Los Angeles County, California

Los Angeles County, California
County
County of Los Angeles

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): "L.A. County"

Location of the county in California

California's location in the contiguous United States
Coordinates: 34°3′N 118°15′W / 34.050°N 118.250°W / 34.050; -118.250Coordinates: 34°3′N 118°15′W / 34.050°N 118.250°W / 34.050; -118.250
Country  United States of America
State

 California

Region Southern California
Metro area Greater Los Angeles Area
Formed February 18, 1850[1]
Named for City of Los Angeles
County seat Los Angeles
Largest city Los Angeles
Incorporated cities 88
Government
 • Type Council–manager
 • Body Board of Supervisors
 • Board of Supervisors[2]
 • Chief executive officer Sachi A. Hamai (interim)
Area
 • Total 4,751 sq mi (12,310 km2)
 • Land 4,058 sq mi (10,510 km2)
 • Water 693 sq mi (1,790 km2)
Highest elevation[3] 10,068 ft (3,069 m)
Lowest elevation[4] 0 ft (0 m)
Population (April 1, 2010)[5]
 • Total 9,818,605
 • Estimate (2015)[5] 10,170,292
 • Density 2,100/sq mi (800/km2)
Time zone Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7)
ZIP codes 90001–90899, 91001–93599
Area codes 213, 310/424, 323, 562, 626, 661, 747/818, 909
FIPS code 06-037
GNIS feature ID 277283
Website www.lacounty.gov
Chamber of Commerce brochure, c. 1920

Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles,[6] with a population of more than ten million people, is the most populous county in the United States. It has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles (10,570 km2) it is larger than the combined areas of the states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county contains more than one quarter of all California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U.S.[7]

History

Los Angeles County is one of the original counties of California, created at the time of statehood in 1850.[8] The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside and Orange counties. As the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889.

Geography

Los Angeles and adjacent counties

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles (12,310 km2), of which 4,058 square miles (10,510 km2) is land and 693 square miles (1,790 km2) (15%) is water.[9] Los Angeles County borders 70 miles (110 km) of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The Los Angeles River, Rio Hondo, the San Gabriel River and the Santa Clara River flow in Los Angeles County, while the primary mountain ranges are the Santa Monica Mountains and the San Gabriel Mountains. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, in the northeastern part of the county. Most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley and Antelope Valley.

The county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Most of the county's highest peaks are in the San Gabriel Mountains, including Mount San Antonio 10,068 feet (3,069 m)) at the Los Angeles-San Bernardino county lines, Mount Baden-Powell 9,399 feet (2,865 m), Mount Burnham 8,997 feet (2,742 m) and Mount Wilson 5,710 feet (1,740 m). Several lower mountains are in the northern, western,and southwestern parts of the county, including the San Emigdio Mountains, the southernmost part of Tehachapi Mountains and the Sierra Pelona Mountains.

Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, which are part of the Channel Islands archipelago off the Pacific Coast.

Lakes and reservoirs

Major divisions of the county

National protected areas

Demographics

Los Angeles County had a population of 9,818,605 in the 2010 United States Census. The racial makeup of Los Angeles County was 4,936,599 (50%) White, 1,346,865 (13.7%) Asian, 856,874 (9%) African American, 72,828 (0.7%) Native American, 26,094 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 2,140,632 (21.8%) from other races, and 438,713 (4.5%) from two or more races.

Non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population.[10] Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889 (48%); 36% of Los Angeles County's population was of Mexican ancestry; 3.7% Salvadoran, and 2.2% Guatemalan heritage.[11]

Los Angeles County has a large population of Asians, being home to the largest concentration of immigrants who are Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Indonesian, Korean, Sri Lankan, Taiwanese, and Thai in the world.[12] The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 (13.7%) Asians in Los Angeles County are 4.0% Chinese, 3.3% Filipino, 2.2% Korean, 1.0% Japanese, 0.9% Vietnamese, 0.8% Indian, and 0.3% Cambodian.

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18503,530—
186011,333221.0%
187015,30935.1%
188033,381118.0%
1890101,454203.9%
1900170,29867.9%
1910504,131196.0%
1920936,45585.8%
19302,208,492135.8%
19402,785,64326.1%
19504,151,68749.0%
19606,038,77145.5%
19707,041,98016.6%
19807,477,4216.2%
19908,863,16418.5%
20009,519,3387.4%
20109,818,6053.1%
Est. 201510,170,2923.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790–1960[14] 1900–1990[15]
1990–2000[16] 2010–2015[17]

Race and ancestry

Population, race, and income (2011)
Total population[18] 9,787,747
  White[18] 5,126,367 52.4%
  Black or African American[18] 844,048 8.6%
  American Indian or Alaska Native[18] 49,329 0.5%
  Asian[18] 1,347,782 13.8%
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[18] 26,310 0.3%
  Some other race[18] 2,064,759 21.1%
  Two or more races[18] 329,152 3.4%
 Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[19] 4,644,328 47.5%
Per capita income[20] $27,954
Median household income[21] $56,266
Median family income[22] $62,595

The racial makeup of the county is 48.7% White,[23] 11.0% African American, 0.8% Native American, 10.0% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 23.5% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. 44.6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The largest European-American ancestry groups are German (6%), Irish (5%), English (4%) and Italian (3%). 45.9% of the population reported speaking only English at home; 37.9% spoke Spanish, 2.22% Tagalog, 2.0% Chinese, 1.9% Korean, and 1.87% Armenian.[24]

The county has the largest Native American population of any county in the nation: according to the 2000 census, it has more than 153,550 people of indigenous descent, and most are from Latin America.

As estimated by the Public Policy Institute of California in 2008, Los Angeles County is home to more than one-third of California's illegal immigrants, who make up more than ten percent of the population.[25]

2000

Map of Los Angeles County showing population density in 2000 by census tract

At the census[26] of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people, 3,133,774 households, and 2,137,233 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,344 people per square mile (905/km²). There were 3,270,909 housing units at an average density of 806 per square mile (311/km²).

There were 3,133,774 households out of which 37% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48% were married couples living together, 15% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32% were non-families. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61.

In the county the population was spread out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64, and 10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

Income

The median income for a household in the county was $42,189, and the median income for a family was $46,452. Males had a median income of $36,299 versus $30,981 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,683. There are 14.4% of families living below the poverty line and 17.9% of the population, including 24.2% of under 18 and 10.5% of those over 64. Los Angeles County has the highest number of millionaires of any county in the nation, totaling 261,081 households as of 2007.[27]

The homeownership rate is 47.9%, and the median value for houses is $409,300. 42.2% of housing units are in multi-unit structures. Los Angeles County has the largest number of homeless people, with "48,000 people living on the streets, including 6,000 veterans."[28]

Religion

In 2000, there were hundreds of Christian churches, 202 Jewish synagogues, 145 Buddhist temples, 48 Muslim mosques, 44 Bahai worship centers, 37 Hindu temples, 28 Tenrikyo churches and fellowships, 16 Shinto worship centers, and 14 Sikh gurdwaras in the county.[29] The Los Angeles Archdiocese has approximately 5 million members and is the largest in the United States.

Law, government and politics

Government

The Government of Los Angeles County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law and the Charter of the County of Los Angeles.[30] Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of local governments such as the Government of Los Angeles County.

The county's voters elect a governing five-member Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. The small size of the board means each supervisor represents over 2 million people. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. As a legislative authority, it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas (ordinances that affect the whole county, like posting of restaurant ratings, must be ratified by the individual city). As an executive body, it can tell the county departments what to do, and how to do it. As a quasi-judicial body, the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process, and holds public hearings on various agenda items.

As of 2008, the Board of Supervisors oversees a $22.5 billion annual budget and approximately 100,000 employees.[31] The county government is managed on a day-to-day basis by a Chief Executive Officer, William T Fujioka, and is organized into many departments, each of which is enormous in comparison to equivalent county-level (and even many state-level) departments anywhere else in the United States. Some of the larger or better-known departments include:

The Grand Avenue entrance of the Stanley Mosk Courthouse.

The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, despite its name, is not a County department. Technically it is a state-mandated county transportation commission that also operates bus and rail.

Politics

Los Angeles County vote
by party in presidential elections
Year GOP DEM Others
2012 27.8% 885,333 69.7% 2,216,903 2.5% 77,378
2008 28.8% 956,425 69.2% 2,295,853 2.0% 65,970
2004 35.6% 1,076,225 63.2% 1,907,736 1.3% 39,319
2000 32.4% 871,930 63.5% 1,710,505 4.2% 112,719
1996 31.0% 746,544 59.3% 1,430,629 9.7% 233,841
1992 29.0% 799,607 52.5% 1,446,529 18.4% 507,267
1988 46.9% 1,239,716 51.9% 1,372,352 1.2% 32,603
1984 54.5% 1,424,113 44.4% 1,158,912 1.1% 29,889
1980 50.2% 1,224,533 40.2% 979,830 9.7% 235,822
1976 47.8% 1,174,926 49.7% 1,221,893 2.5% 62,258
1972 54.8% 1,549,717 42.0% 1,189,977 3.2% 90,676
1968 47.6% 1,266,480 46.0% 1,223,251 6.3% 168,251
1964 42.5% 1,161,067 57.4% 1,568,300 0.1% 1,551
1960 49.4% 1,302,661 50.2% 1,323,818 0.3% 8,020
1956 55.4% 1,260,206 44.3% 1,007,887 0.3% 7,331
1952 56.2% 1,278,407 42.7% 971,408 1.1% 24,725
1948 46.5% 804,232 47.0% 812,690 6.5% 112,160
1944 42.7% 666,441 56.8% 886,252 0.6% 8,871
1940 40.6% 574,266 58.1% 822,718 1.3% 18,285
1936 31.6% 357,401 67.0% 757,351 1.4% 15,663
1932 38.6% 373,738 57.2% 554,476 4.3% 41,380
1928 70.2% 513,526 28.7% 209,945 1.1% 7,830
1924 65.5% 299,675 7.3% 33,554 27.2% 124,228
1920 69.1% 178,117 21.6% 55,661 9.3% 23,992

Voter registration

Population and registered voters
Total population[18] 9,787,747
  Registered voters[32][note 1] 4,865,403 49.7%
    Democratic[32] 2,486,479 51.1%
    Republican[32] 1,048,507 21.6%
    Democratic–Republican spread[32] +1,437,972 +29.5%
    Independent[32] 109,055 2.2%
    Green[32] 24,534 0.5%
    Libertarian[32] 25,808 0.5%
    Peace and Freedom[32] 24,950 0.5%
    Americans Elect[32] 2,583 0.1%
    Other[32] 262,180 5.4%
    No party preference[32] 881,307 18.1%

Overview

Los Angeles County has voted for the Democratic candidate in most of the presidential elections in the past four decades, although it did vote twice for Dwight Eisenhower (1952, 1956), Richard Nixon (1968, 1972), and Ronald Reagan (1980, 1984) the latter two of whom were Californians. From 1920 to 1984 it was a bellwether county that always voted for the eventual national winner. It then has gone against the national popular vote winner in 1988 and 2004. In 2008 and 2012 approximately 69% of the electorate voted for Democrat Barack Obama.

In the United States House of Representatives, Los Angeles County is split between 18 congressional districts:[33] In the California State Senate, Los Angeles County is split between 15 legislative districts:[34] In the California State Assembly, Los Angeles County is split between 24 legislative districts:[35]

On November 4, 2008, Los Angeles County was almost evenly split over Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages. The county voted for the amendment 50.1% with a margin of 2,385 votes.[36]

Legal system

The Los Angeles Superior Court, has jurisdiction over all cases arising under state law, while the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California hears all federal cases. Both are headquartered in a large cluster of government buildings in the city's Civic Center.

Historically, the courthouses were county-owned buildings that were maintained at county expense, which created significant friction since the trial court judges, as officials of the state government, had to lobby the county Board of Supervisors for facility renovations and upgrades. In turn, the state judiciary successfully persuaded the state Legislature to authorize the transfer of all courthouses to the state government in 2008 and 2009 (so that judges would have direct control over their own courthouses). Courthouse security is still provided by the county government under a contract with the state.

Unlike the largest city in the United States, New York City, all of the city of Los Angeles and most of its important suburbs are located within a single county. As a result, both the county superior court and the federal district court are respectively the busiest courts of their type in the nation.[37][38]

Many celebrities like O. J. Simpson have been seen in Los Angeles courts. In 2003, the television show Extra (based in nearby Glendale) found itself running so many reports on the legal problems of local celebrities that it spun them off into a separate show, Celebrity Justice.

State cases are appealed to the Court of Appeal for the Second Appellate District, which is also headquartered in the Civic Center, and then to the California Supreme Court, which is headquartered in San Francisco but also hears argument in Los Angeles (again, in the Civic Center). Federal cases are appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which hears them at its branch building in Pasadena. The court of last resort for federal cases is the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Other statistics

Crime in 2008 (reported by the sheriff's office or police)[41]

Crime in 2013

Economy

Los Angeles County is commonly associated with the entertainment industry; all six major film studios—Paramount Pictures, 21st Century Fox, Sony, Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, and Walt Disney Studios—are located within the county. Beyond motion picture and television program production, other major industries of Los Angeles County are international trade supported by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach, music recording and production, aerospace, and professional services such as law and medicine.

The following major companies have headquarters in Los Angeles County:

Education

The Los Angeles County Office of Education provides a supporting role for school districts in the area. The county office also operates two magnet schools, the International Polytechnic High School and Los Angeles County High School for the Arts. There are a number of private schools in the county, most notably those operated by the Los Angeles Archdiocese.

Colleges

Universities

Sites of interest

L.A. County Fair at dusk, 2008
Photo of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art during its 2005 Ancient Egypt exhibit.

The county's most visited park is Griffith Park, owned by the city of Los Angeles. The county is also known for the annual Rose Parade in Pasadena, the annual Los Angeles County Fair in Pomona, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Los Angeles Zoo, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the La Brea Tar Pits, the Arboretum of Los Angeles, and two horse racetracks and two car racetracks (Pomona Raceway and Irwindale Speedway), also the RMS Queen Mary located in Long Beach, and the Long Beach Grand Prix, and miles of beaches—from Zuma to Cabrillo.

Venice Beach is a popular attraction where its Muscle Beach used to find throngs of tourists admiring "hardbodies". Today, it is more arts-centered. Santa Monica's pier is a well known tourist spot, famous for its ferris wheel and bumper car rides, which were featured in the introductory segment of the television sitcom Three's Company. Further north in Pacific Palisades one finds the beaches used in the television series Baywatch. The fabled Malibu, home of many a film or television star, lies west of it.

In the mountain, canyon, and desert areas one may find Vasquez Rocks Natural Area Park, where many old westerns were filmed. Mount Wilson Observatory in the San Gabriel Mountains is open for the public to view astronomical stars from its telescope, now computer-assisted. Many county residents find relaxation in water skiing and swimming at Castaic Lake Recreation Area – the county's largest park by area – as well as enjoying natural surroundings and starry nights at Saddleback Butte State Park in the eastern Antelope Valley – California State Parks' largest in area within the county. The California Poppy Reserve is located in the western Antelope Valley and shows off the State's flower in great quantity on its rolling hills every spring.

Museums

Entertainment

Music venues

Disney Concert Hall

Amusement parks

Other attractions

Other areas

Angeles National Forest

Transportation

Major highways

Air

Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), located in the Westchester district, is the primary commercial airport for commercial airlines in the county and the Greater Los Angeles Area. LAX is operated by Los Angeles World Airports, an agency of the City of Los Angeles. Other important commercial airports in Los Angeles County include:

The following general aviation airports also are located in Los Angeles County:

County operated airports (Department of Public Works, Aviation Division)
City operated airports

Besides the non-flying Los Angeles Air Force Base in El Segundo, the U.S. Air Force has two airports in Los Angeles County:

Rail

Los Angeles is a major freight railroad transportation center, largely due to the large volumes of freight moving in and out of the county's port facilities. The ports are connected to the downtown rail yards and to the main lines of Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe headed east via a grade-separated, freight rail corridor known as the Alameda Corridor.

Passenger rail service is provided in the county by Amtrak, Los Angeles Metro Rail and Metrolink.

Amtrak has the following intercity Amtrak service at Union Station in the city of Los Angeles.

Union Station is also the primary hub for Metrolink commuter rail, which serves much of the Greater Los Angeles Area.

Light rail, subway (heavy rail), and long-distance bus service are all provided by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro).

Sea

The county's two main seaports are the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach. Together they handle over a quarter of all container traffic entering the United States, making the complex the largest and most important port in the country, and the third-largest port in the world by shipping volume.

The Port of Los Angeles is the largest cruise ship center on the West Coast, handling more than 1 million passengers annually.

The Port of Long Beach is home to the Sea Launch program, which uses a floating launch platform to insert payloads into orbits that would be difficult to attain from existing land-based launch sites.

Ferries link the Catalina Island city of Avalon to the mainland.

Communities

Cities

There are 88 incorporated cities in Los Angeles County. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the most populous are:[45]

Unincorporated areas

Census designated places

Other communities

See: Los Angeles Almanac MAP: Unincorporated Areas and Communities of Los Angeles County

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  2. ↑ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References

  1. ↑ "Chronology". California State Association of Counties. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Board of Supervisors". County of Los Angeles. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  3. ↑ Mount San Antonio in the San Gabriel Mountains, on border with San Bernardino County.
  4. ↑ Sea level at the Pacific Ocean.
  5. 1 2 "American Fact Finder - Results". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Los Angeles County". lacounty.gov.
  7. ↑ "Newsroom: Population: Census Bureau Releases State and County Data Depicting Nation's Population Ahead of 2010 Census". Census.gov. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  8. ↑ Coy, Owen C.; Ph.D. (1923). California County Boundaries. Berkeley: California Historical Commission. p. 140. ASIN B000GRBCXG.
  9. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Los Angeles County, California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  11. ↑ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  12. ↑ Trinidad, Elson (27 September 2013). "L.A. County is the Capital of Asian America". KCET. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  15. ↑ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  17. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  19. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  20. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  21. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  23. ↑ This included over 65,000 Arabs and 75,000 Iranian, who many people would not count as White (see 2000 Census fact sheet table). For a clear discussion of Arabs being counted as white, see Census.gov 014 at the Wayback Machine (archived December 30, 2007)
  24. ↑ "Language Map Data Center". Mla.org. July 17, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  25. ↑ Johnson, Hans; Hill, Laura (July 2011). "Illegal Immigration" (PDF). Publications. Public Policy Institute of California. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  26. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  27. ↑ Frank, Robert (May 5, 2008). "California Boasts Most Millionaires". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
  28. ↑ Nagourney, Adam (December 12, 2010). "Los Angeles Confronts Homelessness Reputation". New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  29. ↑ Selected Non-Christian Religious Traditions in Los Angeles County: 2000 Prolades.com
  30. ↑ California Government Code § 23004
  31. ↑ William T Fujioka, "Department Section," County of Los Angeles, Annual Report 2007-2008, 4.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration. Retrieved October 31, 2013. Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ "Counties by County and by District". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  34. ↑ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  35. ↑ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  36. ↑ "Statement of Vote: 2008 General Election" Archived October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  37. ↑ A look at your Superior Court, Public Information Office, Los Angeles Superior Court
  38. ↑ "LA Court". lasuperiorcourt.org. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2013. Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  40. 1 2 3 United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  41. ↑ "City data – Los Angeles County, CA". analyzed data from numerous sources. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  42. ↑ Kator, Zabi. "Is Security in Los Angeles getting better or worse". guardNOW Security Services. guardNOW Security Services. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Kator, Zabi. "Los Angeles Security & Crime Statisics". guardNOW Security Services. guardNOW Security Services. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  44. ↑ Encyclopedia.com, "Dole gets ready to turn first shovel of headquarters dirt: plans are set to go to Westlake Village City Council". (Dole Food Co. Inc. Los Angeles Business Journal. January 31, 1994. Retrieved on September 27, 2009. Archived January 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  45. ↑ "Los Angeles County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  46. ↑ Jon Gertner, "Playing Sim City for Real," New York Times Magazine, March 18, 2007

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