985. p. A2.
204. "Three Teen-Agers Remain in Hospital After Shooting at Prep Football Game". The Argus-Press, Volume 131, Number 247 (Owosso, Michigan). 19 October 1985. p. 6.
205. "3 dead in junior high romance". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 103, Number 206 (Spokane, Washington). 28 November 1985. p. C5.
206. "Teen shot after taking hostages". The Nashua Telegraph, Volume 117, Number 205 (Nashua, New Hampshire). 5 December 1985. p. 29.
207. "Youth Shot After Taking Two Hostages At School". The Blade, Volume 150 (Toledo, Ohio). 4 December 1985. p. 10.
208. "13-year-old held in school shooting spree". Altus Times, Volume 63, Number 294 (Altus, Oklahoma). 11 December 1985.
209. Richard L. Madden (12 December 1985). "At Junior High, Attempt To Deal With Shootings". The New York Times.
210. "Teacher Shot In Shoulder By Her Student". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 7 March 1986.
211. "Student shot to death in Mo.". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 94 (Lewiston, Maine). 30 April 1986.
212. "Missouri Youth, 15, Shot To Death In Front Of Class". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 1 May 1986.
213. "Couple Take Over School But Die After Bomb Blast". The New York Times. 17 May 1986.
214. "Radical Right Link Suggested in Hostage Case". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 18 May 1986.
215. Crews 2016, p. 5.
216. Jamie Rogers (10 April 2014). "A history of violence - Can Missoula public schools truly be prepared for a school shooting?". Missoula Independent (Missoula, Montana). After Moffatt recovered from the gunshot wound and four subsequent surgeries, he became the principal at Garfield Elementary in Lewistown, a position he held until retiring in 2010. Today, he and his wife, Maggie, live in Missoula, and Moffatt occasionally substitutes for MCPS. He applauds the district's efforts to address difficult issues, and he says he's "for anything that schools do to make the environment safer for kids." But, in his mind, any district can only achieve so much as long as gun laws remain the same. He points out that homicide is now the second leading cause of death for school-age Americans, and while school shootings are "horrific tragedies," homicides on school grounds account for less than 2 percent of the lives lost. "Some people think it always happens somewhere else, others think it's going to happen anytime," he says of school shootings, "but we need to look at the big picture. There are relatively few communities in the United States that have dealt with a school shooting ... But there are very few communities that have not lost a child to gun violence."
217. "School shooting kills one". The Gadsden Times, Volume 120, Number 156 (Gadsden, Alabama). 5 December 1986. p. A1.
218. "Montana boy gets 206 year prison term". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 3, Number 69 (Spokane, Washington). 4 June 1988. p. A6.
219. "Killed Teacher, Self: More Light Shed on CSUN Gunman Who Took 2 Lives". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 10 February 1987.
220. Donna Bryson (3 March 1987). "School shooting linked to classmates' teasing". Lawrence Journal-World (Lawrence, Kansas).
221. James Risen (17 April 1987). "Athlete Killed in Detroit School Violence". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
222. Rob Karwath (30 September 1987). "Youth Freed On Bond In Shooting Of Teacher". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois).
223. "Two mothers say deputy's guns were too easy for sons to steal". Boca Raton News, Volume 33, Number 65 (Boca Raton, Florida). 24 February 1988. p. 2B.
224. "Winnetka police chief recounts day of horror". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 5 December 1988.
225. "Basketball game ends in shooting". The Milwaukee Journal (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 11 July 1988. p. 4B.
226. "Man Shoots 11 in S.C. elementary school". Daily Kent Stater, Volume 63, Number 18 (Kent, Ohio). 28 September 1988.
227. "Mason Staggs denied double jeopardy claim". Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Texas). 14 February 1997.
228. "Student With Pistol Kills One Teacher And Injures Another". The New York Times. 17 December 1988.
229. Crews 2016, p. 7.
230. Jay Mathews and Matt Lait (18 January 1989). "Rifleman Slays Five At School; 29 Pupils, Teacher Shot in California; Assailant Kills Self". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). p. A1.
231. Steve Fidel (11 February 1989). "Officers Seeking Answers After Junior High Shooting". Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah).
232. Christine Vorce (5 December 1989). "Teen shoots schoolmate, kills self on bus". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 106, Number 163 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). p. 1.
233. "Victim goes home". Allegheny Times - An edition of the Beaver County Times (Beaver, Pennsylvania). 17 December 1989. p. A3.
234. "Black youth shot by whites in school". The Free Lance–Star, Volume 106, Number 74 (Fredericksburg, Virginia). 28 March 1990. p. 6.
235. "3 San Antonio teens wounded". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 145, Number 128 (Victoria, Texas). 12 September 1990. p. 3C.
236. "Student fatally shoots himself". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 145, Number 274 (Victoria, Texas). 7 February 1991. p. 4C.
237. Ron Russell and Michele Fuetsch (24 April 1991). "Shot Fired at Guard Kills Boy at School". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
238. "High school football star shot in cafeteria". The Gainesville Sun, Volume 116, Number 76 (Gainesville, Florida). 19 September 1991. p. 8A.
239. Phil Hersh. Also contributing to this story were Tribune reporters Blair Kamin, Steve Johnson, Teresa Wiltz, Monica Copeland, Matt Murray, Allan Johnson, Helaine Olen, Jerry Crimmins in Chicago and stringer Eric Detwiler in Iowa City. (2 November 1991). "Student Goes On Killing Spree At Iowa Campus". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois).
240. Michel Marriott (4 November 1991). "Iowa Gunman Was Torn by Academic Challenge". The New York Times.
241. Jim Mann (7 June 1992). "The Physics of Revenge : When Dr. Lu Gang's American Dream Died, Six People Died With It". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
242. Ruthanne Shpiner (10 December 2008). "Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, 1968-2008". Berkeley Daily Planet (Berkeley, California).
243. "Policeman kills suspect in Kent State shootings". Spokane Chronicle, Volume 106, Number 102 (Spokane, Washington). 11 February 1992. p. A4.
244. "Student shot, wounded on Kent State campus". The Blade, Volume 157 (Toledo, Ohio). 30 January 1992. p. 4.
245. Stephen O'Connor (1997). Will My Name Be Shouted Out. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-83210-4.
246. "Three students shot at school". The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 174, Number 294 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). 20 October 1992. p. 2A.
247. "Security tightens after 11 Detroit students are shot". Ludington Daily News (Ludington, Michigan). 6 November 1992. p. 1.
248. Lebrun 2008, p. 173.
249. "Student Shot, Dies at Reseda High". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 23 February 1993.
250. "Student, 17, killed in Texas school shooting". Daily News (Galveston, Texas). 16 May 1993.
251. Finley 2014, p. 327.
252. Diane Struzzi (15 October 1993). "Prison Term For Murder At School". Philadelphia Media Network (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
253. "Gunman Kills Himself After Firing on Schoolchildren". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 18 September 1993.
254. "Student Shot At a School; Gang War Is Suspected". The New York Times. 5 November 1993.
255. "Suspects held in murder of gang member". The Hour, Volume 124, Number 220 (Norwalk, Connecticut). 20 September 1993. p. 5.
256. ^[251]"Breitlow called `gentle giant'". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 2 December 1993. p. 1.
257. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 348.
258. "School shooting kills teen". Times-New, Volume 117, Number 26 (Hendersonville, North Carolina). 26 January 1994. p. 8A.
259. Linda Shaw (27 January 2005). "Abuse victim who killed teacher settles with district". The Seattle Times (Seattle, Washington).
260. "Man wounded in shooting after school basketball game". Herald-Journal (Spartanburg, South Carolina). 19 February 1994. p. B3.
261. "Gunman Kills 2 at Missouri Military School". Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah). 2 March 1994.
262. "Boy shot to death in Tenn. classroom". Boca Raton News (Boca Raton, Florida). 22 April 1994.
263. "Afternoon shooting shocks students". The Dispatch, Volume 112, Number 137 (Lexington, North Carolina). 13 October 1994. p. 1.
264. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 345.
265. "Student Shot Outside High School". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 18 October 1994.
266. "Student Shot Outside High School". The New York Times. 8 November 1994.
267. Eli Sanders (2003-03-05). "The Shooter". The Stranger (Seattle, Washington).
268. "The Death Of Joey". Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida). 25 September 2005.
269. Klein 2013, p. 154.
270. "Teen kills teacher, then himself". The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 177, Number 286 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). 13 October 1995. p. 5A.
271. Finley 2014, p. 328.
272. Klein 2013, p. 152.
273. "Second suspect indicted in shooting death of pregnant teen on school bus". Herald-Journal (Spartanburg, South Carolina). 2 June 1996. p. A6.
274. "Man pleads innocent in slaying of 3 professors Calif. prosecutors to seek death penalty for student". The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland). 20 August 1996.
275. Tony Perry (28 May 1997). "Ex-San Diego State Student Pleads Guilty to Murdering 3 Professors". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
276. "Man Gets 3 Life Terms For Killing 3 Professors". The New York Times. 19 July 1997.
277. "Shooting at Penn State". The Behrend College Collegian, Volume 155, Number 3 (Erie, Pennsylvania). 19 September 1996.
278. Van Brunt 2012, p. 264.
279. "Teen shot dead on school bus". The Register-Guard (Eugene, Oregon). 10 October 1996.
280. "Teen shot to death by classmate at school". Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Volume 72, Number 117 (Sarasota, Florida). 28 January 1997. p. 5B.
281. Klein 2013, pp. 151-152.
282. Klein 2013, pp. 56-59.
283. Klein 2013, pp. 187-192.
284. "Teen guilty in Mississippi school-shooting rampage". CNN. 12 June 1998.
285. Kellie McMaster (16 October 1997). "School Shooting". Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Volume 73, Number 13 (Sarasota, Florida) (Morning ed.). p. 1.
286. Michael A. Scarcella (18 October 2006). "Teenager in school shooting arrested". Herald-Tribune (Sarasota, Florida).
287. "Timeline of Worldwide School and Mass Shootings". InfoPlease (London).
288. "One dead, three hurt after shooting at Penn". Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania) (Evening ed.). 2 March 1998. p. B4.
289. "From wild talk and friendship, to five deaths in schoolyard". The New York Times. 29 March 1998.
290. Finley 2014, p. 329.
291. Kristen Hays (10 September 1999). "Edinboro teen killer sentenced". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).
292. Tom Sharp (20 May 1998). "Teenage passion turns deadly at Tennessee school". Park City Daily News, Volume 144, Number 140 (Bowling Green, Kentucky). p. 10-A.
293. "Davis gets life in prison". Kentucky New Era (Hopkinsville, Kentucky). 30 May 1999. p. 9A.
294. Tony Clark (21 May 1998). "Teen jailed after Oregon high school shooting spree". CNN.
295. "Student in custody after teacher, school aide shot". CNN. 15 January 1998.
296. "University professor slain during class; suspect held". Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania) (Evening ed.). 11 December 1998. p. 1.
297. "Teen students killed, wounded in suicide pact". Lawrence Journal-World, Volume 141, Number 9 (Lawrence, Kansas). 9 January 1999. p. 2A.
298. Dan Gallagher (17 April 1999). "Did teen in school shooting have hit list?". Deseret News (Spokane, Washington).
299. Klein 2013, pp. 152-153.
300. "6 hurt in Georgia high school shooting". CNN. 20 May 1999.
301. Michelle Koidin (21 November 1999). "Girl dies from shooting at school in N.M.". The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 181, Number 325 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). p. 3A.
302. "School shooter may end up in Lawrence". Lawrence Journal-World (Lawrence, Kansas). 26 September 2003.
303. Davies 2008, p. 152.
304. Crews 2016, p. 6.
305. "U. Arkansas Deaths Murder-Suicide". CBS News. 29 August 2000.
306. "The Jury Is Still Out". The Gambit (New Orleans, Louisiana). 8 January 2002.
307. "San Diego teen allegedly planned to shoot student". Berkeley Daily Planet (Berkeley, California). 6 December 2000.
308. "Often Ridiculed, the Suspect Said, 'I'll Show You One Day'". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 6 March 2001.
309. "School prayer follows school shooting". CBS News. 7 March 2001.
310. "Granite Hills gunman's kin file claim vs. county, sheriff". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 10 May 2002.
311. "Student fatally shot outside Indiana high school". KOTV-DT (Tulsa, Oklahoma). 31 March 2001.
312. Daniel J. Wakin (16 January 2002). "Gunfire Wounds 2 Students Inside a Manhattan High School". The New York Times.
313. Francis X. Clines (17 January 2002). "3 Slain at Law School; Student Is Held". The New York Times.
314. "Man admits law school slayings to avoid death penalty". Park City Daily News, Volume 150, Number 58 (Bowling Green, Kentucky). 27 February 2004. p. 2A.
315. "Teen killed after basketball game". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 21 February 2002. p. 1.
316. James Dao (30 October 2003). "Boy tells sniper jury about getting shot outside of school". The Dispatch (Lexington, North Carolina). p. 3A.
317. John Douglas, Ann W. Burgess, Allen G. Burgess and Robert K. Ressler (2006). Crime Classification Manual: A Standard System for Investigating and Classifying Violent Crimes. San Francisco, California: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 455–457. ISBN 978-0-787-98642-1.
318. "4 Dead In Univ. Of Arizona Shooting". CBS News. 29 October 2002.
319. "3 Students Hurt in Shooting Near Jersey City School". The New York Times. 2 November 2002.
320. "Two More Arrested In Fatal School Shooting In New Orleans". WAFB (Baton Rouge, Louisiana).
321. "Two who did time in McDonogh gym killing on trial in new murder case". The Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana). 17 September 2009.
322. Finley 2011, pp. 684-685.
323. "York County 14-year-old shoots principal, turns gun on himself". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). 25 April 2003.
324. Finley 2011, p. 683.
325. "Other Campus Shootings". CBS News. 9 May 2003.
326. Finley 2011, p. 680.
327. "Teen Acquitted Of Murder in Ballou Shooting". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). 14 December 2004.
328. "Student Opens Fire at a High School Near Albany, Hitting a Teacher". The New York Times. 10 February 2004.
329. Reginald Fields and Jonathan Rockoff (8 March 2004). "'It was just chaos'". The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland).
330. "Student is shot at Bowen High". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 9 February 2005.
331. "A Tribute To A Special Driver". School Bus Information Council. 3 March 2005.
332. "School gunman stole police pistol, vest". CNN International. 23 March 2005.
333. "Student injured in Harlan shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 14 September 2005.
334. Greg Brobeck (8 November 2005). "One administrator killed, two injured in Campbell Co. school shooting". WATE-TV (Knoxville, Tennessee).
335. Cara DiPasquale and alBerto Trevino (9 November 2005). "Student kills 1, injures 2 in high school shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois).
336. Dennis Blank (14 January 2006). "Gun-brandishing teen at school shot by deputy". The New York Times reprinted in The Register-Guard (Eugene, Oregon). p. A3.
337. "14-Year-Old Charged in Oregon School Shooting". Fox News Channel. 24 February 2006.
338. "Teen found guilty in Roseburg High shooting". KATU (Portland, Oregon). 29 June 2006.
339. "Two Hurt in Reno Middle School Shooting". Fox News Channel. 14 March 2006.
340. "Accused Reno school shooter ordered held". The San Diego Union-Tribune (San Diego, California). 20 March 2006.
341. "Essex Shooting Rampage". www.wcax.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
342. "North Carolina Shooting Suspect Obsessed with Columbine". USA Today. 31 August 2006.
343. Amy Clark (2 September 2006). "Father Shoots 2 Sons, Self in W.Va.". CBS News.
344. Michael Laris and Robert Samuels (3 September 2006). "Man Kills 2 Sons, Himself At University in W.Va.". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.).
345. Catherine Tsai (29 September 2006). "Killer sexually assaulted schoolgirls". Sarasota Herald-Tribune (Sarasota, Florida). p. 7A.
346. Lebrun 2008, p. 181.
347. "Neighbor: Teen held in shooting bragged about getting into trouble". Southeast Missourian (Cape Girardeau, Missouri). 1 October 2006.
348. Klein 2013, p. 88.
349. "Six killed in Pennsylvania school attack". The San Diego Union-Tribune (San Diego, California). 2 October 2006.
350. "Mo. teen who fired shot in school sentenced to 10 years". Southeast Missourian (Cape Girardeau, Missouri). 5 September 2009.
351. Adam Lynn (5 June 2009). "Young man convicted in Foss High School shooting sentenced to prison". The News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington).
352. "Student wounded in shooting". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 7 March 2007.
353. Jake Tapper and Avery Miller (17 April 2007). "Teacher Warned Authorities About Va. Tech Shooter". ABC News.
354. Michael O'Malley and Gabriel Baird (11 October 2007). "Four shot at school, gunman kills himself". The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio).
355. "Florida Teacher Shot During Smoke Break". CBS News. 6 November 2007.
356. "Teacher Shot At South Florida High School". WIBW-TV (Topeka, Kansas). 6 November 2007.
357. Brian Hamacher (26 October 2011). "Family Emotional As Teacher Shooter Sentenced to Life Behind Bars". WTVJ (Miami, Florida).
358. Kontji Anthony (4 February 2008). "Police investigate shooting inside classroom at Hamilton High". WMC-TV (Memphis, Tennessee).
359. "3 Dead in LTC Shooting". WAFB (Baton Rouge, Louisiana). 8 February 2008.
360. "High school student shot in class after argument". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 12 February 2008.
361. "Calif. teen Brandon McInerney sentenced to 21 years for point-blank murder of gay classmate". CBS News. 19 December 2011.
362. "18 shot, six dead including gunman, at Northern Illinois University". CNN International. 14 February 2008.
363. "Teen sought in school shooting captured, charged". KOMO-TV (Seattle, Washington). 18 August 2008.
364. "Teen Killed in Shooting Near Detroit High School". Fox News Channel. 16 October 2008.
365. "Four Men Charged in Fatal University of Central Arkansas Shooting". Fox News Channel. 28 October 2008.
366. Kathy Bushouse, Tonya Alanez and Mike Clary (14 November 2008). "Student may have told Dillard High officials about gun". The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland).
367. "18-Year-Old Charged In Dunbar High Shootings". WMAQ-TV (Chicago, Illinois). 16 January 2009.
368. Peter Dujardin (11 November 2009). "Former Student Gets 14 Years In Shootings". Daily Press (Newport News, Virginia).
369. David Harris and Jillian Fennimore (22 May 2009). "DA: Songwriter killed Cambridge man at Harvard over drugs". The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Massachusetts). The case is being investigated by Harvard University Police, Cambridge Police, and the Massachusetts State Police assigned to the Middlesex District Attorney’s Office.
370. Valerie Faciane (19 May 2009). "Larose middle school gets increased security after Monday's shooting". The Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana).
371. Matt Stamey (19 May 2009). "Student shoots himself in head after attempting to shoot teacher". The Houma Courier (Houma, Louisiana).
372. Amanada Martinez (16 June 2009). "Update: Shooting at International Studies Academy". Mission Local (San Francisco, California).
373. Joshua Melvin (10 May 2010). "Man involved in Skyline shooting pleads no contest to gun charge". San Mateo County Times (San Mateo County, California).
374. Finley 2014, p. 334.
375. "Hammad Memon pleads guilty to murder, sentenced to 30 years for 2010 shooting death of 14-year-old classmate at Discovery Middle". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). 28 May 2013.
376. Angie Leventis Lourgos, Cynthia Dizikes and Andrew L. Wang (20 February 2010). "1 hurt in NIU shooting - Attack came two years after massacre at university". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois).
377. "David Benke And Matt Thieu On TODAY Show (VIDEO)". The Huffington Post Denver. 5 May 2010.
378. Jessica Fender (10 June 2011). "Deer Creek Middle School shooter found not guilty by reason of insanity". The Denver Post (Denver, Colorado).
379. "People of the State of Michigan vs. Steven Jamal Hare" (PDF). State of Michigan.
380. "Shooter at University of Texas was a student". University of Texas.
381. "Two dead in Salinas gang shootings". The Monterey County Herald (Monterey, California). 2 October 2010.
382. "Carlsbad School Shooter Given 189-Year Prison Sentence". KGTV (San Diego, California). 20 April 2012.
383. "Students safe". Eagle Herald (Marinette, Wisconsin). 29 November 2010.
384. "Gang member gets 35 years for 2010 shooting at Aurora high school". The Denver Post (Denver, Colorada). November 6, 2012.
385. Chris Welch (6 January 2011). "Slain assistant principal sent student home because of trespass charge". CNN International.
386. Caitlin Keating (25 March 2011). "15-year-old student shoots classmate at school". Indiana Daily Student (Bloomington, Indiana).
387. Mike and Peggy O'Hare (31 March 2011). "1 dead, several injured in shooting at Worthing High". Houston Chronicle (Houston, Texas).
388. "A Third Hawaii Teen Arrested In School Shooting". Honolulu Civil Beat (Honolulu, Hawaii). 15 June 2011.
389. "Student shot on school grounds in North Carolina". CNN International. 24 October 2011.
390. Bob Lewis and Zinie Chen Sampson (9 December 2011). "Ross Truett Ashley, Virginia Tech Shooter, Was 22-Year-Old Radford University Student". The Huffington Post (New York City).
391. "2 Students Shot, Wounded at Texas Middle School". WTVY (TV) (Dothan, Alabama). 12 December 2011.
392. "Teen who allegedly shot at bullies at North Forest High appears in court". KTRK-TV (Houston, Texas). 11 January 2012.
393. Crews 2016, p. 4.
394. Kim Palmer (10 April 2012). "Competency hearing set for Ohio school shooting suspect". Reuters (London).
395. "Accused gunman in Oakland shooting unfit for trial: judge". Reuters (London). 7 January 2013.
396. Scott Carroll (16 August 2012). "Students involved in gang-related shooting outside Hamilton High School". The Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee).
397. Jennifer Abbey (28 August 2012). "Alleged Baltimore School Shooter's Victim Has Down's Syndrome". ABC News.
398. "Student in custody following NCHS shooting". WHOI (TV) (Peoria, Illinois). 7 September 2012.
399. "Gunman in custody after shots fired in Normal, Ill. school". Quad-City Times (Davenport, Iowa). 7 September 2012.
400. "University of South Alabama officer shoots and kills student". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). 6 October 2012.
401. "Gil Collar Grand Jury Clears University Of South Alabama Cop Of Wrongdoing In Student's Death". The Huffington Post (New York City). 5 Mar 2013.
402. Jeremy Gorner and Jennifer Delgado (October 20, 2012). "Chicago high school student fatally shot in robbery attempt". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois).
403. Evan Schwartz (3 November 2012). "Suspect Arrested In USC Halloween Shooting". ViBe.
404. Olga Grigoryants and Daina Beth Solomon (22 August 2014). "Brandon Spencer Is Paying a 40-Year Price for Four Shots That Killed No One". LA Weekly (Culver City, California).
405. "Sandy Hook shooting: What happened?". CNN International. December 2012.
406. "Man shot to death in front of Fort Myers church". WBBH-TV (Fort Myers, Florida). 8 January 2013.
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408. Finley 2014, p. 336.
409. Michael Winter and Doug Stanglin (10 January 2013). "Calif. teen with shotgun wounds classmate in school". USA Today.
410. "Gunman shoots man, himself at St. Louis school". WEAU (Eau Claire, Wisconsin). 15 January 2013.
411. Beth Campbell (15 January 2013). "Hazard Shooting: 2 Killed At Community College Shooting In Kentucky". The Huffington Post (New York City). Archived from the original on 16 January 2013.
412. "12-year-old girl becomes third to die from shooting at Hazard college". Lexington Herald-Leader (Lexington, Kentucky). 16 January 2013.
413. Evelyn Holmes and Jason Knowles (17 January 2013). "Teen fatally shot after CPS basketball game at CSU". KTRK-TV (Houston, Texas).
414. Colleen Curry and Gina Sunseri (22 January 2013). "Lone Star College Shooting Leaves 3 Injured, 'Persons of Interest' in Custody". ABC News.
415. "Phoenix police make 4 arrests in Chavez High School shooting". The Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona). 4 April 2004.
416. Jeff Black (31 January 2013). "14-year-old boy shot at Atlanta middle school, officials say". NBC News.
417. John Couwels and Dana Ford (18 March 2013). "Former university student found dead in dorm planned larger attack". CNN International.
418. "Police: Student shot 2 women at Virginia community college before being subdued". CNN International. 13 April 2013.
419. Kurt Boyd and Ty Russell (16 April 2013). "Update: Police arrest 2nd suspect in Grambling shooting". KNOE-TV (Monroe, Louisiana).
420. Ben Brumfield (19 April 2013). "Officer killed on MIT campus near Boston". CNN International.
421. "Birmingham mom arrested for firing gun at a middle school". Fox News Channel. 16 May 2013.
422. "6th Person Dies As A Result Of Santa Monica Rampage". KCBS-TV/KCAL-TV (Los Angeles, California). 9 June 2013.
423. Finley 2014, p. 338.
424. Michael King (20 August 2013). "Shooting suspect in custody at Georgia school". USA Today.
425. Lauren Squires (25 August 2013). "North Panola teen killed in shooting after football game". WMC-TV (Memphis, Tennessee).
426. Stephanie Silfer (30 August 2013). "N.C. School Shooting: 1 injured after shots fired at a Winston-Salem high school; student in custody, report says". CBS News.
427. Desiree Stennett and Amy Pavuk (4 October 2013). "Two teens shot outside Pine Hills Christian school". Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida).
428. Michael Zennie (21 October 2013). "Pictured: Hero teacher and former soldier shot dead for trying to talk down 'bullied' 13-year-old who opened fire on two classmates before killing himself with his parents' semi-automatic handgun". Daily Mail.
429. "Update: Police continue to search for suspects in A&T shooting". News & Record (Greensboro, North Carolina). 2 November 2013.
430. Alexis Stevens (4 November 2013). "Stephenson High football player shot on campus". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Dunwoody, Georgia).
431. "Three Pittsburgh teens shot after school lets out". CNN International. 13 November 2013.
432. "Student shot in face at West Orange High School". WKMG-TV (Orlando, Florida). 5 December 2013.
433. Tom Watkins and Ralph Ellis (22 December 2013). "Colorado high school shooting victim dies at hospital". CNN International.
434. Mariana Jacob (24 December 2013). "Multiple arrests made in Edison High School teacher shooting". KFSN-TV (Fresno, California).
435. "Student charged with shooting on Jackson high school campus". WMC-TV (Memphis, Tennessee). 10 January 2014.
436. "14-year-old student shot outside school basketball game". WTNH (New Haven, Connecticut). 13 January 2014.
437. "Boy, 12, faces battery charge in New Mexico school shooting". Reuters (London). 16 January 2014.
438. "17-year-old suspect charged as an adult in Philadelphia school shooting". Fox News Channel. 19 January 2014.
439. "Campus lockdown lifted, search continues after one person shot on Widener University campus in Chester, Pa.". Daily News (New York City). 20 January 2014.
440. "1 dead, 1 arrested after Purdue University shooting". CNN International. 21 January 2014.
441. Tony Santaella (24 January 2014). "1 injured in South Carolina State University shooting". USA Today.
442. "Valley College Murder Leads to 2 Arrests". LA Weekly (Culver City, California). 27 January 2014.
443. "1 injured in shooting near Carbondale school". KFVS-TV (Cape Girardeau, Missouri). 27 January 2014.
444. Jade Walker (28 January 2014). "Tennessee State University Shooting: Gunman Opens Fire On Campus, Injuring 1". The Huffington Post (New York City).
445. "Three people involved in shooting at Palm Bay college claim self-defense". WFTV (Orlando, Florida). 30 January 2014.
446. "Witness to North High shooting: ‘It takes you a second to realize if it’s real or not’". The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa). 1 February 2014.
447. Shavonne Potts and Emily Ford (10 February 2014). "Police ID suspect in Salisbury High shooting". Salisbury Post (Salisbury, North Carolina).
448. "Bullet struck empty police cruiser outside Brush High School near the end of boy's basketball game". The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio). 12 February 2014.
449. "Drive-by shooting reported near University of Southern California". Daily News (New York City) (New York). 12 February 2014.
450. "Shooting at Georgia Regents University". WGCL-TV (Atlanta, Georgia). 22 February 2014.
451. "Woman Shot and Killed Behind The Academy of Knowledge Preschool: Police". WTVJ (Miami, Florida). 13 March 2014.
452. "Fourth person arrested after shots fired outside Banneker High School". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Dunwoody, Georgia). 26 March 2014.
453. "More Security At D.H. Conley High School". WITN-TV (Washington, North Carolina). 9 April 2014.
454. "Detroit teen shot after school event dies". WDIV-TV (Detroit, Michigan). 13 April 2014.
455. "Police are still searching for two men who fired shots at a Paine College men’s residence hall Sunday, injuring a 20-year-old student". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Dunwoody, Georgia). 5 May 2014.
456. "Suspect in Paine College shooting from DeKalb". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Dunwoody, Georgia). 5 May 2014.
457. "Authorities respond to person shot at Georgia Gwinnett College". WGCL-TV (Atlanta, Georgia). 8 May 2014.
458. Henry K. Lee (14 May 2014). "Student shot outside Richmond high school". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California).
459. Lynsi Burton and Jake Ellison (6 June 2014). "Seattle Pacific University shooting: 'It’s unimaginable'". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California).
460. Caitlin Cruz (23 July 2014). "Ybarra chose SPU for shootings because he was unfamiliar with it, journal says". The Seattle Times (Seattle, Washington).
461. "1 student killed, gunman dead in Oregon high school shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). 10 June 2014.
462. "5 in custody after shooting outside NW Miami-Dade School". WPLG (Miami, Florida). 9 September 2014.
463. "Indiana State University student arrested in campus shooting". Reuters (London). 28 September 2014.
464. "Suspected school shooter connected to stabbing at West Montgomery High School". WGHP (High Point, North Carolina). 1 October 2014.
465. "LMPD: Student shot at Fern Creek Traditional High School". WAVE (TV) (Louisville, Kentucky). 30 September 2014.
466. "Police: Strong leads in shooting at Fulton football game". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Dunwoody, Georgia). 6 October 2014.
467. "Two dead, four hurt in shooting at Marysville-Pilchuck HS". KING-TV. 25 October 2014.
468. "Journal indicates FSU shooter suspected government". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida). 20 November 2014.
469. "Teen dies, 1 charged in Miami Carol City High School shooting". WPLG (Miami, Florida). 25 November 2014.
470. "RSU shooter identified as former Tulsa police officer". WXXA-TV (Albany, New York). 6 December 2014.
471. "Police arrest after 4 shot near school". CNN International. 13 December 2014.
472. "Milwaukee man charged in Wisconsin Lutheran High School shooting". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). 22 January 2015.
473. "Girl, 14, shot in high school parking lot, Ocala police say". WKMG-TV (Orlando, Florida). 19 January 2015.
474. Paige Jones (4 February 2015). "Two students wounded in Frederick High School shooting". Frederick News-Post (Frederick, Maryland).
475. "Teenager found shot dead in Merced school parking lot". KFSN-TV (Fresno, California). 15 February 2015.
476. "Reward in Bethune-Cookman shooting increased to $10,000". The Daytona Beach News-Journal (Daytona Beach, Florida). 25 February 2015.
477. "Man shot at elementary school in University City; one suspect arrested". KMOV (St. Louis, Missouri). 30 March 2015.
478. "CITY MANAGER: One person killed in Wayne Community College shooting". WITN-TV (Washington, North Carolina). 13 April 2015.
479. "Deputy shot while directing school traffic in apparent ambush". Policeone.com. 16 April 2015.
480. "Gunman tackled by teacher after firing shots at N. Thurston H.S.". KOMO-TV (Seattle, Washington). 27 April 2015.
481. "Search continues for 16-year-old suspect in school bus shooting". WJAX-TV (Jacksonville, Florida). 15 May 2015.
482. "Two men charged in shooting at Southwestern Academy in Flint". MLive.com (Grand Rapids, Michigan). 27 May 2015.
483. "Savannah State University student dies in campus shooting". CNN International. 28 August 2015.
484. "1 Arrested, Gunman Sought After Deadly Shooting At Sacramento City College". KABC-TV (Los Angeles, California). 3 September 2015.
485. Dirk Lammers (30 September 2015). "S. Dakota high school principal shot, wounded; students safe". Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah).
486. Andrew Blankstein, Tom Winter and Jacquellena Carrero (1 October 2015). "10 Killed in Shooting at Oregon's Umpqua Community College". NBC News.
487. "Deadly Shooting Reported on University Campus in Arizona". ABC News. 9 October 2015.
488. "One dead, one injured in shooting at Texas Southern University; possible suspect detained". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). 9 October 2015.
489. "1 dead in shooting at Tennessee State University in Nashville". CNN International. 23 October 2015.
490. "1 killed in shooting at Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina". CNN International. 1 November 2015.
491. "One dead after shooting at suburban Las Vegas high school". Fox News Channel. 20 November 2015.
492. "Teen shot in leg following basketball game at Lawrence Central High School". WXIN (Indianapolis, Indiana). 22 January 2016.
493. "Boy, 16, arrested after shooting incident at Ben Franklin High School". WPVI-TV (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). 29 January 2016.
494. "4 hurt in shootings outside Muskegon Heights High School, including 2 students". WXMI (Grand Rapids, Michigan). 9 February 2016.
495. Jacques Billeaud and Paul Davenport (13 February 2016). "Police: Shooting at Phoenix-area school was a murder-suicide". Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, Washington).
496. Rick McCrabb, Lauren Pack and Ed Richter (29 February 2016). "Latest on Madison H.S. shooting". WHIO (AM) (Dayton, Ohio).
497. Lauren Clark (2 March 2016). "Parents of Madison H.S. shooting suspect speak; victim returns". WHIO (AM) (Dayton, Ohio).

External links

• School Safety Interim Study Committee - Indiana Legislative Services Agency (24 September 2013)
• Federal Report Looks at Crime and Safety in Schools - Council for American Private Education (CAPE) (January 2015)
• Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 - National Center for Education Statistics (9 July 2015)
• Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 - Council of State Governments Justice Center (15 July 2015)
• Selected Findings from the Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 - Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy (CEBCP) Symposium (17 August 2015)
• Making the Case : Violence is Preventable - Prevention Institute
• Report on the Arapahoe High School Shooting - Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence - Institute for Behavioural Science - University of Colorado Boulder (18 January 2016)