Massachusetts Governor's Council

Massachusetts Governor's Council
District	Councillor
First	Joseph C. Ferreira (D)
Second	Robert L. Jubinville (D)
Third	Marilyn M. Petitto Devaney (D)
Fourth	Christopher A. Iannella, Jr. (D)
Fifth	Eileen R. Duff (D)
Sixth	Terrence Kennedy (D)
Seventh	Jennie Caissie (R)
Eighth	Michael J. Albano (D)
Source: Massachusetts Government web site[1]

The Massachusetts Governor's Council (also known as the Executive Council) is a governmental body that provides advice and consent in certain matters – such as judicial nominations, pardons, and commutations – to the Governor of Massachusetts. Councillors are elected by the general public and their duties are set forth in the Massachusetts Constitution.

Historical precursors

The Massachusetts Bay Colony received its first royal charter in 1629, with the founding of Boston following the arrival in 1630 of Governor John Winthrop and a fleet of principally Puritan settlers. The colony's governance was based on this charter, which included the establishment of a "council of assistants". The assistants were a body of magistrates who not only decided judicial cases, but also played a role in the colony's lawmaking. The assistants were elected by the colony's freemen.

After the colony's original charter was revoked in 1684, there was the short-lived Dominion of New England (1686-1689), which was succeeded in the territories of modern Massachusetts and Maine by the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The charter for the province called for "eight and twenty assistants, or counsellors, to be advising and assisting to the governor" who were to be chosen annually by the Great and General Court.^[2] It further specified that the council was to assume the duties of the governor in the absence of both the royal governor and lieutenant governor (who were appointed by the crown), and enumerated some of the specific issues on which the council was to advise the governor. During the provincial period, the relationship between the governor and council was sometimes difficult, since the council represented colonial interests which diverged from the crown interests of the governor.

Composition

Massachusetts Governor's Councillors Districts, 2012^[3]

The Council is composed of eight councilors and the governor or lieutenant governor, who presides over the Council. The Massachusetts Constitution specifies that "the governor, and in his absence the lieutenant governor, shall be president of the council, but shall have no vote in council: and the lieutenant governor shall always be a member of the council except when the chair of the governor shall be vacant."^[4]

The eight councilors are elected every two years, one each from eight councillor districts.^[5] The Governor's Council districts are specially composed. Each district consists of the entirety of five contiguous Massachusetts Senate districts.

There are provisions in the Massachusetts Constitution for filling unexpected vacancies. If a seat on the Council becomes vacant, the General Court may, by concurrent vote, select some person from the relevant councillor district to fill the opening.^[6] If the General Court is not in session, the Governor may select the new councillor, with the advice and consent of the existing Council.

Duties

The Council generally meets at noon on Wednesdays in its State House Chamber, next to the Governor's Office. Pursuant to the Massachusetts Constitution, the Governor may, in general and at his discretion, from time to time assemble the Council for the ordering and directing the affairs of the commonwealth.^[7] In addition, the Governor must seek the advice and consent of the Council with respect to nominations of judicial officers,^[8] appointment and removal of notaries public and justices of the peace,^[9] issuance of pardons and commutations,^[10] and payment of monies from the treasury.^[11]

Annual compensation in 2008 was $26,025.^[12]

The outside conduct of some councillors has drawn public scrutiny in recent years. Felony assault charges were dismissed in July 2008 against one councilor, Marilyn Devaney.^[13] In the 2008 election, councillor Kelly A. Timilty falsified the endorsement of the governor and later was fined.^[14] The 2008 election generated higher than usual interest in Council seats,^[12] but all of the incumbents were reelected.^[15]

Role in gubernatorial succession

Originally, the Massachusetts Constitution placed the Governor's Council in the line of executive succession. If the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor were both vacant, the Council would act as chief executive.^[16] During the colonial period this occurred three times. Following statehood, it occurred only once. After the death of Governor Increase Sumner in 1799, Lieutenant Governor Moses Gill became Acting Governor, and following his death in 1800 the council chaired by Thomas Dawes succeeded to the governorship.

The constitutional line of succession was amended in 1918 to remove the Council and insert the "secretary, attorney-general, treasurer and receiver-general, and auditor," in that order.^[17]

References

1. "Massachusetts Governor's Council". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
2. ''The Charters and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts''. Books.google.com. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
3. "Governor's Council District Map". Massachusetts State Legislature. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
4. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 2, art. 2". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
5. Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, arts. 1 & 2, as amended by art. XIV.
6. Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, art. 7, as amended by art. XXV.
7. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 4". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
8. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 9, as amended". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
9. Massachusetts Constitution, Articles of Amendment, Arts. IV & XXXVII.
10. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 8, as amended by art. LXXIII". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
11. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 11, as amended". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
12. Preer, Robert (September 7, 2008). "Few free rides for Governor's Council seats". Boston Globe. p. 1.
13. Pazzanese, Christina (August 1, 2008). "Governor's councilor apologizes; felony assault charges dismissed; No admission to hitting clerk". Boston Globe. p. B2.
14. Viser, Matt (November 25, 2008). "Falsified endorsement costs politician $8,000". Boston Globe. p. B1.
15. "Massachusetts Secretary of State, 2008 Return of Votes, at 3-4. (last visited January 3, 2009)" (PDF). Retrieved July 26, 2012.
16. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, art. VI". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
17. "Massachusetts Constitution, Articles of Amendment art. LV". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.

External links

• Official site