Los Angeles Metro Rail

Metro Rail
Overview
Locale Los Angeles County, California
Transit type Rapid transit
(heavy rail and light rail)
Number of lines

6 lines total[1]

Line number Blue Line Blue Line 
Expo Line Expo Line 
Gold Line Gold Line 
Green Line Green Line 
Purple Line Purple Line 
Red Line Red Line 
Number of stations 86[1]
Daily ridership 348,158 (December 2014;
avg. weekday boardings)[1]
Website Metro
Operation
Began operation July 14, 1990 (1990-07-14)[1][2]
Operator(s) Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro)
Headway 4–8 mins (peak); 10–20 mins (off-peak)
Technical
System length 98.5 mi (158.5 km)[1]
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
(standard gauge)
System map

Metro Rail is an urban rail system serving Los Angeles County, California. It consists of six lines, including two rapid transit subway lines (the Red and Purple lines) and four light rail lines (the Blue, Green, Gold and Expo lines) serving 86 stations. It connects with the Metro Liner bus rapid transit system (the Orange Line and Silver Line) and also with the Metrolink commuter rail system. Metro Rail, which had an average daily weekday ridership of 362,904 as of June 2012,[3] is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) and started service in 1990. It has been extended significantly since that time and several further extensions are either in the works or being considered.

The Metro Rail system is the indirect descendant of Pacific Electric Red Car and Los Angeles Railway Yellow Car lines, which operated between the late 19th century and the 1960s, and utilizes many of their former rights-of-way.[4]

Current system

Lines

In Los Angeles Metro terminology, common with most other metro systems, a line is a named service, defined by a route and set of stations served by trains on that route. (The word does not refer to a physical rail corridor, as it does in New York City Subway nomenclature.) Metro Rail lines are named after colors (with the exception of the Expo Line), and these colors are used to distinguish the lines on Metro's maps. Metro also uses colors for its Metro Liner services (which are bus services operating in transitways). Some Metro Rail lines (in particular, the Crenshaw/LAX Line) have no colors assigned to them yet. There is currently a proposal to rename all metro rail and BRT lines with letters.[5]

Six Metro Rail lines operate in Los Angeles County:[1]

Line name Opening[1] Length[1] Stations[1] Termini Type
Blue Line Blue Line  1990 22 mi (35 km) 22 7th Street/Metro Center (north)
Downtown Long Beach (south)		 Light rail
Expo Line Expo Line  2012 8.6 mi (13.8 km) 12 7th Street/Metro Center (east)
Culver City (west)		 Light rail
Gold Line Gold Line  2003 31 mi (50 km) 27 APU/Citrus College (north)
Atlantic (south)		 Light rail
Green Line Green Line  1995 20 mi (32 km) 14 Redondo Beach (west)
Norwalk (east) 		Light rail
Purple Line Purple Line  2006[lower-alpha 1] 6.4 mi (10.3 km) 8 Wilshire/Western (west)
Union Station (east)		 Heavy rail
Red Line Red Line  1993 16.4 mi (26.4 km) 14 North Hollywood (west)
Union Station (east)		 Heavy rail
  1. ↑ The segments on which the Purple Line operates opened as part of the Red Line corridor in 1993 and 1996. The Purple Line was not defined as a distinct line until 2006.

The Red and Purple lines follow a fully underground route (subway), and the Green Line follows a fully elevated route. The Blue, Expo and Gold Line routes run in a mix of environments, including at-grade street running, at-grade ROW, elevated, and underground.[1]

The two heavy-rail lines (Red and Purple) share right-of-way between Union Station and Wilshire/Vermont, while two of the light-rail lines (Blue and Expo) share right-of-way between 7th St/Metro Center and Pico, since they use compatible technologies. Future system expansions are expected to use shared light-rail rights-of-way.

Stations

Two Siemens P2000 trainsets on the Gold Line
Metro Gold Line at Atlantic Station.
Westbound Metro Green Line train to Redondo Beach Station arrives at Long Beach Boulevard Station.
Metro Red Line train entering Union Station.
Metro Blue Line train stationed at Downtown Long Beach (formerly known as Transit Mall) Station.
Metro Expo Line train departing to Downtown LA.

Stations include at least two ticket machines, wayfinding displays, electronic displays (limited to displaying the time on stations on lines without train tracking), and bench seating. Surface stations are designed with shade canopies. Many suburban stations also have free or reserved parking available and some have bike storage available. After many years lacking them, locking fare gates (turnstiles) have been phased in at all underground stations and many surface stations.

Most stations are completely unstaffed during regular hours. Call boxes are available at each underground station to service confused passengers and provide security presence.

Metro Rail stations tend to be larger than most counterpart stations in the United States. All street-level light rail stations feature platforms with segregation from nearby roads and sidewalks. All heavy rail stations have a mezzanine; the mezzanine is often heavily decorated while the platform level has a simple design.

The large majority of light rail stations are either at ground level or elevated, while a handful are located underground. All heavy rail stations are located underground. Each station features unique artwork reflecting local culture and/or the function of transit in society. Subway stations and tunnels are designed to resist earthquakes of up to magnitude 7.5.

Wi-Fi and cellular phone service will be installed in stations and tunnels along the Metro Rail system as a $800,000 project. Coverage will be rolled out in phases, starting with portions of the Red and Purple lines, then later the Gold Line by March 2017.[6]

Rolling stock

Metro Rail maintains two distinct systems of rail: a light rail system and a heavy rail system. The heavy rail and light rail systems are incompatible with each other, even though they both use standard gauge track (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) between rails). Metro's heavy rail lines are powered by third rail, whereas its light rail lines are powered by overhead catenary lines. Also, the two separate systems use different loading gauge, and platforms are designed to match the separate car widths.

Hours of operation

All Metro Rail lines run regularly between 5am and midnight, seven days a week. Limited service on particular segments is provided after midnight and before 5am. On Friday and Saturday evenings, service operates until approximately 2am. There is no rail service between 2am and 3:30am, except on special occasions such as New Year's Eve. Service operates every 5–10 minutes during the peak period, every 10–15 minutes during middays and during the day on weekends, and every 20 minutes during the evening until the close of service. Exact times vary from route to route.

Fares and fare collection

The standard Metro base fare applies for all trips. Fare collection is based on a partial proof-of-payment system. At least two fare machines are located at each station. Fare inspectors and deputy sheriffs police the system and cite individuals without fares. Passengers are required to purchase a TAP card to enter stations equipped with fare gates. Passengers using a TAP card can transfer between Metro routes for free within 2 hours from the first tap.

The following table shows Metro fares, effective September 15, 2014 (in US dollars):

Fare Type Regular Senior (62+)/
Disabled/
Medicare		 College/
Vocational		 Student K-12
Base Fare $1.75 $0.35 (off-peak)
$0.75 (peak)		 — $1
Tokens (bag of 10) $17.50 — — —
1-Day Pass $7 $2.50 — —
7-Day Pass $25 — — —
30-Day Pass $100 $20 $43 $24
Metro-to-Muni Transfer $0.50 $0.25 — —

Transit Access Pass (TAP) and fare gates

Metro has implemented a system of electronic fare collection using a stored value smartcard called the Transit Access Pass (or TAP Card). This card was intended to simplify fare collection and reduce costs.[7] In 2012, paper monthly passes were phased out and replaced with the TAP Card. As of September 2013, first-time Metro riders must deposit an additional $2 (or $1 at TVMs) on top of their first fare payment in order to obtain a reloadable TAP Card.

In addition, Metro began installing fare gates in 2008, at all heavy rail stations, select light rail stations, and all future stations. The station gates are intended to reduce these losses and free riding. In addition, the fare gates improve security at all the stations, providing more accurate ridership statistics and allow the ability to eventually have zone fares.

Implementation of both programs (the TAP Card and the fare gate program) has turned out to be expensive ($154 million in total, so far) and its initial rollout was problematic.[8] While the TAP Card has been popular, some new stations, particularly on the Expo Line, do not have fare gates and use validators instead.

Ridership

As of the fourth quarter of 2014, the combined Metro Red and Purple lines averaged a weekday ridership of 153,000,[9] making it the ninth busiest heavy rail (rapid transit) system in the United States. Taking overall track length into consideration, Metro Rail's heavy rail lines transport 8,793 passengers per route mile, making this the fifth busiest system U.S. rapid transit system on a per mile basis. This is still a far lower per-mile ridership than the transit systems of New York City (New York City Subway and PATH), Boston (MBTA), and Philadelphia (SEPTA).

Metro's light rail system is the second busiest LRT system in the United States and largest in the Western United States and California by ridership, with 200,800 average weekday boardings during Q4 2014.[9] Additionally, the Blue Line is the second largest light rail line by ridership in the United States with an average weekday ridership of 89,646 in 2013,[10][11] after the Boston Green Line's daily ridership of 221,400 (in Q4 2013),[12] though the Boston Green Line has four outbound termini, so that its 23 miles (37 km) of route service a larger lateral area than the Blue Line's 22 miles (35 km), but over a shorter length.

Security and safety

Metro Rail's trains and stations are patrolled by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department,[13] and are monitored by security personnel via closed-circuit television cameras in Metro Rail stations and subway cars.[14]

History

Background

Over five decades Southern California had an extensive privately owned rail transit network with over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of track – operated by Pacific Electric (Red Cars) and Los Angeles Railway (Yellow Cars). However, from 1927 revenue shortfall caused Pacific Electric to begin replacing lightly used rail lines with buses.

In World War II, the system briefly returned to profitability due to gas rationing and troop movement, but after the war Pacific Electric once again maintained an operating deficit and the rail system was slowly dismantled in what became known as the Great American streetcar scandal. In 1958 the remnants of the privately owned rail and bus systems were consolidated into a government agency known as the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority or MTA.

The final removal of the system continued, and by 1963 the remaining rail lines were completely removed and replaced with bus service. In the decades that followed, with growing traffic congestion, public support for the return of rail transit increased.

Planning

Beginning in the 1970s, a variety of factors, including environmental concerns, an increasing population and the price of gasoline led to calls for mass transit other than buses. In 1976, the State of California formed the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission to coordinate the SCRTD's efforts with those of various municipal transit systems in the area and to take over planning of countywide transportation systems. The SCRTD continued planning of the Metrorail Subway (the Red Line), while the LACTC developed plans for the light rail system. After decades, the wheels of government began to move forward, and construction began on the Los Angeles County Metro Rail system in 1985. In 1988, the two agencies formed a third entity under which all rail construction would be consolidated. In 1993, the SCRTD and the LACTC were finally merged into the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA, now branded as Metro).

The LACMTA began construction of the initial lines throughout the 1980s using revenues from a voter-approved increase in sales tax.

Expansions

The Blue Line finally opened on July 14, 1990, some 27 years after the final streetcar line closed. Since that date, the system has been developed to its current size. The following table shows the timeline of this expansion:

Segment description Date opened Line(s) Endpoints # of new
stations		 Length
(miles)
Blue Line Initial Segment July 14, 1990 Blue Pico to Anaheim Street 17 19.1
Blue Line Long Beach Loop September 1, 1990 Blue Anaheim Street to Pacific 4 2.2
Blue Line To Financial District February 15, 1991 Blue Pico to 7th St/Metro Center 1 0.7
Red Line MOS-1 January 30, 1993 Red, Purple[lower-alpha 1] Union Station to Westlake/MacArthur Park 4[lower-alpha 2] 4.4
Green Line August 12, 1995 Green Redondo Beach to Norwalk 13[lower-alpha 2] 20.0
Red Line MOS-2 West July 13, 1996 Red, Purple[lower-alpha 1] Westlake/MacArthur Park to Wilshire/Western 3 2.0
Red Line MOS-2 North June 12, 1999 Red Wilshire/Vermont to Hollywood/Vine 5 4.7
Red Line MOS-3 June 24, 2000 Red Hollywood/Vine to North Hollywood 3 6.3
Gold Line Initial Segment July 26, 2003 Gold Union Station to Sierra Madre Villa 12[lower-alpha 2] 13.7
Gold Line Eastside Extension November 15, 2009 Gold Union Station to Atlantic 8 6.0
Expo Line Initial Segment April 28, 2012 Expo Flower/Washington to La Cienega/Jefferson[lower-alpha 3] 8 7.6
Expo Line Culver City Extension June 20, 2012 Expo La Cienega/Jefferson to Culver City 2[lower-alpha 4] 1.0
Gold Line Foothill Extension March 5, 2016[15] Gold Sierra Madre Villa to APU/Citrus College 6 11.5
86 99.2[lower-alpha 5]
  1. 1 2 Segment opened as part of the Red Line corridor. The Purple Line was not defined as a distinct line until 2006.
  2. 1 2 3 Segment also included significant expansion of an existing station: this was not counted as a new station.
  3. ↑ In terms of added trackage; Expo Line has thru service to 7th St/ Metro Center.
  4. ↑ Expansion included new infill station.
  5. ↑ Likely varies from the "official" Metro figure due to rounding differences.

Future

Metro has worked over the past several years to plan and prioritize project funding and implementation. Metro's 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) was developed to provide a long-term vision of transportation system development for the next 30 years.[16] Measure R, a countywide incrememental sales tax increase passed by voters in 2008, provides funding for many of the highest priority projects in the LRTP.[17] Measure J, a proposed extension of the Measure R sales tax for an additional 30 years that would have allowed for acceleration of the construction timeline for many of the LRTP projects appeared on the November, 6th 2012 ballot in Los Angeles County.[18] However, Measure J did not succeed, garnering 66.11% of the vote, just short of the ⅔ majority needed to pass. The result has prompted some to reconsider the utility of a ⅔ vote threshold for passage of transit taxes.[19][20] In 2015, Metro contemplated renaming its light rail lines using a letter-based scheme,[21][22] but has not adopted the proposal as of April 2016.

Current and priority projects

The following rail projects have been given high priority by Metro. They all appear in the LRTP constrained plan,[16] and all have funding earmarked from Measure R.[17][23]

Concept Name Description Construction Operational Status
Expo Line Phase 2[24][25] Extends the Metro Expo Line light rail corridor westward from Culver City to Santa Monica. 2010–12 May 20, 2016[26] Pre-revenue testing
Crenshaw/LAX Line[27] Creates a new light-rail route to be used by the Crenshaw/LAX Line, starting at a new light rail subway station near the current Crenshaw/Expo station (Metro Expo Line) and connecting to the Metro Green Line corridor near the current Aviation/LAX station. 2010–12 2019 Under construction
Regional Connector[28] Creates a new light rail subway route through Downtown Los Angeles, linking the Metro Blue Line, Gold Line and Expo Line. 2014–16 2020[28] Under construction[29]
Purple Line Extension Phase 1[30][31] Extends the Metro Purple Line west along Wilshire Blvd to La Cienega Blvd (with fully approved plans to later extend the line to Westwood). Extensions as far as Westwood are included under Measure R. Further extensions west from Century City to Westwood are included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in Metro's 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan,[32] meaning they would require new funding sources. 2013–15 2023 Under construction[33]
East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor[34] Light rail, streetcar, or BRT line, connecting the east San Fernando Valley to the Metro Orange Line, largely along Van Nuys Blvd and San Fernando Road. The Sepulveda Pass transit corridor is immediately to the south of Van Nuys Blvd corridor; if a rail alternative is selected for both corridors, they may eventually be merged into one route. 2013–15 2018(?) Draft EIR in progress
Gold Line Eastside Phase 2 Corridor[35] Extends the Metro Gold Line from its current Eastside terminus eastward. Two routes - either along Washington Boulevard to Whittier or along SR-60 to South El Monte - are under consideration. Metro directors have expressed interest in building both routes if funding becomes available, either as branches or with one route connecting to the Gold Line and the other to the planned West Santa Ana Branch line. 2025 2035 Draft EIR published
South Bay Green Line Extension[36] Extends the Metro Green Line from its current terminus in Redondo Beach toward the South Bay and Torrance. 2026 2035 Draft EIR in progress
Airport Metro Connector[37] In cooperation with Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), connects LAX to the L.A. Metro Rail system, through the construction of a automated people mover system through an infill light rail station, via the Metro Crenshaw/LAX Line to connect to LAX Terminals 1-8 and car rental center. 2010–12 2024 Draft EIR preparation to begin in Q1 2015
West Santa Ana Branch Corridor[38][39] Creates a new rail or bus rapid transit route connecting the Gateway Cities to Orange County. Metro staff have floated the possibility of connecting the corridor to either Whittier via Washington Boulevard or South El Monte via SR-60, whichever is not chosen for the Gold Line Eastside Extension Phase 2. Early plans for the corridor also included connecting it to a line to Burbank. 2017 2024 Alternatives analysis in progress[38]
Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor[40] Freeway project added a 10-mile HOV lane and improved supporting infrastructure such as ramps, bridges and sound walls on the San Diego Fwy. (I-405); later option to add a heavy rail or light rail route connecting the west San Fernando Valley to the Westside. If a rail option is chosen, it could merge into the Van Nuys Boulevard (East SFV) Corridor to San Fernando Metrolink in the north, and could reach Westwood and eventually LAX in the south. Additional funding, either from taxes or a public-private partnership, is likely required due to the high cost of tunneling through the mountains, according to Metro reports. 2028 2039 Alternatives analysis in progress

Other expansion concepts

The following proposed line/system expansions do not currently have funding or high priority in Metro's long-range plans. Some are listed as "strategic unfunded" in the last Long Range Transportation Plan, indicating some possibility they could be constructed should additional funding materialize. Others have been the subject of Metro Board discussion, with the possibility of future feasibility studies. (More information on each project can be found in the references.)

Note that a major update of Metro plans is underway, with a view to seeking additional funding via a ballot measure and updating the Long Range Transportation Plan. The results of early planning studies as a part of that process are expected to be made public in approximately February 2015, and may result in the addition of new proposed projects, changes to concepts listed below, and the removal of concepts whose popularity has declined since 2009.

Concept Name Description Source
Pink Line (Originally HRT) Create a new LRT line connecting the Metro Red Line's Hollywood/Highland station to the Metro Purple Line, via Santa Monica Boulevard and West Hollywood. Possible future extension south of Wilshire on San Vicente Boulevard, connecting to a future Crenshaw Line that would run north of Exposition Boulevard. Routes including Fairfax, La Brea, and La Cienega have been floated in Metro planning documents. An extension of the Crenshaw Line is included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in the 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32] Metro's Westside Subway Extension meetings.[30]
Gold Line Ontario Extension Further extend the Metro Gold Line eastward to L.A./Ontario International Airport, via Upland. Because Ontario is across the county line in San Bernardino County, extensions beyond Claremont would require San Bernardino County funding and changes to Metro's powers under state legislation. Further eastward extensions of the Gold Line are included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project (though with "first priority" for funding in Tier 1) in the 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32] Metro Gold Line Foothill Construction Authority,[41] GoldLine2Ontario.com[42]
Red Line Eastern Extension Extend the Metro Red Line (or Purple Line) from eastern terminus, south along the river to either Arts District or the future "Cleantech" corridor, and possibly across the river along Whittier Blvd. to the Eastside. Considered unlikely after decision to serve some of these areas with the Gold Line Eastside extension, and not included in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[43] However, Metro is studying the possibility of adding one or two stops along the river in the Arts District as part of a project to improve and expand the rail yard already in the area to accommodate increased headways once the Purple Line extension is completed.[44]
Burbank-Glendale Line Would connect Downtown Los Angeles to Glendale and Burbank. Studied in the 1990s, and included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32]
Red Line To Burbank Airport Extend the Metro Red Line 3.2 miles (5.1 km) from its northwestern terminus to Burbank Airport. Included as a Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32]
Lincoln Blvd Line Extend the Green Line northwest to Westchester, Marina Del Rey or Santa Monica. The Green Line was originally engineered to maintain compatibility with this extension, and includes a wye near LAX to connect to this. Included in City of Los Angeles Westside Mobility Plan, and as a Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32]
Green Line To Norwalk Metrolink Extend the Green Line east to Norwalk/Santa Fe Springs station (Metrolink). Included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32] [45]
Vermont Corridor Subway Create a new subway down Vermont Avenue, connecting the Metro Red Line and Purple Line to the Metro Expo Line and Green Line. Included as a Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan;[32] a Bus Rapid Transit line is planned for the corridor in the meantime.
"Silver Line" (former name) New light-rail line planned to connect El Monte to Hollywood, via Valley Blvd corridor and Santa Monica Boulevard. Included as a Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32] Silver Line website (archived),[46] The Transit Coalition website.[47]
NoHo/Burbank-Pasadena Corridor (or State Route 134 Corridor) Mentioned as potential subject for study in recent Metro Board motions. Included as a Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan;[32] a Bus Rapid Transit line is planned for the corridor in the meantime.
Yellow Line (North Hollywood to Downtown) Citizen proposal to reuse the former Pacific Electric "Belmont Tunnel" into downtown. The portal and tunnel are currently obstructed in multiple locations. Listed as one of several Tier 2 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in the 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32]
Harbor Line Light rail line to connect harbor area (San Pedro) to Metro Blue Line or Green Line. Floated in LA City Council motions and Metro Harbor Subdivision studies. A further southward extension to the Green Line is included as a Tier 1 Strategic Unfunded Plan project in the 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan.[32] Citizens for a Harbor Line (blog)[48]
Orange Line LRT Conversion Converting the current BRT line to LRT for some or all of its length. Made possible after the 2014 repeal of state legislation prohibiting LRT along the Orange Line right of way, which had been enacted due to neighborhood opposition in the 1990s.[49] Bridges along the busway are designed to LRT standards, but the project would require substantial service disruption as the roadway is replaced by rails and catenary wire installed. Some Valley politicians and pressure groups have endorsed the proposal; critics have suggested that funding would be better spent on adding new lines along other corridors in the Valley.
LAX Express Limited stop line connecting Union Station to Los Angeles International Airport, mainly via rail right-of-way along Slauson Avenue. Studied as part of the Harbor Subdivision Study. A greenway along Slauson, currently under study, would use the right of way and thus make construction of this project unlikely.
Get LA Moving Detailed unofficial comprehensive plan of regional mass transit, including new lines and extensions to existing lines. Get L.A. Moving Plan[50]
MoveLA Measure R2 Plan Discussion draft of possible funding under a new ballot measure, issued by MoveLA in 2014. Includes many of the above proposals, including: converting the Orange Line to Light Rail between North Hollywood and Warner Center; a Sepulveda Pass line from Sylmar to LAX; a South Bay extension of the Green Line along the Harbor Subdivision through Wilmington to connect to the Blue Line in Long Beach; a Gold Line Foothills Extension all the way to the San Bernardino County line; a Crenshaw line extension to Wilshire, West Hollywood, and Hollywood; a West Santa Ana Branch Line between Downtown Los Angeles and the Orange County line; a Purple Line extension to Santa Monica; a second branch of the Eastside Gold Line Phase 2 to whichever of Whittier or South El Monte is not chosen for Measure R funding; a Green Line extension to Norwalk Metrolink; a Red Line extension to Burbank airport; a Downtown LA-Burbank line; and a Burbank-Pasadena line.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Facts At A Glance". Metro. January 16, 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  2. ↑ "20 Years of Metro Rail". Metro. 2010. Retrieved 2014-12-05.
  3. ↑ "Metro Rail ridership surges in June". Metro. July 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  4. ↑ Taplin, Michael (1991). "City of the Automobile: Los Angeles looks to Light Rail London". Light Rail Review 2 (Platform 5 Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association). pp. 27–30. ISBN 1-872524-23-0.
  5. ↑ "Letter Designations for Fixed Guideway Lines" (pdf). Metro. April 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  6. ↑ Scauzillo, Steve (January 17, 2015). "Red Line subway riders in L.A. to get WiFi, cell phone service". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  7. ↑ "Fares". Metro. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  8. ↑ "MTA's $46M system of locking turnstiles sits unused, waiting for fare cards to be adopted - LA Daily News". Dailynews.com. August 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  9. 1 2 "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter and End-of-Year 2014" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association (APTA). March 3, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-05 – via http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/ridershipreport.aspx.
  10. ↑ "Metro Ridership - Rail". Service Performance Analysis, Metro. Retrieved 2015-04-05 – via https://www.metro.net/news/pages/ridership-statistics/.
  11. ↑ "Monthly Ridership Plot" (pdf). Service Performance Analysis, Metro. March 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-05.
  12. ↑ "Public Transportation Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2013" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association (APTA). February 26, 2014. Retrieved 2015-04-05 – via http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/ridershipreport.aspx.
  13. ↑ "Security". Metro.net. July 23, 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  14. ↑ "Riders with Other Forms of Transport Switching to Metro". www.metro.net. September 13, 2006. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  15. ↑ Nelson, Laura (March 5, 2016). "San Gabriel commuters cheer as Gold Line rail extension officially opens". LA Times. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  16. 1 2 "Long Range Transportation Plan". Metro. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  17. 1 2 "Measure R". Metro. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  18. ↑ "Measure J". Metro. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  19. ↑ "Measure J Fails". County of Los Angeles Registrar-Recorder. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  20. ↑ "Transit Backers Seek to Change State Law". Los Angeles Times. December 4, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  21. ↑ Steve Hymon (April 7, 2015). "PowerPoint: Metro staff proposal to rename rail and BRT lines". The Source. Metro.
  22. ↑ "LA Metro Could Switch Rail Line Names From Colors To Letters". Curbed Los Angeles. Curbed Staff. April 3, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Transit Program - Project Management - Project Budget and Schedule Status" (pdf). Metro. June 19, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  24. ↑ "BuildExpo". BuildExpo. 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
  25. ↑ "Metro Rail Expo Corridor, Phase 2 to Santa Monica". Metro. May 23, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-09. Metro is scheduled to begin train safety tests in late 2015, with a projected line opening in early 2016.
  26. ↑ Steve Hymon (February 25, 2016). "7 things to know about Expo 2 opening on May 20". The Source (Metro). Retrieved 2016-03-07.
  27. ↑ "Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor". Metro. March 4, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
  28. 1 2 "Regional Connector Transit Corridor". Metro. May 20, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
  29. ↑ Steve Hymon (September 30, 2014). "Ground is broken for Regional Connector project to link Blue, Expo and Gold Lines". The Source (Metro). Retrieved 2014-11-19.
  30. 1 2 "Purple Line Extension (project website)". Metro. February 11, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
  31. ↑ "Summer 2013 - General Fact Sheet - Purple Line Extension" (pdf). Metro. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "2009 Long Range Transportation Plan" (pdf). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro). 2010. p. 31. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  33. ↑ Dave Sotero (November 10, 2014). "Long wait over: groundbreaking held for Wilshire Boulevard subway extension". The Source (Metro). Retrieved 2014-11-19.
  34. ↑ "East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor". Metro. July 8, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  35. ↑ "Eastside Transit Corridor Phase 2". Metro. May 6, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  36. ↑ "South Bay Metro Green Line Extension". Metro. March 24, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  37. ↑ "Airport Metro Connector". Metro. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
  38. 1 2 "West Santa Ana Transit Corridor". Metro. March 6, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  39. ↑ "Home". pacificelectriccorridor.com. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  40. ↑ "Sepulveda Pass Corridor". Metro. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  41. ↑ "Metro Gold Line Foothill Extension Construction Authority (project website)". Metro Gold Line Foothill Extension Construction Authority. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  42. ↑ "Serv-U from RhinoSoft.com". Goldline2ontario.com. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  43. ↑ "Los Angeles Downtown News and Information". Ladowntownnews.com. May 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  44. ↑ Nelson, Laura J. (March 18, 2015). "Metro could expand subway service to the downtown L.A. Arts District". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
  45. ↑ Weikel, Dan (January 10, 2016). "Closing 2.8-mile transit gap in Norwalk could smooth regional commute". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  46. ↑ "METRO SILVER LINE -- Los Angeles Light Rail Trains from El Monte to Silver Lake // Silverline, Mass Transit". metrosilverline.com. Archived from the original on 2005-10-29.
  47. ↑ "The National Transit Coalition". thetransitcoalition.us.
  48. ↑ "harborline". harborline.blogspot.com.
  49. ↑ Steve Hymon (July 9, 2014). "Transportation headlines, Wednesday, July 9". The Source (Metro). Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  50. ↑ "Get L.A. Moving". fminus.com.

External links

Media related to LACMTA Metro Rail at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, April 27, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.