Madonna albums discography

Madonna albums discography

Madonna performing "Material Girl" from her second studio album, Like a Virgin, on her Rebel Heart Tour. The album became her first number one on the Billboard 200.
Studio albums 13
Live albums 4
Compilation albums 6
EPs 11
Soundtrack albums 3
Remix albums 3
Box sets 21

American singer Madonna has released thirteen studio albums, six compilation albums, three soundtrack albums, four live albums, 11 extended plays, three remix albums, and 21 box sets. In 1982, Madonna signed a recording contract with Sire Records, a label owned by Warner Bros. Records.[1] The first release under the label was her self-titled debut album, Madonna (1983).[2] It peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 and was certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[3][4] She followed the debut album with the sophomore release, Like a Virgin (1984). The album topped the chart in several countries and was certified diamond by the RIAA.[4] True Blue was released as her third studio album in 1986 and sold 25 million copies worldwide, while becoming her second chart topper in US.[5] In 1987, she released two albums that reached platinum status in the United States: the Who's That Girl soundtrack and her first remix compilation, You Can Dance.[6] Madonna's fourth studio album, Like a Prayer (1989), became her third number-one album on the Billboard 200, achieving quadruple platinum in US.[3]

Madonna entered the 1990s with the release of the soundtrack, I'm Breathless (1990), which contained songs inspired by the film Dick Tracy.[7] She also released her first greatest hits compilation, The Immaculate Collection, in the same year. The album has sold more than 30 million copies, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist.[8] It also became the second best-selling album by a female artist in the United Kingdom and her second certified diamond album in the United States.[4][9] In 1991, she signed a $60 million recording contract and business deal with Warner Bros. and Time Warner. As part of this, she founded Maverick Records, which became her main record company, with Sire and Warner Bros. as distributors of her music.[10] Her next releases under Maverick were the studio albums, Erotica (1992) and Bedtime Stories (1994), as well as Something to Remember (1995), a collection of Madonna ballads. All of them reached multi-platinum status in the US and achieved commercial success.[4][7][11] Her third soundtrack album, from the musical Evita, was released in 1996. The double-disc endeavor was certified five times platinum by the RIAA, recognizing 2.5 million shipments throughout the United States.[4] Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, was released in 1998 and has sold more than 16 million copies worldwide.[12]

In 2000, Music became Madonna's fourth number-one album on the Billboard 200; it was her first number-one in 11 years, since Like a Prayer. It also topped the album charts of several European countries.[13] American Life (2003) became Madonna's fifth Billboard 200 number-one album.[14] Confessions on a Dance Floor, released in 2005, was heralded as her comeback album, opening at number-one in United States and in all major music markets.[15] In 2007, Madonna signed a $120 million, 10-year business and recording 360 deal with Live Nation.[16] Her remaining contract with Warner Bros. ended with her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy (2008), which became her seventh number-one album on the Billboard 200, and Celebration (2009), her third greatest hits compilation.[17][18] In 2011, Madonna announced she had signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, who will distribute new recordings in partnership with Live Nation.[19] The first release from this deal was her twelfth studio album, MDNA (2012), which became her eighth chart topper in US. In March 2015, Madonna released her 13th studio album, Rebel Heart, which debuted at number two in the US and the United Kingdom.

Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide and is recognized as the world's best-selling female recording artist of all time by the Guinness World Records.[20][21] She is ranked by the RIAA as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and second best-selling female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums.[22][23] Her albums, The Immaculate Collection, Like a Virgin and True Blue, are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA.[24] In the United Kingdom, she has become the most successful solo artist with a total of 12 number-one albums.[25] According to British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Madonna is the most certified artist of all time in United Kingdom, with 45 awards.[26]

Major releases

Studio albums

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications Sales
US
[3]
AUS
[27]
AUT
[28]
CAN
[29]
FRA
[30]
GER
[31]
ITA
[32]
SPA
[33]
SWI
[34]
UK
[35]
Madonna 8 10 15 16 8 28 6
Like a Virgin
  • Released: November 12, 1984
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 1
True Blue
  • Released: June 30, 1986
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  • US: 7× Platinum[4]
  • AUS: 4× Platinum[36]
  • CAN: Diamond[45]
  • FRA: Diamond[37]
  • GER: 2× Platinum[38]
  • NZ: 5× Platinum[39]
  • SPA: 3× Platinum[40]
  • UK: 7× Platinum[26]
  • World: 25,000,000[5]
  • US: 7,000,000[50]
  • FRA: 1,353,110[51]
  • ITA: 1,500,000[52]
  • UK: 1,997,015[53]
Like a Prayer
  • Released: March 21, 1989
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  • US: 4× Platinum[4]
  • AUS: 4× Platinum[36]
  • AUT: Platinum[54]
  • CAN: 5× Platinum[45]
  • FRA: 2× Platinum[37]
  • GER: 3× Gold[38]
  • NZ: 2× Platinum[39]
  • SPA: 4× Platinum[40]
  • SWI: 2× Platinum[55]
  • UK: 4× Platinum[26]
Erotica
  • Released: October 20, 1992
  • Label: Maverick · Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
2 1 5 4 1 5 2 5 4 2
Bedtime Stories
  • Released: October 25, 1994
  • Label: Maverick, Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
3 1 7 2 2 4 2 5 4 2
Ray of Light 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
  • US: 4× Platinum[4]
  • AUS: 3× Platinum[57]
  • AUT: 2× Platinum[54]
  • CAN: 7× Platinum[45]
  • EU: 7× Platinum[67]
  • FRA: 3× Platinum[37]
  • GER: 3× Platinum[38]
  • NZ: 2× Platinum[39]
  • SPA: 3× Platinum[40]
  • SWI: 3× Platinum[68]
  • UK: 6× Platinum[26]
  • World: 16,000,000[12]
  • US: 4,359,000[E]
  • FRA: 925,400[69]
  • GER: 1,000,000[A]
  • ITA: 500,000[70]
Music
  • Released: September 19, 2000
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: Cassette · CD · digital download · LP
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
  • US: 3× Platinum[4]
  • AUS: 3× Platinum[57]
  • AUT: Platinum[54]
  • CAN: 3× Platinum[45]
  • EU: 5× Platinum[71]
  • FRA: 2× Platinum[37]
  • GER: 2× Platinum[38]
  • NZ: 2× Platinum[39]
  • SPA: 2× Platinum[40]
  • SWI: 2× Platinum[68]
  • UK: 5× Platinum[26]
American Life
  • Released: April 22, 2003
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: Cassette · CD · digital download · LP · box set
1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Confessions on a Dance Floor
  • Released: November 11, 2005
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD · digital download · LP · box set
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  • US: Platinum[4]
  • AUS: 2× Platinum[81]
  • CAN: 5× Platinum[45]
  • EU: 4× Platinum[82]
  • FRA: Diamond[37]
  • GER: 3× Platinum[38]
  • NZ: Platinum[39]
  • SPA: 2× Platinum[83]
  • SWI: 3× Platinum[84]
  • UK: 4× Platinum[26]
Hard Candy
  • Released: April 19, 2008
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD · digital download · LP · box set
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
MDNA 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1
Rebel Heart
  • Released: March 6, 2015
  • Label: Live Nation · Interscope
  • Formats: CD · digital download · LP
2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.

Soundtrack albums

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications Sales
US
[3]
AUS
[27]
AUT
[28]
CAN
[29]
FRA
[30]
GER
[31]
ITA
[32]
SPA
[33]
SWI
[34]
UK
[35]
Who's That Girl
  • Released: July 21, 1987
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
7 24 5 4 2 1 2 4 4 4
I'm Breathless
  • Released: May 22, 1990
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD
2 1 5 2 3 1 2 2 3 2
Evita[B]
  • Released: October 25, 1996
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · digital download
2 5 1 5 2 2 2 16 1 1
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.

Compilation albums

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications Sales
US
[3]
AUS
[27]
AUT
[28]
CAN
[29]
FRA
[30]
GER
[31]
ITA
[32]
SPA
[33]
SWI
[34]
UK
[35]
You Can Dance
  • Released: November 17, 1987
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · picture disc
14 13 13 11 2 13 1 16 11 5
The Immaculate Collection
  • Released: November 9, 1990
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · digital download · MiniDisc · box set
2 1 6 1 2 10 2 5 3 1
Something to Remember
  • Released: November 7, 1995
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD
6 1 1 4 3 2 1 6 7 3
GHV2
  • Released: November 13, 2001
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · cassette · CD · digital download
7 3 1 11 2 3 7 3 3 2
Remixed & Revisited[D]
  • Released: November 24, 2003
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
115 80
Celebration
  • Released: September 18, 2009
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD · digital download · LP
7 6 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.

Live albums

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications Sales
US
[3]
AUS
[27]
AUT
[28]
CAN
[29]
FRA
[30]
GER
[31]
ITA
[32]
SPA
[33]
SWI
[34]
UK
[35]
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret
  • Release: June 20, 2006
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD+DVD · DVD+CD · digital download
33 12 4 8 8 1 7 18
The Confessions Tour
  • Release: January 30, 2007
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD+DVD · DVD · digital download
15 2 2 2 1 1 2 7
Sticky & Sweet Tour
  • Release: March 30, 2010
  • Label: Warner Bros. · Live Nation
  • Formats: CD+DVD · Blu-ray+CD · Blu-ray · digital download
10 3 6 11 2 3 5 17
MDNA World Tour
  • Release: September 9, 2013
  • Label: Live Nation · Interscope
  • Formats: 2CD · DVD+2CD · Blu-ray · DVD · digital download
90 6 2 4 55
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Notes

Limited releases

Extended plays

Album details Notes
Like a Virgin & Other Big Hits!
  • Released: October 10, 1984
  • Label: Sire · Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Formats: LP · CD
  • Japan-only EP released in 1984 by Warner-Pioneer Japan. Includes "Like a Virgin" (Extended Dance Remix), "Holiday", "Lucky Star" (Extended Dance Remix) and "Borderline" (Extended Dance Remix). It was later released as a CD maxi-single.[149]
12"ers+2
  • Released: September 6, 1985
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: Cassette
  • Rare first EP by Madonna. Its release was cancelled in 1985 by Sire Records, but was later available in September 1985 as a promotional only cassette in Japan. The release was cancelled due to the relentless release schedule of Madonna products available in 1985 including the re-release of the albums Madonna and Like a Virgin in many territories. Track listing: "Ain't No Big Deal", "Dress You Up" (The 12" Formal Mix), "Angel" (Extended Dance Mix) "Lucky Star" (U.S. Remix), "Into the Groove", "Material Girl" (Jellybean Dance Mix), "Borderline" (U.S. Remix) and "Like a Virgin" (Extended Dance Remix).[150]
Madonna Mix
  • Released: 1985
  • Label: WEA · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP
  • Rare Venezuelan vinyl EP released in 1985. Includes the tracks: "Borderline", "Holiday" and "Into the Groove" on Side A. "Angel", "Material Girl" and "Dress You Up" on the other side. All tracks are sequenced into each other, like a DJ set and are the original album versions. This set was also later released in Colombia and Ecuador.[151] Due to this release, Madonna's 1987 compilation You Can Dance was retitled You Can Dance: Madonna Mix 2 in Venezuela.[152]
Super Club Mix: True Blue
  • Released: October 1986
  • Label: Sire · Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Formats: LP · CD
  • Japan-only EP released in 1986 by Warner-Pioneer Japan. Includes "True Blue" (The Color Mix), "Everybody" (Dub Version), "Papa Don't Preach" (Extended Remix), "Everybody" (Extended Version) and "Live to Tell" (Instrumental). It was later released as a CD maxi-single.[153]
La Isla Bonita: Super Mix EP
  • Released: May 25, 1987
  • Label: Sire · Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Formats: LP · CD
  • Japan-only EP released in 1987 by Warner-Pioneer Japan. Includes "La Isla Bonita" (Extended Remix), "Open Your Heart" (Extended Version), "Gambler", "Crazy for You" and "La Isla Bonita" (Instrumental). It was later released as a CD maxi-single.[154]
Madonna 1983–1989
  • Released: September 20, 1989
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · CD
  • Japanese greatest hits EP released in September 1989 for DJs and retailers only. It was later re-released in May 1990 as Madonna 1983–1990, replacing the tracks "Crazy for You" and "Into the Groove" with "Vogue" and "Keep It Together".[155]
Vogue EP
  • Released: September 25, 1990
  • Label: Sire · WEA Japan
  • Formats: CD
  • Japan-only EP released in 1990 by WEA Japan. Includes three remixes of "Vogue", two remixes of "Hanky Panky" and the album version of "More".[156]
  • It peaked at number 72 on the Oricon Albums Chart.[157]
The Holiday Collection
  • Released: June 2, 1991
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD · Cassette
Deeper and Deeper EP
  • Released: April 10, 1993
  • Label: Maverick · Sire · Warner Music Japan
  • Formats: CD
  • Japan-only 12-track EP released in 1993 by Warner Music Japan. Includes six remixes of "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl" (Extended Mix) and five remixes of "Erotica".[158]
Rain EP
  • Released: October 25, 1993
  • Label: Maverick · Sire · Warner Music Japan
  • Formats: CD
  • Japan-only 10-track EP released in 1993 by Warner Music Japan. Includes three versions of "Rain", "Waiting" (Remix), "Up Down Suite" (Dub), "Bad Girl" (Extended Mix) and four remixes of "Fever".[159]
  • It peaked at number 78 on the Oricon Albums Chart.[160]
The Girlie Show
  • Released: September 1993
  • Label: Warner Music Brazil
  • Formats: CD
  • Brazilian promotional EP to promote The Girlie Show World Tour. Includes the tracks "Erotica", "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain" and "Bye Bye Baby". This release uses the same photography from the single release of the latter.[161]
Rebel Heart EP
  • UK exclusive digital EP released to coincide with the studio album Rebel Heart. It includes the tracks "Beautiful Scars", "Borrowed Time", "Addicted", "Graffiti Heart" and two remixes of "Living for Love". These tracks were also released on the 2-disc CD version of the album.[162][163]

Remix albums

Album details Notes
Remixed Prayers
  • Released: August 23, 1989
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · CD
GHV2 Remixed: The Best of 1991–2001
  • Released: November 20, 2001
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: LP · CD
  • Promo only remix album consisting of remixed tracks from GHV2 (2001).
Confessions Remixed
  • Released: April 11, 2006
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: Triple LP
  • Limited remixed vinyl edition accompanying Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005).[165]

Box sets

Album details Notes
True Blue/Like a Prayer
  • Australian-only release with two albums on a single cassette. Uniquely, it includes the studio album True Blue on one side of the cassette and Like a Prayer on the other.[166]
The Royal Box
  • Released: December 1990
  • Label: Sire · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD · Cassette
CD Single Collection
  • Box set of forty 3" CD singles, from "Burning Up" (1983) to "One More Chance" (1996), in 8" × 8" × 4" deluxe black glossy box with red titles.[168]
The Immaculate Collection/You Can Dance
  • Box set including the original album releases of The Immaculate Collection and You Can Dance.[169]
Ray of Light/The Immaculate Collection
  • Released: 1999
  • Label: WEA Music, Warner
  • Box set of Ray of Light and The Immaculate Collection released in New Zealand; also titled Ray of Light (Special Edition)
  • Certified Gold by the RIANZ[39][170]
3 for One
  • Box set including the original album releases of Madonna – The First Album (1985 reissue), Like a Virgin (not including "Into the Groove") and True Blue.[171]
Like a Virgin/Madonna – The First Album
  • Released: October 17, 2000
  • Label: WEA Music · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the 1985 reissue editions of Like a Virgin (with "Into the Groove") and Madonna – The First Album.[172]
You Can Dance/Erotica
  • Released: October 17, 2000
  • Label: WEA Music · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the original album releases of You Can Dance and Erotica.[173]
The Immaculate Collection/Something to Remember
  • Released: November 2001
  • Label: WEA Records · Warner Music Australia
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the greatest hits album The Immaculate Collection and the ballads compilation Something to Remember. Released to coincide with the release of the greatest hits package GHV2.[174]
True Blue/Like a Virgin
  • Box set including the 2001 remastered album releases of True Blue and Like a Virgin.[175]
2 CD Hit Collection
  • Box set including Erotica and the 2001 remastered version of Madonna.[176]
The Best of I + II
  • Released: 2002
  • Label: Warner Music Germany
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the original album releases of The Immaculate Collection and GHV2.[177]
American Life: Special Limited Edition Box
  • Released: April 22, 2003
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the album release of American Life with a two-sided 23"×35" poster, stamp sheet and enhanced CD.[178]
Édition Spéciale 2CDs: American Life + Remixed & Revisited
  • Released: December 9, 2003
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the album release of American Life and the remix compilation Remixed & Revisited[179]
American Life/Music
  • Released: 2005
  • Label: Warner Strategic Marketing · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the album release of American Life and the 11-track version of Music (with "American Pie" bonus track).[180]
American Life/Music/Ray of Light
  • Released: 2005
  • Label: Warner Strategic Marketing · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the album release of American Life, the 11-track version of Music (with "American Pie" bonus track) and Ray of Light.[181] It charted at number 174 on the French Albums Chart for two weeks.[30]
Confessions on a Dance Floor: Special Edition Box
  • Released: December 13, 2005
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including two books, one-month free membership to Icon (Madonna's official fanclub) and bonus track "Fighting Spirit".[182]
The Complete Collection
  • Box set including all 17 albums and compilations from Madonna to I'm Going to Tell You a Secret (CD/DVD), the only album not included is the Evita soundtrack. Given as a promotional item to the media to celebrate the London leg of the Confessions Tour with only 100 copies made by Warner Music UK.[183]
Hard Candy: Limited Collector's Edition Candy Box
  • Released: April 29, 2008
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
  • Box set including the album with two bonus remixes of "4 Minutes" and a bag of peppermint candies.[184]
Madonna: Dalle Origini Al Mito (From the Beginning to the Myth)
  • Box set sold weekly by Italian newspaper Corriere Della Sera in 2008 which includes exclusive outer card sleeves design for each CD with Madonna logo spanning across the spines. Albums included were Madonna, Like a Virgin and True Blue (remastered versions), Who's That Girl, Like a Prayer, I'm Breathless, Erotica, Bedtime Stories and Evita plus two DVDs of The Immaculate Collection and Ciao, Italia! – Live from Italy.[185]
Original Album Series
  • Released: March 26, 2012
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
  • European 5-disc box set containing True Blue (remastered), Like a Prayer, Ray of Light, Music and Confessions on a Dance Floor.[186]
The Complete Studio Albums (1983 – 2008)
  • Released: March 26, 2012
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Formats: CD
  • Limited Edition European 11-disc box set containing Madonna (remastered), Like a Virgin (remastered), True Blue (remastered), Like a Prayer, Erotica, Bedtime Stories, Ray of Light, Music, American Life, Confessions on a Dance Floor and Hard Candy.[187] Sold 2,055 copies in the United Kingdom, debuting at number 70 on the Official Albums Chart.[188]
La Sélection Ideale: Madonna
  • Released: August 13, 2012
  • Label: Rhino · WEA Music · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • French box set digi-pak containing the remastered versions of Madonna, True Blue (but omits the bonus extended remixes found on the normal releases) and American Life.[189]
Confessions on a Dance Floor/Like a Virgin
  • Released: July 22, 2013
  • Label: WEA Music · Warner Music France
  • Formats: CD
  • French box set containing Confessions on a Dance Floor and the 2001 remastered version of Like a Virgin.[190]

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. Caulfield, Keith (March 18, 2009). "Madonna Plans New Tracks For Hits Collection". Billboard. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  2. Metz & Benson 1999, p. 25
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Madonna Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "American album certifications – Madonna". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 21, 2009. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  5. 1 2 Kaufman, Gil (March 29, 2012). "Madonna And Lionel Richie To Reunite On Billboard Charts?". MTV. MTV Networks. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  6. Rooksby 2004, p. 45
  7. 1 2 Taraborrelli 2002, p. 73
  8. 1 2 Mitchell, John (August 16, 2011). "Happy Birthday, Madonna!". MTV (MTV Networks). Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  9. "Top 40 Best Selling Albums 28 July 1956 – 14 June 2009" (PDF). British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
  10. Holden, Stephen (April 20, 1992). "Madonna Makes a $60 Million Deal". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  11. 1 2 3 "El reinado de Madonna a través de sus discos". Univision (in Spanish). Univision Communications. p. 11,19. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  12. 1 2 Taraborrelli 2002, pp. 303
  13. Caulfield, Keith (September 28, 2000). "After 11 Year Absence, Madonna's Back At No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  14. Hastings, Chris (October 16, 2005). "Thank You For the Music! How Madonna's New Single Will Give Abba Their Greatest-Ever Hit". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved January 7, 2008.
  15. Harris, Chris (November 23, 2005). "Madonna's Confessions Floors Carrie And Carey For Billboard #1". MTV News. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  16. Pietroluongo, Silvio (October 23, 2007). "Update Madonna confirms deal with Live Nation". Billboard. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  17. Hasty, Katie (April 21, 2008). "Madonna Leads Busy Billboard 200 With 7th No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  18. Caulfield, Keith (July 23, 2009). "Madonna's 'Celebration' Hits Collection To Feature Two New Songs". Billboard. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  19. "Madonna And Live Nation Confirm 3 Album Deal With Interscope Records". Madonna.com. December 15, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  20. Williams, John (August 16, 2013). "Madonna's best and worst moments". St. Thomas Times-Journal. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
  21. Lane, Dan (March 29, 2012). "Madonna's Top 40 most downloaded tracks revealed!". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  22. "Top Selling Artists". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  23. Release, Press (November 10, 1999). "The American Recording Industry Announces Its Artists of the Century". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  24. "RIAA: Top 100 Certified Albums". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  25. Kreisler, Lauren (April 1, 2012). "Madonna lands 12th Number 1 with MDNA and overtakes Elvis' career record". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "British album certifications – Madonna". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 27, 2009. Enter Madonna in the field Search. Select Artist in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Click Search
  27. 1 2 3 4 Peak chart positions for albums in Australia:
  28. 1 2 3 4 "Madonna discography". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry AustrianCharts.at at Hung Medien. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Peak chart positions for albums in Canada:
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 Peak chart positions for albums in France:
  31. 1 2 3 4 "Madonna discography". Media Control Charts Musicline.de at PhonoNet. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  32. 1 2 3 4 Peak chart positions for albums in Italy:
  33. 1 2 3 4 Peak chart positions for albums in Spain:
  34. 1 2 3 4 "Madonna discography". Swiss Music Charts HitParade.ch at Hung Medien. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  35. 1 2 3 4 "Madonna discography". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). Sydney: Australian Chart Book. p. 444. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "InfoDisc : Les Certifications (Albums) du SNEP (Bilan par Artiste) – Search for "Madonna"". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna)" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts: 1966–2006. Wellington: Dean Scapolo and Maurienne House. ISBN 978-1877443-00-8.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  41. "Madonna: a potted history". The Daily Telegraph (London). September 1, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  42. Cross 2007, p. 29
  43. 1 2 3 "Les Albums Platin" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  44. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2000 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Canadian album certifications – Madonna". Music Canada. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
  46. "Awards 1995: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  47. Reporter, Daily (August 15, 2008). "Contrasting fortunes as Madonna and Jacko turn 50". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  48. Holloway, Lynette (March 31, 2003). "Madonna, Institution and Rebel, But Not Quite the Diva of Old She Once Was". The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  49. 1 2 3 "Les Albums Double Platin" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  50. 1 2 Gamboa, Glenn (June 13, 2004). "A medley of Madonna makeovers". Newsday (Cablevision). Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  51. 1 2 "Les Albums Diamant". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  52. "'True Blue' di Madonna compie 25 anni". Lifestyle magazine. June 30, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  53. 1 2 Jones, Alan (October 27, 2014). "Official Charts Analysis: Trainor matches Clean Bandit for longest-running No.1 single of 2014". Music Week. Retrieved October 27, 2014. (subscription required (help)).
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Austrian certifications – Madonna" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved December 15, 2015. Enter Madonna in the field Interpret. Click Suchen
  55. "Awards 1989: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  56. "Chiesa: Da Madonna A Dan Brown, Vaticano Sotto I Colpi Dello Show-Business". Adnkronos (in Italian) (Giuseppe Marra Communications). August 2, 2006. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  57. 1 2 3 4 "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2001 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  58. "Awards 1992: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  59. Erotica WW sales:
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Grein, Paul (August 18, 2010). "Week Ending Aug. 15, 2010: The Odd Couple". Yahoo!. p. 2. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  61. "The Gringos Are Coming!". Billboard 106 (48): 73. November 26, 1994. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  62. Kent, David (2006). Australian Chart Book (1993–2005). Turramurra, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book, 2006. ISBN 0-646-45889-2.
  63. "Platinum Certifications Europe 1998". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  64. "Awards 1994: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  65. Bedtime Stories WW sales:
  66. 1 2 3 "Les Albums Double Or" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  67. "Platinum Certifications Europe 2002". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  68. 1 2 "Awards 2000: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  69. "Les Albums Triple Platine" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  70. "MADONNA: NEL NUOVO VIDEO INSEGUITA DAI PAPARAZZI COME LADY D" (in Italian). Adnkronos. July 28, 1998. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  71. 1 2 "Platinum Certifications Europe 2001". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  72. Hastings, Chris (August 28, 2005). "Madonna uses secret nightclub 'focus groups' to pick songs for new album". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  73. 1 2 3 4 "Les Albums les plus Vendus de la Décennie (2000-2009)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  74. 1 2 "Gilmour Dethrones Bailey Rae". Music Week. London. May 9, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  75. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2003 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  76. "Platinum Certifications Europe 2003". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  77. "Awards 2003: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  78. American Life WW sales:
  79. 1 2 Trust, Garry (October 20, 2012). "Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition". Billboard. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  80. Cardew, Ben (June 5, 2008). "Coldplay still top in static top three". Music Week. London. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  81. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  82. "Platinum Certifications Europe 2006". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  83. "Top 50 Albumes 2005" (PDF) (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  84. "Awards 2006: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  85. DeRogatis, Jim (April 25, 2008). "Madonna, "Hard Candy" (Warner Bros.) [3.5 STARS]". Chicago Sun-Times (John Barron). Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  86. Grein, Paul (August 9, 2010). "Chart Watch Extra: Elton's 40th Anniversary". Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  87. Myers, Justin (November 19, 2015). "Happy Birthday Hung Up! We reveal the numbers on Madonna's disco chart-topper". Official Charts Company. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  88. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2008 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  89. "Platinum Certifications Europe 2008". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  90. "Top 50 Albumes 2008" (PDF) (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  91. "Awards 2008: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  92. McKinley, James C. (December 23, 2011). "Spaniard Is Arrested In Leak of Madonna Single". The New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  93. "The Nielsen Company 2008 Canadian Music Industry Report". Reuters. January 7, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  94. 1 2 "Quels sont les flops musicaux de 2015 ?" (in French). Pure charts in France. December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  95. "Key Releases: September 26, 2009". Music Week. September 26, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  96. "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2012 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. April 2, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  97. "Annee 2012 - Certifications Au 31/10/2012" (PDF). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. October 31, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  98. 1 2 "Italian album certifications – Madonna" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved March 25, 2015. Select Album e Compilation in the field Sezione. Enter Madonna in the field Filtra. The certification will load automatically
  99. "Top 100 Álbumes 13/2012" (PDF). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  100. "Madonna Joins Forces With Avicii". MTV News. Viacom. February 23, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  101. Grigoriadis, Vanessa (February 13, 2015). "Madonna Talks 'Fifty Shades of Grey' ('Not Very Sexy'), the Pope and Why the 'Word Police Can F--- Off'". Billboard. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
  102. "Madonna avec "MDNA"" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique according to PureCharts.fr. December 27, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  103. Jones, Alan (March 16, 2015). "Official Charts Analysis: Sam Smith returns to top Singles and Albums Charts". Music Week. Retrieved March 16, 2015. (subscription required (help)).
  104. "French album certifications – Madonna" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  105. Ochoa de Olano, Iciar (March 30, 2016). "La caída en barrena de Madonna" (in Spanish). El Norte de Castilla. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
  106. Jones, Alan (June 22, 2015). "Official Charts Analysis: Muse's Drones hover at No.1 for second week". Music Week. Retrieved June 22, 2015. (subscription required (help)).
  107. 1 2 Taraborrelli 2002, p. 145
  108. Gettleman, Patty (July 14, 1989). "From Projector To Platter, Movie Soundtracks Are Now Pop Music Staples". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  109. 1 2 "Awards 1990: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  110. "Madonna Biography". Contactmusic.com. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  111. Grein, Paul (September 2, 2010). "Week Ending Aug. 29, 2010: Life's Ups & Downs". Yahoo!. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 6, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
  112. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1997 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  113. "Awards 1997: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  114. Clerk 2008, p. 142
  115. 1 2 Grein, Paul (July 23, 2010). "Chart Watch Extra: Gaga's Nice Round Number". Yahoo!. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  116. "Madonna.com > Discography > You can dance". Icon: Official Madonna website. Madonna.com. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  117. Goldstein, Patrick (January 5, 1990). "'Remix Magic' Bobby Brown's new best-seller is really his old best-seller". St. Louis Post-Despatch. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  118. "ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
  119. Gundersen, Edna (August 17, 2008). "Pop icons at 50: Madonna". USA Today. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  120. Dale, David (January 13, 2013). "The music Australia loved". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  121. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1999 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  122. "Platinum Certifications Europe 1997". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  123. "Awards 1998: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  124. "Awards 2001: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  125. Arthington, Mirra (October 7, 2007). "Warner finds solace in farewell CD". Music Week (London) 32 (9): 21. ISSN 0265-1548.
  126. Caulfield, Keith (August 16, 2005). "Ask Billboard: Virginity or Prayers?". Billboard. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
  127. "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2009 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
  128. "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – Q4 2009". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  129. "Certificazioni Album e Compilation – week 44" (PDF). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  130. "Promusicae Top 100 Albums" (PDF). Productores de Música de España. May 12, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
  131. "Awards 2014: Neu hinzufügen" (in Swiss). Swiss Music Charts. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  132. Jones, Alan (March 4, 2010). "London rules the charts". Music Week. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  133. "Les Albums Or" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  134. "New entries make a splash on albums chart". Music Week. February 4, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  135. Live Nation (October 16, 2007). "Madonna Joins Forces With Live Nation in Revolutionary Global Music Partnership" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  136. "Les DVD les plus Vendus en 2007" (in French). Syndicat National de l'édition Phonographique. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  137. Grein, Paul (December 8, 2010). "Week Ending Dec. 5, 2010: The "Gift" That Keeps On Giving". Yahoo!. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  138. "Les Albums les plus Vendus en 2010" (in French). Syndicat National de l'édition Phonographique. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  139. "Boyzone and Scouting For Girls top Easter charts". Music Week. April 6, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  140. Total sales for MDNA World Tour in US:
  141. Jones, Alan (September 16, 2013). "Official Charts Analysis: Arctic Monkeys' AM doubles predecessor's week-one sales". Music Week. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
  142. Spahr, Wolfgang (December 26, 1998). "German Biz Grumbles About '98". Billboard 110 (52): 56–61. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  143. Bronson, Fred (April 5, 2008). "Chart Beat Chat: 'Apologize,' Mary Mary, Double-Disc Albums". Billboard. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
  144. Grein, Paul (September 15, 2011). "Chart Watch Extra: All The Greatest Hits". Yahoo!. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  145. Trust, Gary (August 14, 2009). "Ask Billboard: Madonna vs. Whitney: Who's Sold More?". Billboard. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  146. "Madonna – Remixed & Revisited (Album)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
  147. Caulfield, Keith (September 3, 2011). "Madonna Fans Rejoice: New Album Due in Spring 2012". Billboard. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
  148. Barry David (February 18, 2003). "Shania, Backstreet, Britney, Eminem and Janet Top All-Time Sellers". Music Industry News Network. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
  149. Madonna Mix (Media notes). Madonna. Sire Records, Warner-Pioneer Japan. 1984. P-6026.
  150. Taraborrelli 2002, p. 200
  151. Madonna Mix (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. Records, WEA Records. 1985. 3.097(Venezuela, 23(1031)00014 (Ecuador), LP-80087 (Colombia).
  152. You Can Dance: Madonna Mix 2 (Media notes). Madonna. Sire Records, WEA Records. 1987. Warner-3205, 25535.
  153. Super Club Mix: True Blue (Media notes). Madonna. Sire Records, Warner-Pioneer Japan. 1986. P-3439.
  154. La Isla Bonita: Super Mix (Media notes). Madonna. Sire Records, Warner-Pioneer Japan. 1987. P-3440.
  155. 1 2 3 Morton 2002, p. 320
  156. Vogue EP (Media notes). Madonna. Sire Records, WEA Japan. 1990. P-3698.
  157. ボーグEP (in Japanese). Oricon. September 25, 1990. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  158. Deeper and Deeper EP (Media notes). Madonna. Maverick, Sire, Warner Music Japan. 1993. WPCP-5244, 9362-45288-2.
  159. Rain EP (Media notes). Madonna. Maverick, Sire, Warner Music Japan. 1993. WPCP-5644.
  160. レイン・EP (in Japanese). Oricon. October 25, 1993. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  161. The Girlie Show (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music Brazil. 1993. CDP0893.
  162. "Rebel Heart: Limited Super Deluxe Edition". Germany: Amazon.com. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  163. "Rebel Heart – EP by Madonna". iTunes Store. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  164. リミックス・プレイヤーズ (in Japanese). Oricon. August 25, 1989. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
  165. "Madonna – Confessions Remixed". Amazon.com. April 11, 2006. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  166. True Blue/Like a Prayer (Media notes). Madonna. WEA Records Pty Limited. 1990. 7599-26407-4.
  167. The Royal Box (Media notes). Madonna. Sire/Warner Bros. Records. 1991. 7599-26464-2/4.
  168. CD Single Collection (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music Japan. 1996. WPDR-3100-3139.
  169. The Immaculate Collection/You Can Dance (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music France. 1999. 9362-47594-2.
  170. "Top 50 Albums – October 10, 1999". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  171. 3 for One (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music Australia. 2000. 9362-55830-2.
  172. Like a Virgin/Madonna (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music France. 2000. 9362-47935-2.
  173. You Can Dance/Erotica (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music France. 2000. 9362-47936-2.
  174. The Immaculate Collection/Something to Remember (Media notes). Madonna. WEA Records, Warner Music Australia. 2001. 9362-47839-2.
  175. True Blue/Like a Virgin (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music France/Warner Strategic Marketing. 2002. 9362-48392-2.
  176. 2 CD Hit Collection (Media notes). Warner Music Germany. 2002. 2202940049349.
  177. The Best of I + II (Media notes). Warner Music Germany. 2002. 4019109100128.
  178. American Life: Special Limited Edition (Media notes). Madonna. Maverick/Warner Bros. Records. 2003. 9362-48440-2.
  179. Edition Speciale: American Life + Remixed & Revisited (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music France. 2003. 9362-48673-2.
  180. American Life/Music (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Strategic Marketing, Warner Music France. 2005. 9362-49426-2.
  181. American Life/Music/Ray of Light (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Strategic Marketing, Warner Music France. 2005. 9362-49430-2.
  182. Confessions on a Dance Floor: Special Edition Book Box Set (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. Records. 2005. 9362-49464.
  183. The Complete Collection (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Music UK. 2006. PRO-CD-CONFESS.
  184. Hard Candy: Limited Collector's Edition Candy Box (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. Records. 2008. 9362-59786.
  185. Varin, Corein (September 3, 2008). "Madonna: Dalle Origini Al Mito". Corriere Della Sera. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
  186. Original Album Series (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. Records. 2012. 8122-79740-5.
  187. The Complete Studio Albums (1983–2008) (Media notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. Records. 2012. 8122-79740-4.
  188. "Official Charts Analysis: Madonna sells 56k albums". Music Week. April 2, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
  189. La Sélection Ideale: Madonna (Media notes). Madonna. Rhino, Warner Music France. 2012. 8122-79725-5.
  190. Confessions on a Dance Floor/Like a Virgin (Media notes). Madonna. WEA Music, Warner Music France. 2012. 8122-79652-7.

Sources

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, May 06, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.