William Claflin

William Claflin

Portrait by Brady-Handy studio, 1870s
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 8th district
In office
March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881
Preceded by William W. Warren
Succeeded by John W. Candler
27th Governor of Massachusetts
In office
January 7, 1869 – January 4, 1872
Lieutenant Joseph Tucker
Preceded by Alexander H. Bullock
Succeeded by William B. Washburn
27th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
In office
January 4, 1866 – January 7, 1869
Governor Alexander H. Bullock
Preceded by Joel Hayden
Succeeded by Joseph Tucker
4th Chairman of the Republican National Committee
In office
1868–1872
Preceded by Marcus L. Ward
Succeeded by Edwin D. Morgan
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
In office
1849-1853
Personal details
Born (1818-03-06)March 6, 1818
Milford, Massachusetts
Died January 5, 1905(1905-01-05) (aged 86)
Newton, Massachusetts
Political party Free Soil
Republican
Religion Methodist

William Claflin (March 6, 1818 – January 5, 1905) was an American politician, industrialist and philanthropist from Massachusetts. He served as the 27th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1869–1872 and as a member of the United States Congress from 1877–1881. He also notably served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1868 to 1872, serving as a moderating force between Radical and moderate wings of the Republican Party. His name is given to Claflin University in South Carolina, a historically black college founded with funding from him and his father.

Early years and business

William Claflin was born on March 6, 1818 in Milford, Massachusetts, to Lee and Sarah (Adams) Claflin.[1] Lee Claflin was a self-made proprietor of a tannery and shoe factory in Milford, and a politically active abolitionist. William was educated first in the local schools and then at Milford Academy, before he enrolled in Brown University in 1833. His mother died in 1834 and his health was poor, so he left school and entered his father's business. After three years, with his health not improving, he traveled to St. Louis, Missouri, where from 1838 to 1844 he worked in the wholesale leather goods business. He then returned to Massachusetts, where he rejoined the family business and settled in Hopkinton.[2]

Claflin's father had begun his shoe manufacturing in partnership with Nathan Parker Coburn, and William continued that partnership.[3] They expanded the business Lee Claflin founded, eventually building one of New England's largest boot factories in South Framingham in 1882.[4] Claflin and Coburn would remain in active partnership until 1878, when Claflin withdrew from active participation, and their partnership was finally dissolved at the end of 1891 with Coburn's retirement.[2][5] The company assets, including plants in Framingham, Hopkinton, and Milford, were then taken over by younger partners.[6]

Politics

Claflin followed his father in both religion and politics, opposing the expansion of slavery and promoting other social reforms.[7] He was a member of the "Bird Club", a political organization formed by businessman Francis W. Bird, whose members dominated much of the politics of the state between the 1850s and 1870s. Its members were predominantly wealthy businessmen who favored abolition and engaged in philanthropic social reforms.[8] In 1848 Claflin helped found the Free Soil Party in Massachusetts, under whose banner he won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives that year. He served from 1849 to 1853,[9] when the Know Nothings (who he refused to join) swept away the old parties.[10][11] He became active in 1854 and 1855 in the founding of the state Republican Party, and served as its state chairman for a number of years. He was elected to the state senate in 1859 as a Republican, and became Senate President in 1861.[9] He developed a close political association and friendship with fellow Free Soiler and Republican Henry Wilson.[12]

In 1866 Claflin was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Alexander Hamilton Bullock, winning reelection on the same ticket two times.[13] He was elected governor in 1868, and served three terms in that office, defeating John Quincy Adams II each time.[14]

While governor, Claflin promoted women's suffrage and extended women greater rights under the law, especially in areas such as divorce and contract law.[15] He advocated prison reform, creating a Board of Prison Commissioners,[14] and established the state's first board of public health. Claflin also created the Massachusetts Indian Commission with social activists Wendell Phillips and Helen Hunt Jackson. In a bid to retain labor support threatened by the nascent Labor Reform Party, the Republican legislature created a bureau of labor statistics, the first such body in the nation.[16]

Claflin opposed state funding support for the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad, vetoing a loan for that railroad, while the state was otherwise lending financial support to the construction of the Hoosac Tunnel.[17] The veto was a politically costly move, which, combined with the loss of labor votes to the Labor Reform Party, resulted in the lowest margin of victory for a Republican to date in governor's races in the 1870 election. As a result of this poor showing, Claflin was perceived as a weak candidate for reelection, and refused to stand in 1871; he also did not attend the state nominating convention. The Republican nomination went to the eventual election victor, William B. Washburn. Washburn's election signalled an end to the influence of the Bird Club as a unifying force in state Republican politics.[18]

During and after his tenure as governor he remained active at high levels of party politics, serving on the national executive committee of the Republican Party in 1864. In that role he was a critical mediating force between radical and conservative factions of the party that were divided over how to approach Reconstruction. In 1868 he was elected chairman of the national party. He reluctantly promoted Ulysses S. Grant for president in 1868 and 1872, and resigned as Republican chairman in 1872.

Along with his father, Claflin donated funds to purchase land for Claflin University, the historically black, Methodist university in South Carolina. The university was founded in 1869, and was named in his father's honor. Claflin was also a significant supporter of higher education for women, signing charters for Wellesley College and Mount Holyoke College, both women's colleges, while governor. He sat on the boards of trustees at some point for many of these schools, as well as Wesleyan University (which his father also helped found) and Harvard University, both of which gave him honorary degrees.[13]

Later years

Claflin returned to business and supported philanthropic activities after leaving Congress. He died on January 5, 1905 at his home in Newton, and was buried in Newton Cemetery.[19] He had married twice. His first marriage was in 1839 to Nancy (Warren) Harding of Milford, with whom he had a daughter before she died in 1842. The second, in 1845, was to Mary Bucklin of Hopkinton, with whom he had five children, only two of whom survived him.[20] His son Adams Claflin played a major role in the provision of streetcar service to Newton.

Claflin was a major force in the development of the village of Newtonville in Newton, Massachusetts. In 1854 he purchased a farm that had once been owned by two governors: Simon Bradstreet (a 17th-century governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony), and William Hull, governor of the Michigan Territory.[21] Claflin moved Hull's mansion to one side of the property and built a new one on the old foundation. He subdivided portions of the estate for development, and was responsible for the construction of the Claflin Block in Newtonville, as well as the Claflin School. After his death local citizens purchased the rest of Claflin's estate and gave it to the town. The site is now the location of Newton North High School, whose athletic facilities are known as Claflin Field.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hurd, p. 163
  2. 1 2 Ensign, p. 112
  3. ↑ Hurd, pp. 671, 801
  4. ↑ Hurd, p. 671
  5. ↑ Davis, p. 293
  6. ↑ Annual Report on the Statistics of Manufactures, p. 306
  7. ↑ Ensign, pp. 112–113
  8. ↑ Mohr, p. 3
  9. 1 2 Ensign, p. 113
  10. ↑ Toomey & Quinn, p. 36
  11. ↑ Mulkern, pp. 75-76
  12. ↑ Myers, p. 12
  13. 1 2 Ensign, p. 114
  14. 1 2 Hart, p. 4:595
  15. ↑ Mohr, p. 6
  16. ↑ Baum, pp. 146-147
  17. ↑ Mohr, pp. 10-11
  18. ↑ Baum, pp. 155-163
  19. ↑ Hurd, p. 116
  20. ↑ Hurd, p. 113
  21. ↑ Ensign, p. 115

References

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Joel Hayden		 Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
1866–1869 		Succeeded by
Joseph Tucker
Preceded by
Alexander H. Bullock		 Governor of Massachusetts
January 7, 1869 – January 4, 1872 		Succeeded by
William B. Washburn
Party political offices
Preceded by
Marcus L. Ward		 Chairman of the Republican National Committee
1868-1872 		Succeeded by
Edwin D. Morgan
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
William W. Warren		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 8th congressional district
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 		Succeeded by
John W. Candler
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