Memorial Acclamation
The Memorial Acclamation is an acclamation sung or recited by the people after the institution narrative of the Eucharist.[1] They were common in ancient eastern liturgies[1] and have more recently been introduced into Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Methodist liturgies.
Liturgy of St James
The Liturgy of St James is the principal liturgy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, Syrian Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, Maronite Church, and Malankara Orthodox Church. It is also occasionally used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Melkite Catholic Church and other Eastern Catholic Churches of Byzantine Rite.
In the Syrian form of this liturgy, after the Words of Institution, to which the people respond with "Amen" after the formula for the blessing of the bread and again after the formula for the blessing of the chalice, the priest celebrant says: "Do in remembrance of Me when you partake of this sacrament, commemorating My death and My resurrection until I come." The people then respond with the acclamation: "Your death, our Lord, we commemorate, Your resurrection we confess and Your second coming we wait for. May Your mercy be upon us all."[2]
In the Byzantine form of the Liturgy of St James, the priest celebrant says: "This do in remembrance of me; for as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show forth the Lord's death, and confess His resurrection, till He come." The people respond: "We show forth Thy death, O Lord, and confess Thy resurrection."[3]
Roman Rite
The Memorial Acclamation was introduced into the Roman Rite of Mass in 1969 as part of the revision of the Roman Missal by Pope Paul VI. Previously the only acclamations by the people in the eucharistic prayer were the Sanctus and the Amen to the final doxology.[4]
The three acclamations
The three acclamations given in the Roman Missal are, in the official English translation, as follows:
- We proclaim your Death, O Lord,
- and profess your Resurrection,
- until you come again.
- When we eat this Bread and drink this Cup,
- we proclaim your Death, O Lord,
- until you come again.
- Save us, Saviour of the world,
- for by your Cross and Resurrection
- you have set us free.
The initial edition of the Roman Missal in English, which in part was an adaptation rather than a translation of the original, had instead the following four acclamations:
- Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again.
- Dying you destroyed our death, rising you restored our life. Lord Jesus, come in glory.
- When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, Lord Jesus, until you come in glory.
- Lord, by your cross and resurrection, you have set us free. You are the Saviour of the world.
Mysterium fidei
As a lead to the Memorial Acclamation, the priest says or sings: "The mystery of faith".[5]
This introductory phrase, mysterium fidei in the Latin original, was previously translated loosely into English as "Let us proclaim the mystery of faith", and in some places was sung or spoken by the deacon instead of the priest in spite of the clear instruction in the Missal itself and in the apostolic constitution Missale Romanum with which Pope Paul VI promulgated the revision of the Roman Missal.[6] The English translation was corrected in 2011 and now reads simply: "The mystery of faith".
Mysterium fidei in Tridentine Mass
Before the 1969 revision of the Roman Missal, the phrase mysterium fidei was included in the formula of consecration of the wine spoken inaudibly by the priest,[6] appearing as follows (here accompanied by an unofficial English translation):[7]
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After the revision, the text and the official English translation are now as follows:
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Some traditionalist Catholics criticized the removal of the phrase mysterium fidei from the words of consecration,[8] even claiming that it made the Mass invalid.[9]
Meaning of the phrase mysterium fidei in context
The phrase mysterium fidei was added to the words of consecration at some time before the 6th century, perhaps by Pope Leo I (440-461) and perhaps, in reaction to the denial by Manichaeism of the goodness of material things, as an expression of the Catholic Church's belief that salvation comes through Christ's material blood and through participation in the sacrament, which makes use of a material element.[10]
The memorial acclamations that follow suggest that "the mystery of faith" refers, in its new context, to "the entire mystery of salvation through Christ's death, resurrection and ascension, which is made present in the celebration of the Eucharist". An alternative memorial acclamation permitted in Ireland, "My Lord and my God", was disapproved of by Pope Paul VI for seemingly concentrating on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist rather than on Eucharistic sacrifice as a whole, but even this may be interpreted in the same sense, since it is a repetition of what in John 20:28 refers to Christ as risen and as still bearing the marks of his suffering.[10]
Other liturgies
In its 1979 version of the Book of Common Prayer, the Episcopal Church (United States) has in Prayer B the acclamation:
- We remember his death
- We proclaim his resurrection
- We await his coming in glory
In three of its Rite 2 eucharistic prayers, the acclamation is made by celebrant and people together.[1]
The Book of Alternative Services of the Anglican Church of Canada has a Memorial Acclamation, as have some United Methodist churches.
Lutherans also have an acclamation.[11]
References
- 1 2 3 Don S. Armentrout, Robert Boak Slocum (editors), An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church (Church House Publishing 2005 ISBN 978-0-89869-211-2), p. 328
- ↑ Syrian Orthodox Dioceses of North America and Canada, Anaphora of St. James
- ↑ The Divine Liturgy of Saint James
- ↑ Jennifer Kerr Breedlove, Paul Turner, Guide for Music Ministers (Archdiocese of Chicago Liturgy Training Publications 2010 ISBN 978-1-56854-916-3), p. 51
- ↑ Gerard Moore, Jean Marie Hiesberger, We Learn about Mass (Liturgy Training Publications 2011 ISBN 978-1-61671-035-4), p. 23
- 1 2 Peter J. Elliott, Liturgical Question Box (Ignatius Press 1998 ISBN 978-0-89870-677-2), pp. 95-96
- ↑ Canon of the Mass
- ↑ Rama P. Coomaraswamy The destruction of the Christian tradition 2006 p279 "Not only is this an entirely new practice, but it implies that the Mystery of the Faith is the Death, Resurrection, and Final Coming of Our Lord, rather than His 'Real Presence' on the altar."
- ↑ Adam Miller, Is the New Mass of Pope Paul VI Invalid? (Lulu 2006 ISBN 978-1-4116-9978-6), pp. 94-96
- 1 2 Edward McNamara, "The Mystery of Faith" in ZENIT News Agency, 7 October 2014
- ↑ Order of Worship, from Lutherans Online. Retrieved 2010-16-01.
See also
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