List of private spaceflight companies

This page is a list of non-governmental entities that currently offer – or are planning to offer – equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human spaceflight.

List of abbreviations used in this article
LEO: Low Earth orbit GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Crew and cargo transport vehicles

Company name	Craft name	Craft type	Launcher name	Launcher type	Maximum reach	Passenger capacity	Craft status	Notes
ARCA	Haas 2b	capsule	Haas 2b	rocket	sub-orbit	2	development	[1]
ARCA	Super Haas	capsule	Super Haas	rocket	orbit	2	development	[2]
Armadillo Aerospace	Black Armadillo	rocket	self-powered	self-powered	sub-orbit	1-3	cancelled	[3][4]
Bigelow Aerospace and Boeing	CST-100	capsule	Atlas V[5]	rocket	LEO	7	testing	First crew flight 2017[6]
Bigelow Aerospace and Lockheed Martin	Orion Lite	capsule	Atlas 5 CTS or Falcon 9	rocket	LEO	6-7	cancelled	[7]
Blue Origin	New Shepard	capsule + booster	Propulsion Module	rocket	sub-orbit	6	testing	Commercial unmanned flights in 2016[8][9][10]
Copenhagen Suborbitals	Tycho Brahe	cylinder	HEAT-1X	rocket	sub-orbit	1	cancelled	[11]
Copenhagen Suborbitals	Tycho Deep Space I and II	capsule	-	rocket	sub-orbit	1	development	[11]
EADS Astrium	unnamed craft	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	4	development	[12]
Excalibur Almaz	TKS derivative	capsule	multiple	rocket	LEO	3	cancelled	[13][14]
Interorbital Systems	Solaris X	capsule	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	6	cancelled	[15]
Interorbital Systems	Crew Module	capsule	Neptune TSAAHTO	rocket	lunar orbit	6	development	[16]
Japanese Rocket Society	Kankoh-maru	rocket	self-powered (SSTO)	self-powered (SSTO)	LEO	50	proposed	Sponsors needed[17]
Orbital Sciences Corp.	Cygnus	capsule	Antares (rocket)	rocket	LEO	-	operational (3/4)
Orbital Sciences Corp.	Prometheus	spaceplane	Atlas V	rocket	LEO	4	cancelled	[18]
PlanetSpace	Canadian Arrow	rocket	self-powered	self-powered	sub-orbit	3	cancelled
PlanetSpace	Silver Dart	spaceplane	Canadian Arrow	rocket	LEO	8	cancelled	[19]
Reaction Engines Ltd.	HOTOL	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTO)	self-powered (SSTO)	LEO	-	cancelled	[20]
Reaction Engines Ltd.	HOTOL 2	spaceplane	An 225	airplane	LEO	-	proposed	[21]
Reaction Engines Ltd.	Skylon	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTO)	self-powered (SSTO)	LEO	5-20	development	[21]
Rocketplane Kistler	K-1	rocket	self-powered (TSTO)	self-powered (TSTO)	LEO	-	cancelled	[22]
Rocketplane Kistler	Rocketplane XP	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	6	cancelled	[23]
Rotary Rocket	Roton	rocket	self-powered (SSTO)	self-powered (SSTO)	LEO	2	cancelled	[24]
Scaled Composites	SpaceShipOne	spaceplane	WhiteKnightOne	airplane	sub-orbit	2	retired (3/3)	[25]
Scaled Composites Virgin Galactic (The Spaceship Company)	SpaceShipTwo	spaceplane	WhiteKnightTwo	airplane	sub-orbit	8	testing	First powered flight test 2013[26]
Scaled Composites Virgin Galactic (The Spaceship Company)	SpaceShipThree	spaceplane	WhiteKnightTwo	airplane	LEO (or suborbital passenger-delivery)	?	proposed	[27]
Space Adventures Myasishchev Design Bureau	Explorer (Cosmopolis XXI, C-21)	spaceplane	M-55X	airplane	sub-orbit	5	development	[28]
Space Transport Corp.	Rubicon I	rocket	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	3	cancelled	[29]
Sierra Nevada Corporation	Dream Chaser	spaceplane	Atlas V	rocket	LEO	7	testing	[30]
Sierra Nevada Corporation	Dream Chaser Cargo System	spaceplane	Atlas V	rocket	LEO	0	proposed
SpaceX	Dragon (cargo)	capsule	Falcon 9	rocket	LEO	0	operational (8/9)	[31]
SpaceX	Dragon (V2)	capsule	Falcon 9	rocket	LEO	7	testing	unveiled 29 May 2014, first crew flight 2017 [6][32]
Starchaser Industries	NOVA	capsule	Starchaser 4	rocket	sub-orbit	-	testing	[33]
Starchaser Industries	Thunderstar	capsule	Starchaser 5	rocket	sub-orbit	3	development	[34]
Starchaser Industries	Thunderbird	capsule	Starchaser 5	rocket	sub-orbit	6	development	[34]
t/Space	CXV	capsule	QuickReach	rocket	LEO and lunar orbit	6	development	[35]
Venturer Aerospace	S-550	capsule	Falcon 9	rocket	LEO	6	cancelled	[36]
World View Enterprises	Voyager	capsule	self-powered	helium balloon	near space	8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots)	development	[37]
XCOR	Xerus	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	2	cancelled	[38]
XCOR	Lynx	spaceplane	self-powered (SSTSO)	self-powered (SSTSO)	sub-orbit	2 (pilot + passenger)	development	First test flight now planned for Q2 2016.[39][40][41][42]
zero2infinity	bloon	capsule	self-powered	helium balloon	near space	6 (4 passenger, 2 pilots)	development	[43]

Space stations

Private Company name	Space Craft name	Space Craft type	Internal volume	Passenger capacity	Craft status	Ref
Bigelow Aerospace	Genesis I	Inflatable module	11.5 m^3 (406 cu ft)[44]	unmanned	currently in LEO	[45]
Bigelow Aerospace	Genesis II	Inflatable module	11.5 m^3 (406 cu ft)[46]	unmanned	currently in LEO	[47]
Bigelow Aerospace	Galaxy	Inflatable module	16.7 m^3 (590 cu ft)[48]	unmanned	cancelled	[49]
Bigelow Aerospace	Sundancer	Inflatable module	180 m^3 (6,357 cu ft)	3	cancelled	[50]
Bigelow Aerospace	BA 330	Inflatable module	330 m^3 (11,654 cu ft)	6	testing	[51]
Bigelow Aerospace	BA 2100	Inflatable module	2,100 m^3 (74,161 cu ft)	16	proposed
Excalibur Almaz	Almaz derivative	Rigid module	?	3	inactive	[13][14]
Galactic Suite Ltd.	Galactic Suite	Rigid module	?	6	proposed	[52]
Global Space Organization	GSO Lunar Station One	3D Printed	?	10	proposed	[53]
Orbital Technologies/RSC Energia	Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station	Rigid Module	The first module CSS will be volume about 20 m³.	7	development	[54]
Gateway Galactic, Inc.	Antaios (Depot)	Propellant Depot	?	unmanned	development	[55]

Launch vehicles

Company name	Launcher name	Launcher type	No. of stages	Maximum reach	Launcher status	Maiden flight	Ref
AirLaunch LLC	QuickReach	light rocket	2	LEO	cancelled	?	[56]
ARCA	Haas 2b	light rocket	1	suborbit	development	?	[1]
ARCA	Super Haas	medium rocket	2	LEO	development	?	[2]
Beal Aerospace	BA-2	medium rocket	3	GTO	cancelled	—	[57]
Canadian Arrow	Canadian Arrow	rocket	2	LEO	cancelled	?
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C.	JFCR-2000A	light rocket	1	suborbit	development	2017 (planned)	[58]
DIRECT	Leviathan-140	rocket	2	GTO	development	?	[59]
Firefly Space Systems	Firefly Alpha	light rocket	2	LEO	development	2017 (planned)[60]	[61]
Galaxy Express	GX	medium rocket	2	SSO	cancelled	—	[62]
General Astronautics	Urania	medium rocket	3	LEO	cancelled	—	[63]
Interorbital Systems	Sea Star TSAAHTO	light rocket	2½	LEO	development	?	[64]
Interorbital Systems	Neptune 30	light rocket	multi	LEO	proposed	?	[16]
Interorbital Systems	Neptune 1000	medium rocket	multi	lunar orbit	proposed	?	[16]
Interorbital Systems	Neptune TSAAHTO	heavy rocket	2½	lunar orbit	proposed	?	[16]
Lockheed Martin	VentureStar	reusable spaceplane	1	LEO	cancelled	—	[65]
Mishaal Aerospace	M-SV	light rocket	1	suborbit	development	?	[66][67]
Mishaal Aerospace	M-OV	light rocket	1+2-10 Boosters	LEO	development	?	[66][67]
Orbital Sciences Corp.	Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus	light rocket	4	LEO	operational (6/9)	1994	[68][69][70]
Orbital Sciences Corp.	Antares	medium rocket	3	LEO	operational (4/5)	2013	[71]
Orbital Sciences Corp.	Pegasus	light rocket	3	LEO	operational (37/45)	1990
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG	OTRAG	medium rocket	variable	LEO	retired	1977
PLD Space	Arion 1	light rocket	1	suborbit	development	2018 (planned)	[72][73]
PLD Space	Arion 2	light rocket	2	LEO	development	2020 (planned)	[73]
Rocket Lab	ATEA-1	light rocket	2	suborbit	operational (1/1)	2009	[74][75]
Rocket Lab	Electron	light rocket	2	LEO	development	2016 (Planned)	[76]
Space Services Inc. of America	Percheron	light rocket	1	suborbit	cancelled	—	[77]
Space Services Inc. of America	Conestoga 1620	medium rocket	4	LEO	cancelled	—	[77]
Space Transport Corp.	Spartan	light rocket	3	suborbit	cancelled	—
SpaceLS	Prometheus-1	light rocket	2	LEO	development	?	[78][79]
SpaceX	Falcon 1	light rocket	2	LEO	retired (2/5)	2008	[80]
SpaceX	Falcon 1e	light rocket	2	LEO	cancelled	?	[80]
SpaceX	Falcon 5	medium rocket	2	GTO	cancelled	—	[81]
SpaceX	Falcon 9 v1.0	medium rocket	2	GTO	retired (5/5)	2010	[82]
SpaceX	Falcon 9 v1.1	medium rocket	2	GTO	retired (14/15)	2013	[82]
SpaceX	Falcon 9 full thrust	medium rocket (first stage reusable) / heavy rocket (expendable configuration)	2	TMI[83]	operational (3/3)	2015	[82]
SpaceX	Falcon Heavy	heavy rocket (first stage core and side boosters reusable) / super heavy rocket (expendable configuration)	2+boosters	deep space (Pluto)[84]	development	2016 (planned)	[82][85]
Texas Spacelines Inc / TSI.	Sol Cazador	light rocket	7	HEO/lunar/escape	cancelled	—	[86][87]
Ventions	SALVO	light rocket	2	LEO	testing	2015 (planned)	[88][89]
Virgin Galactic	LauncherOne	light rocket	2	LEO	testing	2016 (planned)	[90]
zero2infinity	bloostar	Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and in-space rocket launcher)	3 + high-altitude balloon ascent	LEO	development	2018	[91]

Landers, rovers and probes

Company name	Craft name	Craft type	Craft status	Ref
Armadillo Aerospace	unnamed craft	rocket module	testing	[92]
BlastOff! Corporation	Lunar 1	rover	cancelled	[93]
Odyssey Moon	MoonOne (M-1)	rover	development	[94]
Astrobotic Technology	Artemis Lander	lunar lander	development	[95]
Astrobotic Technology	Red Rover	rover	development	[96]
Astrobotic Technology	Griffin	lunar lander	negotiating	[97]
Hakuto	Moon Raker	rover	development	[98]
Hakuto	Tetris	rover	development	[99]
Masten Space Systems	XEUS	lunar lander	negotiating	[97]
Moon Express	MX-1 family	lunar lander	testing	[97][100]
Team Italia		rover	development	[101]
Mars One	unnamed	lander	development	[102]
Team FREDNET			development	[103]
TransOrbital	TrailBlazer	lunar orbiter	cancelled	[104]
ARCASPACE	ELE	lunar orbiter	development	[105]
STELLAR			development	[106]
Omega Envoy			development	[107]
Independence-X			development	[108]
SYNERGY MOON			development	[109]
Euroluna	ROMIT		development	[110]
Puli Space Technologies	Puli	rover	fundraising	[111]
Golden Spike Company		Manned lunar lander	proposed	[112]
Lunar Mission One	unnamed	lunar lander + deep drill	development	[113]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Company name	Craft name	Craft purpose	Craft status	Ref
ARCA	Demonstrator 2b	demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine	retired
Armadillo Aerospace	Quad	demonstrate VTOL	retired
Blue Origin	Goddard	demonstrate VTOL	retired
Interorbital Systems	Neutrino	systems testing	operational
Interorbital Systems	Tachyon	systems testing	operational	[114]
Lockheed Martin	X-33	demonstrate SSTO	cancelled
Masten Space Systems	XA-0.1	demonstrate VTOL	retired
Masten Space Systems	XA-0.1B	Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1	operational
Masten Space Systems	XA-0.1E	Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights	operational
Masten Space Systems	XA-0.1E2	commercial flights	development
McDonnell Douglas	DC-X	demonstrate VTOL	retired (11 test flights)
Rotary Rocket	Roton ATV	demonstrate VTOL	retired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc.	Conestoga I	systems testing	retired (1 test)	[77]
SpaceX	Grasshopper	demonstrate VTOL	retired (8 tests)	[115]
SpaceX	F9R Dev1	refine VTOL (low altitude)	destroyed (5 flights)	[116]
SpaceX	F9R Dev2	refine VTOL (high altitude)	development
Swedish Space Corp.	Maxus	payload to 700 km	operational
Swedish Space Corp.	Maser	payload to 300 km	operational
UP Aerospace	SpaceLoft XL	payload to 140 km	operational	[117]
World View Enterprises	Tycho Platform	payload up to 46 km and 300 kg	operational	[118]
zero2infinity	nanobloon 1.0	payload to 32 km	operational	[119]
zero2infinity	nanobloon 2.0	payload to 33 km	operational
zero2infinity	microbloon 1.0	payload to 24 km	operational
zero2infinity	microbloon 2.0	payload to 31 km	operational
zero2infinity	microbloon 3.0	payload to 27 km	operational

Space mining

Company name	Body to be mined	Mining craft	Mining status	Ref
Infinite Space Dynamics	Near-Earth Asteroids, Moon, Asteroid Belt	Development	Development
Shackleton Energy Company	Moon	Architecture	Architecture
Moon Express	Moon	Unknown	Unknown
Planetary Resources	Near-Earth asteroids	Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300	development	[120]
Deep Space Industries	Near-Earth asteroids		press conference
Global Space Organization	Moon, Near-Earth asteroids	Robotic Systems	proposed	[121]
Stott Space Inc.	Near-Earth asteroids		fundraising	[122]

Space manufacturing

Company name	Products	Manufacturing craft	status	Ref
Infinite Space Dynamics	Propellant, Space Infrastructure, Propellant depot, communications platforms, space solar power satellites
Shackleton Energy Company	propellant, space infrastructure, Propellant depot
Deep Space Industries	propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites

Space Colonization

Company name	Colony location	Status	Ref
Mars One	Mars	Fundraising and assessing astronaut applications	[123]

Propulsion manufacturers

Company name	Engine	Engine type	Applications	Ref
Accion Systems Inc.	MAX-1 and TILE	electric, electrospray ion
Ad Astra Rocket Company	VASIMR	magnetoplasma	may be used for future Mars missions[124]
AE Aerospace	HIRE[125][126]	hybrid ion rocket
AE Aerospace	Scearamjet[127]	Electric Scramjet
American Rocket Company		hybrid rocket	The company became insolvent and was shut down in May 1996. Its lineage is part of SpaceShipOne.
ARCA	Executor (rocket engine)	LOX/RP-1	IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas
CU Aerospace	PUC, CHIPS, PPT-11	MCD[128] / Resistojet / PPT[129]	Small satellite / CubeSat missions[130]
Reaction Engines Ltd.	SABRE	precooled air-breathing rocket	planned to be used in Skylon	[131]
Virgin Galactic	RocketMotorTwo	hybrid rocket	SpaceShipTwo
SpaceDev		hybrid rocket	SpaceShipOne
SpaceX	Kestrel (rocket engine)	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 1 second stage
SpaceX	Merlin (rocket engine)	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 1,[132] Falcon 9,[133] Falcon 9 Heavy first stage
SpaceX	Merlin Vacuum	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 9, Falcon 9 Heavy second stage
SpaceX	Raptor (rocket engine)	LOX/Liquid methane	"a highly reusable methane staged-combustion engine that will power the next generation of SpaceX launch vehicles designed for the exploration and colonization of Mars."[134]
TerraTrac Aerospace S.P.	Ion-sublight Engine

Satellite launchers

Company	Launch vehicles	Notes	Refs
Arianespace	Ariane, Vega
Eurockot Launch Services	Rockot
International Launch Services	Proton
ISC Kosmotras	Dnepr
Orbital Sciences Corporation		own launchers
SpaceX		own launchers
Sea Launch	Zenit	(and subsidiary Land Launch)
Land Launch	Zenit	subsidiary of Sea Launch
Starsem	Soyuz

Spaceliner companies

Company name	Contracts for	Craft utilised	Status	Notes	Refs
Benson Space Company	SpaceDev	Dream Chaser	waiting for hardware
MirCorp	none	Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir	defunct, Mir deorbited
Space Adventures	none	Soyuz and the ISS	active (7 tourists sent)
RocketShip Tours	XCOR	Lynx rocketplane	waiting for hardware
Virgin Galactic	Scaled Composites	SpaceShipTwo	waiting for hardware

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

Company	Production	Notes	Refs
Altius Space Machines
Advanced Space		Advanced Space is a software and services company that leverages its unique subject matter expertise to improve the fundamentals of spaceflight.
Andrews Space
EADS Astrium Satellites
EADS Astrium Space Transportation
Made in Space			[135]
Rocketstar Robotics, Inc.
Thortek Laboratories, Inc.
Starsys		merged with SpaceDev
SpaceDev
Space Environment Technologies		Space Environment Technologies provides services, products, and hardware for the operational space environment. It offers operational capabilities for forecasting Low Earth Orbit densities and for specifying surface charging, internal charging, single event effect, and radiation environments.
SpaceQuest, Ltd.
Talis Enterprises, Ltd.

See also

• Tourism on Moon
• List of government space agencies
• List of spacecraft manufacturers including the "traditional space" companies
• Private spaceflight
• Space industry

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