List of Apollo missions

Green dots indicate locations of Apollo landings on the moon

The Apollo program included both manned and unmanned space missions, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned Moon landings between 1969 and 1972.

Launch vehicles

Four Apollo rocket assemblies, drawn to scale: Little Joe II, Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V.

The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles:

• Little Joe II - unmanned suborbital launch escape system development.
• Saturn I - unmanned suborbital and orbital hardware development.
• Saturn IB - preparatory unmanned missions, and Apollo 7, the first manned (Earth orbit) mission.
• Saturn V - unmanned and manned earth orbit and lunar missions.

The Marshall Space Flight Center, which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.

Unmanned missions

From 1961 to 1968, the Saturn launch vehicles and components of the Apollo spacecraft were tested in unmanned flights.

Saturn I

Mission	LV Serial N^o	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
SA-1	SA-1	27 October 1961	15:06 GMT	Test of Saturn I first stage S-I; dummy upper stages carried water
SA-2	SA-2	25 April 1962	14:00 GMT	Dummy upper stages released 22,900 U.S. gallons (86,685 l) of water into upper atmosphere, to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions
SA-3	SA-3	16 November 1962	17:45 GMT	Repeat of SA-2 mission
SA-4	SA-4	28 March 1963	20:11 GMT	Test premature shutdown of a single S-I engine
SA-5	SA-5	29 January 1964	16:25 GMT	First flight of live second stage; first orbital flight
AS-101	SA-6	28 May 1964	17:07 GMT	Tested first boilerplate Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) for structural integrity
AS-102	SA-7	18 September 1964	17:22 GMT	Carried first programmable-in-flight computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last launch vehicle development flight.
AS-103	SA-9	16 February 1965	14:37 GMT	Carried first Pegasus micrometeorite satellite (Pegasus A) in addition to boilerplate CSM
AS-104	SA-8	25 May 1965	07:35 GMT	Carried Pegasus B and boilerplate CSM
AS-105	SA-10	30 July 1965	13:00 GMT	Carried Pegasus C and boilerplate CSM

Launch escape system (LES) tests

From August 1963 to January 1966 a number of tests were conducted for development of the launch escape system (LES). These included simulated pad aborts, which might occur while the Apollo-Saturn space vehicle was still on the launch pad, and flights on the Little Joe II rocket to simulate Mode I aborts which might occur while the vehicle was in the air.

LES pad abort tests

Pad Abort Test with boilerplate command module

Mission	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
Pad Abort Test 1	7 November 1963	16:00 GMT	LES abort test from launch pad.
Pad Abort Test 2	29 June 1965	13:00 GMT	LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM.

LES tests with the Little Joe II rocket

Mission	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
QTV	28 August 1963	13:05 GMT	Little Joe II qualification test.
A-001	13 May 1964	13:00 GMT	Launch escape system (LES) transonic test, success except for parachute failure.
A-002	8 December 1964	15:00 GMT	LES maximum altitude, Max-Q abort test.
A-003	19 May 1965	13:01 GMT	LES canard maximum altitude abort test.
A-004	20 January 1966	15:17 GMT	LES test of maximum weight, tumbling Block-I CM.

Unmanned Apollo-Saturn IB and Saturn V

Some incongruity in the numbering and naming of the first three unmanned Apollo-Saturn (AS), or Apollo flights, is due to the posthumous honorary renaming of the flight which would have been AS-204, to Apollo 1. This manned flight was to have followed the first three unmanned flights. After the fire which killed the AS-204 crew on the pad during a test and training exercise, unmanned Apollo flights resumed to test the Saturn V launch vehicle and the Lunar Module; these were designated Apollo 4, 5 and 6. The first manned Apollo mission was thus Apollo 7. Simple "Apollo" numbers were never assigned to the first three unmanned flights, although renaming AS-201, AS-202 and AS-203 as Apollo 1-A, Apollo 2 and Apollo 3, had been briefly considered.^[1]

Mission	Launch vehicle Serial N^o	Launch Date	Launch Time	Results
AS-201	Saturn IB AS-201	26 February 1966	16:12 GMT	First test of Saturn IB. First flight of Block I Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM). After a suborbital flight the command module (CM) landed in the Atlantic ocean demonstrating the heat shield; however a propellant pressure loss caused premature service module (SM) engine shutdown.
AS-203	Saturn IB AS-203	5 July 1966	14:53 GMT	No Apollo spacecraft carried; successfully verified restartable S-IVB stage design for Saturn V. Additional testing designed to rupture the tank inadvertently destroyed the stage.
AS-202	Saturn IB AS-202	25 August 1966	17:15 GMT	Longer duration suborbital to Pacific Ocean splashdown; CM heat shield tested to higher speed; successful SM firings.
Apollo 4	Saturn V AS-501	9 November 1967	12:00 GMT	First flight of Saturn V rocket; successfully demonstrated S-IVB third stage restart and tested CM heat shield at lunar re-entry speeds.
Apollo 5	Saturn IB AS-204	22 January 1968	22:48 GMT	First flight of Lunar Module; successfully fired descent engine and ascent engine; demonstrated "fire-in-the-hole" landing abort test.
Apollo 6	Saturn V AS-502	4 April 1968	16:12 GMT	Second flight of Saturn V; severe "pogo" vibrations caused two second-stage engines to shut down prematurely, and third stage restart to fail. SM engine used to achieve high-speed re-entry, though less than Apollo 4. NASA identified vibration fixes and declared Saturn V man-rated.

Manned Apollo missions

Block I crew positions for Apollo 1 were designated Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot. Corresponding Block II positions were designated Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot (regardless of whether or not a Lunar Module was present on the mission.)

A total of fifteen Saturn V vehicles were ordered (through AS-515), which would have been enough for three more Moon landing missions through Apollo 20. This flight was cancelled during the first Apollo 11 landing mission, to make the launch vehicle available for the Skylab space station. Shortly thereafter, Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled in response to Congressional cuts in NASA's budget.

Several of the missions involved extravehicular activity (EVA), "space walks" or "Moon walks" outside of the spacecraft. These were of three types: testing the lunar EVA suit in Earth orbit (Apollo 9), exploring the lunar surface, and retrieving film canisters from the Scientific Instrument Module stored in the Service Module.

Mission	Rocket	LV Serial N^o	Commander	Sr Pilot/ CM Pilot	Pilot/ LM Pilot	CM Name	LM Name	Launch Date	Launch Time	Duration
Apollo 1 (AS-204)	Saturn IB	AS-204	Grissom	White	Chaffee	N/A	No LM	21 February 1967 (Planned)	N/A	N/A
	Never launched. On 27 January 1967, a fire erupted in the Apollo command module during a test on the launch pad, destroying the module and killing astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee. The Saturn 1B launch vehicle, serial number AS-204, was undamaged and later used for the Apollo 5 mission.
Apollo 7	Saturn IB	AS-205	Schirra	Eisele	Cunningham	N/A	No LM	11 October 1968	15:02 GMT	10d 20h 09m 03s
	A test flight of the Block II CSM in Earth orbit, Apollo 7 was the first manned Apollo flight and the first manned flight of the Saturn IB. It was the only manned Apollo launch not from LC 39. It included the first live TV broadcast from an American spacecraft.
Apollo 8	Saturn V	AS-503	Borman	Lovell	Anders	N/A	No LM	21 December 1968	12:51 GMT	06d 03h 00m 42s
	Apollo 8 was the first manned circumlunar flight of the CSM (10 orbits in 20 hours) and the first manned flight of the Saturn V. The crew were the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and earth rise over the lunar horizon with their own eyes. Live television pictures were broadcast to Earth.
Apollo 9	Saturn V	AS-504	McDivitt	Scott	Schweickart	Gumdrop	Spider	3 March 1969	16:00 GMT	10d 01h 00m 54s
	During 10 days in Earth orbit, Apollo 9 conducted the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, demonstrating its propulsion and ability to rendezvous and dock with the CSM. An EVA tested the Portable Life Support System (PLSS).
Apollo 10	Saturn V	AS-505	Stafford	Young	Cernan	Charlie Brown	Snoopy	18 May 1969	16:49 GMT	08d 00h 03m 23s
	In this "dress rehearsal" for the lunar landing, Apollo 10's Lunar Module was flown manned around the Moon and descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) without landing.
Apollo 11	Saturn V	AS-506	Armstrong	Collins	Aldrin	Columbia	Eagle	16 July 1969	13:32 GMT	08d 03h 18m 35s
	On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module performed the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility, overcoming navigation errors and computer alarms. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin performed a single EVA in the direct vicinity of the LM.
Apollo 12	Saturn V	AS-507	Conrad	Gordon	Bean	Yankee Clipper	Intrepid	14 November 1969	16:22 GMT	10d 04h 36m 24s
	Following two lightning strikes on the spacecraft during launch, with brief loss of fuel cells and telemetry, Apollo 12 performed the first precise manned landing on the Moon in the Ocean of Storms near the Surveyor 3 probe. In two EVAs, the astronauts recovered portions of Surveyor and returned them to Earth. First controlled LM ascent stage impact after jettison; first use of deployable S-band antenna; lunar TV camera damaged by accidental exposure to sun.
Apollo 13	Saturn V	AS-508	Lovell	Swigert	Haise	Odyssey	Aquarius	11 April 1970	19:13 GMT	05d 22h 54m 41s
	Intended to land at Fra Mauro, Apollo 13's mission was aborted after an SM oxygen tank exploded on the trip to the moon, causing the landing to be cancelled. After a single loop around the moon, the LM was used as crew "lifeboat" for safe return. First S-IVB stage impact on Moon as active seismic test.
Apollo 14	Saturn V	AS-509	Shepard	Roosa	Mitchell	Kitty Hawk	Antares	31 January 1971	21:03 GMT	09d 00h 01m 58s
	After docking problems, a faulty LM abort switch and delayed landing radar acquisition, Apollo 14's LM landed successfully at Fra Mauro. First color video images from the surface of the Moon, first materials science experiments in space, and two EVAs, in one of which Shepard performed a golf shot.
Apollo 15	Saturn V	AS-510	Scott	Worden	Irwin	Endeavour	Falcon	26 July 1971	13:34 GMT	12d 07h 11m 53s
	Apollo 15, landing at Hadley–Apennine was the first "J series" mission with a 3-day lunar stay and extensive geology investigations. First use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, driving 17.25 miles (27.8 km); 1 lunar "standup" EVA, 3 lunar surface EVAs and deep space EVA on return to retrieve orbital camera film from SM.
Apollo 16	Saturn V	AS-511	Young	Mattingly	Duke	Casper	Orion	16 April 1972	17:54 GMT	11d 01h 51m 05s
	After a malfunction in a backup CSM yaw gimbal servo loop delayed the landing and reduced CSM time in lunar orbit, Apollo 16's LM landed in the Descartes Highlands. No ascent stage deorbit due to malfunction; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA.
Apollo 17	Saturn V	AS-512	Cernan	Evans	Schmitt	America	Challenger	7 December 1972	05:33 GMT	12d 13h 51m 59s
	The final Apollo lunar mission landed at Taurus–Littrow. Schmitt, a geologist, was the first professional scientist to go on a NASA mission. First night launch; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA. As of 2016, the last manned spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit.

Cancelled missions

Mission name/designation	Commander	CM Pilot	LM Pilot	Mission date	Date of cancellation
Apollo 2	Schirra	Eisele	Cunningham	August 1967	December 22, 1966
	Deemed unnecessary.
Apollo 18	Gordon	Brand	Schmitt	February 1972	2 September 1970
	Budget cuts
Apollo 19	Haise	Pogue	Carr	July 1972	2 September 1970
	Budget cuts
Apollo 20	Conrad or Roosa	Weitz	Lousma	December 1972 to February 1973	4 January 1970
	Launch vehicle needed to launch Skylab

Post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware

Unmanned missions

Mission	Rocket	LV Serial N^o	Launch Date	Launch Time
Skylab 1	Saturn V	AS-513 minus S-IVB	14 May 1973	17:30 UTC
	Unmanned launch of the Skylab space station. The space station was later crewed by missions Skylab 2, Skylab 3 and Skylab 4.

Manned missions

Mission	Rocket	LV Serial N^o	Commander	Pilot	Science Pilot	Launch Date	Launch Time	Duration
Skylab 2	Saturn IB	AS-206	Conrad	Weitz	Kerwin	25 May 1973	13:00 GMT	28d 00h 49m 49s
	First crew of the Skylab space station.
Skylab 3	Saturn IB	AS-207	Bean	Lousma	Garriott	28 July 1973	11:10 GMT	59d 11h 09m 34s
	Second Skylab crew. Reaction Control System thruster malfunction nearly necessitated a Rescue Mission.
Skylab 4	Saturn IB	AS-208	Carr	Pogue	Gibson	16 November 1973	14:01 GMT	84d 01h 15m 31s
	Third and final Skylab crew. Penultimate flight of Apollo.
Mission	Rocket	LV Serial N^o	Commander	CM Pilot	Docking Module Pilot	Launch Date	Launch Time	Duration
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project	Saturn IB	AS-210	Stafford	Brand	Slayton	15 July 1975	12:20 GMT	09d 01h 28m
	Final flight of both Apollo and the Saturn IB. Rendezvous and docking with Soyuz 19 spacecraft. The inadvertent entry of toxic gases into the cabin atmosphere created a potentially life-threatening health risk to the astronauts during re-entry.

Launch Complex utilization

• Launch Complex 34 - SA-1, SA-2, SA-3, SA-4, AS-201, AS-202, AS-204 (Apollo 1), AS-205 (Apollo 7)
• Launch Complex 37B - SA-5, AS-101, AS-102, AS-103, AS-104, AS-105, AS-203, AS-204 (Apollo 5)
• Launch Complex 39A - AS-501 (Apollo 4), AS-502 (Apollo 6), AS-503 (Apollo 8), AS-504 (Apollo 9), AS-506 (Apollo 11), AS-507 (Apollo 12), AS-508 (Apollo 13), AS-509 (Apollo 14), AS-510 (Apollo 15), AS-511 (Apollo 16), AS-512 (Apollo 17)
• Launch Complex 39B - AS-505 (Apollo 10).

References

1. http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/vintage-space/what-happened-apollos-2-and-3

External links

• NASA page on Apollo Missions
• National Space Science Data Center (Goddard Space Flight Center): Apollo Program with links to books on Program
• Space.com List of Apollo Missions.
• www.astronomytoday.com List of Missions
• Project Apollo (photo) Archive

See also