Meatless Monday

Meatless Monday is an international campaign that encourages people to not eat meat on Mondays to improve their health and the health of the planet.

Meatless Monday is a non-profit initiative of The Monday Campaigns Inc. in association with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for a Livable Future. Meatless Monday was founded in 2003 by marketing professional Sid Lerner. The program follows the nutrition guidelines developed by the USDA.^[1] Meatless Monday is part of the Healthy Monday initiative.^[2] Healthy Monday encourages Americans to make healthier decisions at the start of every week. Other Healthy Monday campaigns include: The Kids Cook Monday, Monday 2000, Quit and Stay Quit Monday, Move it Monday, The Monday Mile, and others.

Meatless Monday focuses its initiative on Mondays for multiple reasons. Friday is traditionally already a meat-free day among Catholics and Orthodox. Monday is typically the beginning of the work week, the day when individuals settle back into their weekly routine. Habits that prevailed over the weekend can be forgotten and replaced by other choices.^[3] A weekly reminder to restart healthy habits also encourages success. A 2009 trial published in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine provided individuals with weekly health prompts and encouragement. Approximately two thirds of participants responded with improvements in their overall health, eating habits and physical activity levels.^[4]

History

During World War I, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation calling for every Tuesday to be meatless and for one meatless meal to be observed every day, for a total of nine meatless meals each week.^[5] The United States Food Administration (USFA) urged families to reduce consumption of key staples to help the war effort and avoid rationing. Conserving food would support U.S. troops as well as feed populations in Europe where food production and distribution had been disrupted by war. To encourage voluntary rationing, the USFA created the slogan “Food Will Win the War” and coined the terms "Meatless Tuesday" and "Wheatless Wednesday” to remind Americans to reduce intake of those products.^[6]

Herbert Hoover was the head of the Food Administration as well as the American Relief Association during Woodrow Wilson's presidency, and played a key role implementing the campaign, which was one of Hoover’s many attempts to encourage volunteerism and sacrifice among Americans during the war. The USFA provided a wide variety of materials in addition to advertising, including recipe books and menus found in magazines, newspapers and government-sponsored pamphlets.^[7]

The campaign returned with the onset of World War II, calling upon women on the home front to play a role in supporting the war effort. During this time, meat was being rationed, along with other commodities like sugar and gasoline.^[8]

Meatless Monday was restarted in 2003 as a public health awareness program. The campaign was endorsed by the Center for a Livable Future (a division of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health) as well as over 20 public health schools. In April 2009, Meatless Monday launched an informational video noting the effects of meat consumption on climate change.

Meatless Monday is based in the United States, but meatless days (Monday in particular) are gaining popularity worldwide. Meat-free Mondays exist in the United Kingdom both as an advertising campaign for Goodlife Foods and as an environmental campaign.^[9] On June 15, 2009 Paul McCartney and his daughters Stella and Mary launched a Meat-free Monday campaign with an official website. In October 2009, Meatless Monday was launched in São Paulo with government support by the Brazilian Vegetarian Society.^[10] In December 2009, Meatless Mondays launched in Australia.^[11]

In May 2009, the city of Ghent, Belgium became the first city with 'official' weekly vegetarian days. Veggie Thursday (or "Donderdag Veggiedag” in Dutch) was created by the Ethical Vegetarian Alternative, an organization partially funded by the Flemish government.^[12] Israeli magazine Al Hashulchan (On the Table) introduced the Sheni Tzimchoni (Vegetarian Monday) initiative in June 2009. Dozens of Israel’s top restaurants will create innovative meatless meals on Mondays throughout July and August 2009.^[13] On April 6, 2010, San Francisco became the first US city to officially declare Mondays to be "meat free", calling it their Vegetarian Day. Several other countries have meat-free days as well, including Canada.^[14]

In March 2012, the Government of Croatia also supported the initiative, excluding meat from the menu of the Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection on Mondays.

Opposition

An attempt by the Greens in Brighton, UK, to initiate Meat-Free Mondays, thereby stopping the local council cafeteria selling any meat based foods, was halted after opposition from council workers.^[15]

Press timeline

• Woman's Day magazine has included Meatless Monday on their monthly recipe calendar since 2004. Each menu offers healthy meal options for four and includes a set weekly shopping list.^[16]
• From September 2008 to July 2009, Kim O’Donnel, a food journalist and trained cook, offered weekly Meatless Monday recipes in her Washington Post column “A Mighty Appetite”.^[17]
• The Face on Your Plate: The Truth About Food,^[18] written in March 2009 by Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson^[19] acknowledged Meatless Monday as a way to reduce meat consumption and improve overall health.
• Articles regarding Meatless Monday have been published by several authors in The Huffington Post since April 2009. Notable contributor Kathy Freston is author of several self-help & wellness books, including The Quantum Wellness Cleanse.^[20]
• In his book In Defense of Food, journalist Michael Pollan coined the phrase "Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants." He has since cited Meatless Monday as a way to reach this goal. So in April 2009 Pollan expressed the need for Americans to reduce meat consumption on The Oprah Winfrey Show: "even one meatless day a week—a Meatless Monday, which is what we do in our household—if everybody in America did that, that would be the equivalent of taking 20 million mid-size sedans off the road."^[21]
• Carole Carson, author and spokeswoman for AARP's “Fat 2 Fit” challenge, began offering Meatless Monday recipes to AARP’s online community in June 2009.^[22]
• In June 2009, the film Food, Inc. listed Meatless Monday as one of the 10 Things You Can Do To Change Our Food System.^[23]
• Also in June 2009 leading recipe site Epicurious teamed up with NutritionData.com to start offering weekly Meatless Monday recipes.^[24]
• In July 2009, The Huffington Post Green began a weekly Meatless Monday recipe column. The articles are written by nationally syndicated columnist Ellen Kanner, The Edgy Veggie.^[25]
• Baltimore City Public Schools began a system-wide Meatless Monday program in 2009. The initiative also includes health education and produce from local sources. BCPS's efforts were acknowledged by Johns Hopkins University in September 2009, when they were given the Center for a Livable Future Award.^[26][27]
• In December 2009, Al Gore formally endorsed the Meatless Monday campaign before EU Parliament. Gore now lists Meatless Monday as one of the Top 12 Things You Can Do Now for a better world on his Climate Crisis blog.^[28]
• Former Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer proposed that all New York City public schools switch to Meatless Monday in his Food NYC report on February 17, 2010.^[29] Several NYC schools have followed the recommendation.^[30]
• The San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a Meatless Monday resolution on April 6, 2010 to “encourage restaurants, schools and grocery stores to offer plant-based options”.^[31]
• On April 12, 2010, The Johns Hopkins Hospital launched Meatless Monday in their cafeteria.^[31]
• ABC Family's teen TV Series 10 Things I Hate About You aired an episode called "Meat is Murder" on April 19, 2010, where one of the lead characters, Kat, convinces her student council to launch Meatless Mondays in their high school cafeteria.^[32]
• Chef Mario Batali unveiled Meatless Monday menus in all 14 of his restaurants in April 2010. Each menu now includes two weekly features.^[33]
• The Washington Post reported on the international growth of the campaign on May 19, 2010. The article details the rising Meatless Monday movement and the meat industry’s reaction.^[34]
• Fox News' Sunday Housecall with Dr. Isadore Rosenfeld aired a segment featuring Meatless Monday on July 25, 2010. He stated that recent studies showed meat consumption can impede weight loss. Dr. Rosenfeld presents a Healthy Monday tip on his show each week.^[35]
• On August 9, 2010, NPR conducted an interview with Sid Lerner, the founder of the Meatless Monday campaign, about the growing public awareness and support.^[36]
• TIME magazine profiled six chefs that are creating flexitarian dishes in their August 23, 2010 issue. Included were Meatless Monday supporters Mario Batali, Wolfgang Puck and John Fraser.^[37]
• Andrew Freeman & Co. included Meatless Monday in their 2011 Trend List: 18 up-and-coming ideas that restaurateurs should be watching, noting that “Meatless Mondays and vegetable based tasting menus are gaining traction as guests realize it’s not all about the meat on the plate.”^[38]
• Institutional feeder Sodexo announced in January 2011 that it would be offering Meatless Monday materials to more than 900 hospitals in their network.^[39] This effort was expanded in April 2011 when Sodexo provided materials to more than 2000 corporate and government client locations in North America, including Toyota, Northern Trust Bank and the U.S. Department of the Interior.^[40]
• In February 2011 The Oprah Winfrey Show highlighted Meatless Monday in an episode on vegan living. Oprah declared that Meatless Monday options would be available in the Harpo Studios cafeteria. Oprah then asked her studio audience to take part in the campaign, saying “Meatless Monday is something you can do at home with your family if you choose”.^[41]
• A report by the American Meat Institute in February 2011 found that 18% of American households now participate in Meatless Mondays.^[42]
• In June 2011 Aspen, Colorado became the first official “Meatless Monday city” with over 20 local restaurants, Aspen Valley Hospital, Aspen Elementary School, The Aspen Club & Spa, and The University of Colorado School of Medicine participating.^[43][44]
• A tracking study conducted by FGI research found that, as of May 23, 2011, U.S. awareness of the Meatless Monday campaign had reached 50.22% (up from 30% 6 months previously). Of those aware of Meatless Monday, 27.47% said the campaign had influenced their decision to cut back on meat. In response Meatless Monday launched their “get the other half” initiative, aimed at encouraging participants to tell their friends and family about the movement.^[45]
• In November 2012, the City of Los Angeles declared all Mondays to be "Meatless Mondays," citing actions by the Baltimore City Public School System, Oakland Unified School District, along with other school districts in Arlington, VA, Oneida, NY and Longmont, CO, as well as the cities of San Francisco, Takoma Park, MD, and Annapolis, MD, Marin County, CA, and the Council of the District of Columbia.^[46][47]

See also

• Friday Fast
• Meat-free days
• Meat Atlas
• World Vegan Day
• World Vegetarian Day

References

1. "United States Department of Agriculture - Home". MyPyramid.gov. 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
2. "Healthy Monday". Healthy Monday. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
3. "The Science behind The Monday Campaigns". The Monday Campaigns. Health promotions at the beginning of the week have the potential to reduce negative health events. There’s a spike in heart problems, occupational injuries, strokes, suicides and referrals to secondary care on Monday, which researchers believe is caused by stress, unhealthy weekend behaviors and disruption of sleep cycles.
4. Colliver, Victoria (2009-05-19). "Trial: E-nagging can increase healthy activity". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
5. Wilson, Woodrow (1918-01-18). Rochester, Edward S., ed. "President's Proclamation Calling Upon People of Nation to Reduce Consumption of Wheat and Meat Products in Order to Feed America's Associates in the War". Official Bulletin 2 (219) (Washington, D.C.: United States Committee on Public Information, published 1918-01-28). p. 3. In both homes and public eating places, in order to reduce the consumption of beef, pork, and sheep products, Tuesday should be observed as meatless day in each week, one meatless meal should be observed in each day, while, in addition, Saturday in each week should further be observed as a day upon which there should be no consumption of pork products.
6. "Wheatless Wednesdays". Hoover Museum - Digital Archives. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
7. http://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/meatlesswheatless/images/large/Foods%20That%20Will%20Win%20115.jpg
8. "World War II Rationing". U-s-history.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
9. "Goodlife Vegetarian Foods: Home Page". Goodlife.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
10. "Segunda Sem Carne agora é lei no DF". segundasemcarne.com.br. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
11. "Meatless Mondays Australia". Meatless Mondays Australia. 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
12. "Actueel • EVA, verleidelijk vegetarisch". Vegetarisme.be. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
13. "על השולחן - בישול, אוכל, מתכונים". Hashulchan.co.il. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
14. "Meatless Monday".
15. "Brighton and Hove binmen get "meat-free Monday" the chop". Brighton Argus. 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-09-03.,/
16. "Month of Menus at WomansDay.com - Daily Recipes and Shopping List". Womansday.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
17. Kim ODonnel. "A Mighty Appetite Archive by Category". Voices.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
18. The Face on Your Plate: The Truth About Food (9780393065954): Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson: Books. Amazon.com. ISBN 0393065952.
19. "Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
20. "Search Results for Meatless Monday". The Huffington Post.
21. "Michael Pollan - Omnivore's Dilemma - Environment and Food". Oprah.com. 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
22. Carson, Carole. "Fat 2 Fit". Aarp.org. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
23. http://www.foodincmovie.com/img/downloads/food_inc_5x7_v3.jpg
24. "Healthy dinner recipes with nutrition facts". Nutritiondata.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
25. "|||| Ellen Kanner ||||". Ellen-ink.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
26. "Eat Hearty, Local". Baltimore Sun. 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
27. "Baltimore City Public Schools Honored for Healthy Menu". Jhsph.edu. 2009-09-29. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
28. "12 Things To Do". TakePart. Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Try Meatless Mondays
29. Stringer, Scott M. (February 2010). "FoodNYC: A Blueprint for a Sustainable Food System" (PDF). p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-06. Institute Meatless Mondays in City Schools
30. Christ, Lindsey (March 1, 2010). "Manhattan School Cuts The Fat; Urges Others To Join". NY1. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
31. Tyler, Carolyn (April 7, 2010). "San Francisco supervisors approve meat-free Mondays". KGO-TV. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
32. "10 Things I Hate About You: "Meat is Murder" episode". ABC Family. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
33. Elam, Chris (May 3, 2010). "Meatless Mondays: Even Mario Batali's Doing It". Huffington Post. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
34. Black, Jane (2010-05-19). "Meatless Mondays, a movement that has legs". The Washington Post.
35. "Healthy Monday Tip - Fox News Video - Fox News". Fox News. 2010-09-29.
36. Aubrey, Allison (August 9, 2010). "Campaign Aims To Make Meatless Mondays Hip". NPR. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
37. Stein, Joel (2010-08-23). "Where's The Beet?". Time.
38. "Andrew Freeman & Co. reveals 2011 hospitality trends". Hotel and Motel Management. October 26, 2010.
39. "Sodexo More Than Triples Reach of Its Meatless Monday Offer". Sodexo. 2011-04-18. In the wake of a successful introduction of the Meatless Monday initiative to more than 900 hospitals nationwide, Sodexo, the world leader in quality of daily life solutions, is now extending it to more than 2000 corporate and government client locations in North America, including Toyota, Northern Trust Bank and the U.S. Department of the Interior.
40. "Sodexo More Than Triples Reach of its Meatless Monday Offer". PR Newswire. 2011-04-18.
41. "Oprah Goes Vegan" (video). Oprah.com. 2011-02-01.
42. "Survey shines light on consumer attitudes toward organic beef, poultry". Sustainable Food News (Portland, Maine). 2011-02-23.
43. "Meatless Monday Gains Momentum in Communities Nationwide". 2013-04-15. In June 2011, ... Aspen, CO, became the nation’s first true Meatless Monday community
44. Oksenhorn, Stewart (2011-06-05). "Take Monday off - from meat". The Aspen Times.
45. Scott-Thomas, Caroline (2011-06-09). "Meatless Monday campaign reaches more than half of America". William Reed Business Media. FoodNavigator-USA.com. Awareness of the 'Meatless Monday' campaign has reached more than half of Americans, according to an online tracking survey conducted by FGI Research. The poll found that 50.22 percent of 2,000 American adults in a nationally representative sample were aware of the campaign ... up from 30 percent awareness six months ago.
46. Lowery, Wesley (2012-11-12). "City Council asks L.A. residents to go 'meatless' on Mondays". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA). Retrieved 2012-11-12.
47. "Meatless Mondays". LACityClerk Connect. 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2012-11-12.

External links

• Official website of national Meatless Monday campaign