Madras Day

Chennai historian S. Muthiah delivering a lecture on The Story of Photography in Madras at the Press Institute of India as a part of Madras Day 2015 celebrations

Madras Day is a festival organized to commemorate the founding of the city of Madras (now Chennai) in Tamil Nadu, India. It is celebrated on 22 August every year, 22 August 1639 being the widely agreed date for the purchase of the village of Madraspatnam or Chennapatnam by East India Company factors Andrew Cogan and Francis Day from Damerla Venkatapathy, the viceroy of the Vijayanagar Empire.

The idea of a Madras Day was first suggested by Chennai-based journalist Vincent D'Souza to historian S. Muthiah during a meeting of the trustees of the Chennai Heritage foundation in 2004. Since then, Madras Day celebrations have been held every year without fail, its highlights being exhibitions, lectures, film screenings and quizzes. The Madras Day festival has registered a steady increase in popularity year after year. The 2015 and 2016 editions have lasted through August and extended into September as well, prompting demands to rename Madras Day as Madras Week or even, Madras Month.[1]

There has been a contention that the deed of purchase was actually dated 22 July 1639 and not the 22nd of August. The motive of the celebrations have also been criticized by academicians and state government organizations who feel that it gives undue importance to colonial heritage.

Background

The modern history of the city dates back to 1639 when Francis Day of the British East India Company bought a small strip of land on the Coromandel Coast from the Vijayanagara King, Peda Venkata Raya in Chandragiri. The region was ruled by Damerla Venkatapathy, the Nayak of Vandavasi.[2] He granted the British permission to build a factory and warehouse for their trading enterprises. A year later, the British built Fort St George, which became the nucleus of the growing colonial city.[2]

It was on 22 August 1639 that a sliver of land, where now stands Fort St George, was handed over by the local Nayak rulers to the East India Company’s Francis Day, his dubash Beri Thimmappa, and their superior, Andrew Cogan. From this small three square miles given to the East India Company grew the city of Madras where more than four and a half million people live now.[3] As years passed by out of the fort grew settlements and the villages around it were brought together with the old and new towns linked up and hence birth of a city.[4][5]

History of Madras Day

The first recorded celebration of the founding of Madras was its tercentenary commemoration in 1939. Unlike later anniversaries, the celebrations were officially sponsored by the British government and a special tercentenary commemoration volume was issued with essays on the different aspects of Madras city authored by leading experts of the time.[6][7]An exhibition of pictures, portraits, maps, records and coins was inaugurated by Diwan Bahadur S. E. Runganadhan, the Vice-Chancellor of the Madras University and a short play writing competition was organized.[6][8]

The 350th anniversary in 1989 was celebrated with the opening of a commemorative monument titled "Madras 350" built in the Classical Style by builder Frankpet Fernandez at the junction of the Poonamallee High Road and the New Avadi Road.[9]Other major events included the commissioning of a book by S. Muthiah titled Madras — The Gracious City by the Murugappa Group which also organized the first Madras Quiz which has continued to the present day.[9]

The idea to celebrate the birth of the city every year was born when journalists Shashi Nair and Vincent D'Souza met S. Muthiah at his residence for coffee.[3] It was based on the success of another event called Mylapore Festival which D'Souza had been organising every year in January. It was decided by the trio to start celebrating Madras Day from 2004.[3] According to them, "primary motive of celebrating `Madras Day' was to focus on the city, its past and its present."[10] The idea initially started off with about five events in 2004 but grew gradually. The second edition in 2005 had events throughout the week. In 2008, there were a total of 60 events conducted.[3]In 2007, a commemorative postal cover was released by Chief Postmaster-General of Tamil Nadu Circle at a function at Fort St George as a part of the Madras Day celebrations, thereby inaugurating a tradition that continued through the later editions.[11]The 2010 celebrations lasted beyond a week and extended well into the following week as well.

The 375th Madras Day was celebrated with more than a hundred events that lasted from 10 August to 14 September 2014.[1] However, despite expectations to the contrary, Tamil Nadu government departments did not participated in the celebrations which they felt promoted "colonial heritage".[1]The celebrations were deemed a roaring success and the events got nationwide coverage for the first time.[12][13]The Madras Song was composed to commemorate the occasion and a website launched by The Hindu titled friendsofchennai.com for residents of the city to create online petitions voicing their civic grievances.[14][15]Historian and entrepreneur V. Sriram also designed a mobile app named Chennai Past Forward for users to keep in track with the heritage of the city.

The 376th Madras Day celebrations were bigger with events being held even in suburbs like Tambaram.[16]Apart from heritage walks, the 2015 edition also included a walk of the L. V. Prasad film studios.[17]The focus was, however, on restoration of the Coovum River and a presentation on the history and heritage of the Coovum River was held at the Madras Literary Society by author Anusha Venkatesh on 15 August.[18][19][20]The Cycling Yogis, a Chennai cyclists' group, conducted a 72 km bicycle ride along with the Coovum River on 16 August 2015.[21]

The Celebration

Madras Day focuses on the city, its history, its past and its present and the core team motivates communities, groups, companies and campuses in the city to host events that celebrate the city.[4] The celebration consists of events such as heritage walks,[22] public talks, exhibitions, poetry reading sessions, public performances, food festivals and special programs on local radio.[4] It also includes contests such as, T-shirt designing, documentary film contest, multimedia presentation for schools and quiz in both Tamil and English.[4] T-shirts to mark the event are also released.[23] The talks delivered to mark the week-long celebrations usually involve lectures explaining the heritage and history of the city.[24] There are also events for the retired citizens where they can post their life years ago on the "Stories about Madras section" on Madras day's website and their views on how Madras grew into the Chennai of today.[25][26]

The programmes for Madras Day 2015 included:

An unique design T-shirt, selected through open competition, is sold by Mylapore Times every year during Madras Week.[27][28]

Murugappa Madras Quiz and Madras Quotient Quiz

The Madras Day celebrations and all the bash culminates each year with the Madras Quiz, separately in Tamil and English. This is facilitated by the Mylapore Times.

Many quiz enthusiasts come for the same. The quiz is quite competitive in terms of content.

The 2009 edition of the Madras Quiz in English was conducted by the Indian Quizzing League.

Criticism and controversies

Controversies regarding the date

There had been a controversy regarding the exact day when Madras was handed over to the British East India Company's Francis Day and Andrew Cogan between the dates 22 July and 22 August. The controversy arose since the agreement documents dates the records to 22 July 1639 rather than 22 August of that year. It is often stated that since Francis Day and Andrew Cogan did not arrive to the Madras coast until 27 July 1639. The evidence comes from writings of Henry Davison Love, whose monumental three-volume history of Madras from 1640-1800 is a prime reference source for Madras’s early history, which states that "The Naik’s grant, erroneously styled a farman, which was probably drafted by Day, was delivered to Andrew Cogan at Masulipatam on September 3, 1639... Three copies are extant ... all of which are endorsed by Cogan. Only the last bears a date, 22 July 1639, where July is probably a slip for August, since Day did not reach Madras until 27 July".[29]

Accusations of celebrating colonial heritage

Madras Day is regarded by a few academics as a celebration of the city's colonial past. According to Dr. G. Ravindran, Professor and Head of the Department of Journalism and Communication at the Madras University

We are the victims of the colonial era. We closely link with the British Raj. There is nothing wrong in celebrating but it is real only by the buildings of the British[30]

The Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC), a government-owned corporation distanced itself from the 375th Madras Day celebrations in 2014, explaining that the organization has no intentions of promoting colonial heritage and its prime focus was the Dravidian heritage of the city.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Madras Day celebrations begin, govt won't join in". Times of India. 14 August 2014.
  2. 1 2 Chennai district Profile
  3. 1 2 3 4 First city of modern India Sify news
  4. 1 2 3 4 Madras day website
  5. ↑ And the city grew The Hindu
  6. 1 2 "Madras 300 years old". Canberra Times. 22 February 1939.
  7. ↑ "A city well served by historians". The Hindu. 26 August 2004.
  8. ↑ "Madras 300 years old". Canberra Times. 27 September 1939.
  9. 1 2 "The man who built 'Madras 350'". The Hindu. 11 July 2011.
  10. ↑ `Madras Day' bash ahead The Hindu
  11. ↑ "Special postal cover to mark Madras Day". The Hindu. 22 August 2007.
  12. ↑ Doctor, Geeta (1 September 2014). "What does Madras bleed for".
  13. ↑ Stalin, Sam Daniel (19 August 2014). "Chennai gets ready for its 375th birthday".
  14. ↑ "Celebrating Chennai at 375 with the Madras Song". The Hindu Business Line. 18 August 2014.
  15. ↑ "A birthday gift for Chennai's 375th". The Hindu. 23 August 2014.
  16. ↑ "Chennai's 376th birthday bash to be bigger and better". The Hindu. 16 June 2015.
  17. ↑ "Chennai 376". The New Indian Express Indulge. 14 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "Live chat:Madras Day - Celebrating Coovum". The Hindu. 22 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Thus spake Coovum". The Hindu. 16 August 2015.
  20. ↑ Kannan, Ramya (17 August 2015). "Madras Week: On Coovum". The Hindu.
  21. ↑ "Discovering the Coovum". The Hindu. 24 August 2015.
  22. ↑ Celebrating the good old Madras The Hindu
  23. ↑ Citizens celebrate 368th birthday of Chennai The Hindu
  24. ↑ Madras Day at the Masonic Lodge The Hindu
  25. ↑ Let's celebrate Madras Day The Hindu
  26. ↑ Subramanian, Karthik (15 August 2006). "Madras Day bash ahead". The Hindu.
  27. ↑ "Designing a T-shirt that reflects the spirit of Chennai". The Hindu. 28 July 2006.
  28. ↑ Around the City The Hindu
  29. ↑ When was Founding Day?
  30. ↑ "Chennai celebrates 376th birthday". Deccan Chronicle. 22 August 2015.

External links

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